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Five colored diamonds were investigated. According to the results of the study by FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR and Photoluminescence spectroscopy, they are natural type Ia diamonds. The depth distribution of the color intensity was carried out by measuring the intensity of the PL peak at 741 nm (GR1 center) upon excitation by a laser with a wavelength of 633 nm of Raman Confocal microscope. To minimise the perturbation due to geometrical effects, defect distribution profiles were normalised with respect to diamond Raman peak intensity (691 nm) point by point. For two diamonds, the intensity of the GR1 peak (741 nm) sharply decreased to a depth of 10 µm, and then became equal to the background level, which is typical for irradiation with alpha particles from natural sources like uranium. In other diamonds, the profiles vary slightly with depth, and the color intensity is close to uniform, which is for irradiation with accelerated electrons or neutrons. The source of radiation has not been determined. However, long duration radioactivity measurements of the diamonds suggested that neutrons were not used for colour centers production in the diamonds studied.

The loss of the regulatory function of tumor suppression genes and mutations in Proto-oncogene are the common underlying mechanisms for uncontrolled tumor growth in the varied complex of disorders known as cancer. Oncogene can be curable by means of diagnosing and treating the possibilities of Proto-oncogene at earlier stages. Recently, machine learning approaches helps to focus and provide information about the possibilities of Proto-oncogene that may change into oncogene in different cancer types. This study helps to diagnose the possibilities of Proto-oncogene which are possible to change oncogenes at earlier stage. Thus, this present study proposed an efficient unique predictor of Protooncogene with the help of Bi-Directional Long Short Term Memory added with attention concept. This approach also find the probability of Proto-oncogene to oncogene using statistical moments, position based amino-acid composition representation and deep features extracted from the sequence. Consequently, this study suggests that using a K-Nearest Neighbor classifier it is possible to find probability of changing from Proto-oncogene to cancerous oncogene.

The paper examines the properties of CdS thin film, which is used for window material of solar cells and optical devices. The cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film was prepared by sol-gel method on glass and ITO substrate. Prepared thin film dried in a vacuum oven at 70℃. Thin film and powder of CdS characterized for structural, optical, and electrical properties by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), UV-Visible spectrometer, and Keithley spectrometer. The average crystallite sizes, microstrain, and dislocation density of the samples were calculated by the Debye Scherrer formula. The optical band gap of CdS calculated by the Tauc-plot method and obtained 2.40 and 2.41eV for powder and film. The absorption wavelength of CdS is suddenly decreased near 280nm and becomes flat in the higher wavelength region. The FTIR spectrometer is used to identification of unknown materials and bond formation. The bond formation, imperfections, and impurities were observed by the PL spectrometer. Keithley spectrometer is used for I-V characteristics and calculates electrical resistivity by Ohms law.

Introduction. The need for electrical energy has been increased sharply due to hasty growth in industrials, social and economic improvements. From the previous studies, it has been agreed that almost 13 % of the total power generated is wasted as heat loss at distribution level. It has been extensively recognized that the node voltage profile along the distribution system can be enhanced under steady state power transfer controlled by proper reactive power compensation. Capacitors have been acknowledged as reactive power compensating device in distribution systems to achieve technical and economical benefits. Novelty of this work is the application of Archimedes optimization algorithm for reactive power optimization in distribution systems so as to obtain an improved solution and also a real 94-bus Portuguese network and modified 12-bus network has been taken and validated for three different load levels which are totally new. Purpose of the proposed work is to maximize the economic benefit by reducing the power loss and capacitor purchase cost at three different load conditions subject to satisfaction of equality and inequality constraints. Methods. The economic benefit has been validated using Archimedes optimization algorithm for three load levels considering three distribution systems. Results. The computational outcomes indicated the competence of the proposed methodology in comparison with the previously published works in power loss minimization, bus voltage enhancement and more economical benefit and proved that the proposed methodology performs well compared to other methods in the literature.

Extensively speaking, environmental stresses have a significant negative impact on agriculture. Plants have developed a multitude of defense responses that allow them to adapt, survive and reproduce under stress conditions. In the present study the effect of different individual stress treatments and their combined treatments on the yield, growth antioxidant activity and phytochemicals of (Zingiber officinale cv-varada) were analyzed. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with 12 replications of each trial. The different stress treatments were attempted using Salicylic acid and Zinc Sulphate (10-2 & 10-3 Molar). Along with these two, drought is also taken as a third stress. The results of Individual and combination of stress treatments were obtained. The present study gives an idea about the effect of individual as well as combined stress treatments in both morphological (yield and growth parameters) antioxidant activity and the phytochemicals. A difference in the total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity was observed in different trials. This also gives a clear picture about cross tolerance in which one stress influenced the effect of another.

conventional open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) with desirable radiological and clinical outcomes. Studies in the Indian context are required to determine the efficiency of MIS over OPSF. Objective To compare restoration and maintenance of vertebral body height (VBH) following MIS versus OPSF. Methods A prospective comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients (n= 36) aged 18–65 years (males = 23, females = 13) with traumatic TL fractures were identified. Eighteen of them underwent OPSF and other eighteen underwent MIS. The radiological outcomes like anterior and posterior vertebral body height percentage (AVBH % and PVBH %) restoration and maintenance were evaluated. Quantitative variables were analyzed and described using mean ± standard deviation and qualitative variables were presented using frequency and percentage. Student t-test was used to analyse continuous data and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test was used to analyse categorical data. Results The mean age of the patients was 38.8 years. The majority of fractures were seen in the T12-LI segment (52.7 %). The AVBH % restoration and maintenance in OPSF was significantly higher compared to that of MIS at immediate post-operative (IPO) period (p = 0.01), 6 weeks (p = 0.02) and 12 weeks (p = 0.006) post-surgery. Long segment stabilization provided statistically significant AVBH and PVBH values for OPSF compared to MIS (p < 0.05). The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not restore AVBH and PVBH to a statistically significant level in both the groups (p > 0.05). Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) was seen in both the groups without any statistical significance between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion OPSF is superior over MIS in the restoration of AVBH. Restoration of PVBH was also better with OPSF although not statistically significant. OPSF with longer segment fixation had better restoration of both AVBH and PVBH. The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not seem to have any significance in both the groups. However, the MIS approach can be a reasonable alternative to open surgery with potential advantages like better clinical and functional outcome. A selected population of patients treated with MIS will show better surgical outcomes.