Search

Study of the causes of tongue and oral mucosa cancer is one of the pressing issues in practical medicine. Oral mucosa cancer accounts for about 10% of all cancer cases in other organs. The staff of the Dermatology Department at "Russian University of Medicine" share their experience in identifying precancerous conditions of the oral mucosa and vermilion border of the lips during outpatient visits. These conditions have a tendency to transform into squamous cell carcinoma. The paper describes young patients from the venereology department who had a combination of venereal disease (syphilis) and oncology (tongue cancer). The authors draw the attention of specialists to certain precancerous conditions and early signs of malignancy, the knowledge of which should maintain active oncological vigilance among doctors of other specialties.

Introduction. The manifestation of oncological alertness during dispensary observation by a dentist is very important. The most accessible options for preventing malignancy of the oral mucosa are sanitation, regular professional oral hygiene, as well as educational work among doctors and the population. However, despite the visual accessibility of tissues and organs of the oral cavity, there is an annual increase in malignant neoplasms in this area. In this case, most patients are diagnosed with a tumor process of the last stage. malignant neoplasms of the head and neck organs require special attention due to high risk of disability even at an early stage. Aim. To evaluate a correlation between malignancy of the oral mucosa and the burdened dental status of patients. Materials and methods. A controlled study was conducted which included 142 patients with cancer of the oral mucosa without sequential or parallel inclusion of patients in groups. Dental status was assessed at help-seeking stage or during clinical examination, as planned, by evaluation of main dental indices. The morphological diagnosis was established using histological verification. Results. The majority of patients with oral tumors had hard dental plaque (81.7 % of cases). The condition of the soft tissues, in addition to presence of the mucous membrane lesion, was characterized by bleeding (69 % of cases). moderate periodontal pathology was detected (19 % of cases). patients with the cavity tumors had an acute traumatic edge of hard tissues (70 % of cases), extensive caries (26 % of cases) and the presence of removable dentures (82 % of cases). Conclusion. The values of parameters evaluated in patients in the study with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa show its relation to aggravation of general somatic status. All patients in the study required dental treatment and training in oral hygiene care.

Early detection of diseases prone to malignancy is one of the most important problems in medicine. Elements of lesions on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the red border of the lips, characterized by a risk of degeneration, are available for visual inspection and can be detected during a general examination of the patient by a doctor of any specialty. A qualified description of clinical cases helps to familiarize specialists working in healthcare institutions with the clinical manifestations of pathology.

Background. Healing of open wounds in the oral cavity is often accompanied by infection and constant traumatization, which lead to impaired blood supply to the tissues, lack of trophic support and low oxygen supply to increasing proliferative processes. Recently, photodynamic therapy has taken its place among the methods for stimulating regeneration of oral mucosal tissues. The authors consider it essential to study the influence of photodynamic treatment on the functional state of the microvasculature in the wound tissues, which determines the transcapillary exchange and the tissue respiration, providing the tissue regeneration.Objective. To study the photodynamic effect of sequential dual-wavelength radiation on the microvasculature in the wound tissues of the oral mucosa in vivo.Methods. The study was carried out on 36 female outbred Wistar rats, weighing 200–250 g. The animals were divided into two groups: control group (n = 18) and experimental group (n = 18). Wound surfaces healed by secondary intention were modeled on the cheek mucosa of the animals. Dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy was performed in the 1st postoperative day in experimental group. The microcirculatory function was assessed by Doppler flowmetry before, and on days 3, 7 and 14 after wounding. The results were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0.0.1 (IBM Inc., USA).Results. It has been established that dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy has a positive effect on the restoration of the microvasculature of the wound tissues. This therapy facilitated bypassing for microcirculatory flow on the 3rd day of the study, and increased the perfusion of tissues on the 7th. The experimental group did not have congestive-ischaemic phenomena in the wound region; the microcirculatory flow was augmented through the microcirculation regulation by the 14th day.Conclusion. Following the obtained results the use of dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy can be considered as a promising method for restoration of the microvasculature of tissues in the oral mucosal trauma.

Background. The vast majority of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa refer to squamous cell carcinomas. The development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa is often promoted by previous potentially malignant diseases, with oral leukoplakia dominating among them.Objective. To determine the clinical significance of the pathogenicity of somatic mutations in oral mucosal leukoplakia.Methods. The study material included 24 samples of abnormal epithelium of the oral mucosa from leukoplakia patients. QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) was used for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from the samples. DNA sequencing was performed using IlluminaNextSeq 550 sequencer and TruSight™ Oncology 500 DNA Kit For Use with NextSeq (Illumina, USA). All DNA extractions from biological samples, preparation and sequencing of DNA libraries were performed step-by-step in strict accordance with the guidelines provided with the respective reagent kits. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out using specific software Illumina Base Space (Illumina, USA) and Galaxy Project (The Galaxy Community, a non-profit international project) according to current guidelines. The desired power of the study accounted for 90%. Two Proportions Z test was performed by means of The Sample Size Calculation of Statistica 12 (StatSoft, Inc.) with the set option “one-tailed hypothesis”, because it was initially assumed that pathogenic (oncogenic) genetic variants occur in the tissue of oral leukoplakia much more frequently than in the human reference genome used for sequence alignment.Results. The pathogenic somatic mutations in the TP53, KRAS, APC, NRAs and BRAF genes, identified in this study, alone or in combination, are highly likely (hazard ratio 3000-11000) to be associated with the development of oral mucosal leukoplakia and low-grade epithelial dysplasia. The multiplicity of pathogenic and likely pathogenic genetic variants associated with epithelial dysplasia, as well as the fact that a number of variants do not occur in all patients, suggests that the same histotype of oral mucosal dysplasia may develop under the influence of different mutations.Conclusion. The pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants of the TP53, KRAS, APC, NRAS and BRAF genes, identified in this study, alone or in combination, are highly likely (hazard ratio 3000–11000) to be associated with the development of leukoplakia and low-grade epithelial dysplasia.

Background. The number of studies devoted to the molecular genetics of oral mucosal leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma is small, while the obtained results are usually preliminary in nature. We can assume the existence of region-specific pathogenic genetic variants involved in the development of oral mucosal leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. With the knowledge of such variants, it would become possible to develop PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and NGS (next-generation sequencing) test systems for the detection of clinically significant germline mutations.Objectives — to identify pathogenic germline genetic variants in patients with oral mucosal leukoplakia accompanied by grade 1 epithelial dysplasia, as well as oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, using new-generation sequencing.Methods. Study design: prospective, observational, cross-sectional, without a control group. The sample included patients (48 persons) of either sex (18 years of age or older) with the following proven and morphologically confirmed diagnoses: oral mucosal leukoplakia accompanied by grade 1 squamous intraepithelial neoplasia of epithelium (24 people) and oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (24 people), who sought medical care at the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Dental Center and Vitebsk Regional Clinical Oncological Center in 2019–2020. The identified pathogenic and presumably pathogenic genetic variants involved in the development of these diseases were quantitatively assessed. The study was conducted at the Shareable Core Facilities GENOME of the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. In order to isolate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from blood samples, a QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) was used. The preparation of DNA libraries and sequencing were carried out by means of an Illumina NextSeq 550 sequencing system (Illumina, Inc., USA) using an Illumina Nextera DNA Exome kit (USA). Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using Illumina BaseSpace specialized software (USA) and Galaxy Project (Galaxy Community, an international non-profit project) in accordance with current guidelines. The obtained data were statistically processed employing specialized software packages Statistica 12 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) and MedCalc 18.9.1 (MedCalc Software, Ltd, Belgium).Results. Next-generation whole-exome sequencing of deoxyribonucleic acid samples isolated from the blood of patients with oral mucosal leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma has been conducted in the Republic of Belarus for the first time. The total number of unique germline genetic variants in the exome of both groups of patients was shown to be very high, yet most of them were not pathogenic. In the examined patients, the majority of germline mutations were found to be localized only in 19 exome genes: MAP2K3, DNAH5, HSPG2, OBSCN, SYNE1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-A, HLA-B, PKD1L2, TTN, AHNAK2, PDE4DIP, MUC3A, MUC4, MUC12, MUC16, and MUC17. In both clinical groups, the greatest number of genetic variants (> 40% of the total number) was detected in MUC3A, MUC4, MUC12, and MUC16, responsible for the synthesis of the glycoprotein mucin family.Conclusion. Oral mucosal leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma can arise from the pathogenic variants of MUC3A, MUC4, MUC12, and MUC16.

Background. The aim of the work is to review and analyze modern methods for assessing the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium. Materials and methods. In order to select promising methods for assessing the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium, a classification of methods was developed based on the underlying physical principle. An analysis of these methods was also carried out in terms of the measured parameter, invasiveness, rapidity of the method and the possibility of its use at the preclinical stage of the disease. Results. Early diagnosis of diseases of the oral mucosa and periodontal disease in the preclinical stage, due to the reversibility of processes, increases the chances of complete recovery. This is relevant due to the high risk of malignant degeneration of damaged soft tissues of the mucosa against the background of inflammatory diseases. Conclusions. The advantages of electrochemical methods of diagnostics are revealed.

In modern scientific research, the problem of diagnosing and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa (OM) and the red border of the lips (RBL) remains relevant. Over the last three decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. The results of the study of significant triggers of cheilitis associated with genetic, immunological and environmental impacts are the basis for the development of new methods of treatment. The present article is a review of scientific studies and literature sources on the causes of primary inflammatory diseases of the lips and their early diagnosis. The article presents descriptions of clinical cases of primary cheilitis with the illustrative materials from the authors’ practice. Also, special attention is paid to the principles of diagnosing cheilitis as a symptom complex and as an independent disease, which is of high medical significance for further successful treatment.

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oral mucosa is an inner lining of oral cavity, which maintains different functions including protection of epithelial integrity. Pathology of oral mucosa can develop in response to the action of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, and various traumatic factors; it can be a result of systemic pathology of a patient as well. Pain and discomfort usually accompanies such conditions leading to decrease of patient wellbeing. The basis of the pharmacological regulation of the regeneration process is the stimulation of wound healing. The aim is to summarize and discuss the spectrum of remedy options that are used to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa. The overall goal of the paper is to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about medicament variety, ways of theirs application and dosage. Methods. Relevant literature from MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and in open access journals which are published by Elsevier was selected using the following key words «oral mucosa», «epithelization», and «remedy» were used in various combinations by the year of 2023. In total there were found 48 papers. To the selected scientific papers we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the relevant ones. Conclusions. A significant number of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are available nowadays on dental market. Numerous studies substantiates the effectiveness of their use in dentistry. Therefore, when choosing pharmacological drugs, preference is given to drugs with a complex effect, which locally affect various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of the occurrence of diseases and do not disturb human wellbeing.

Introduction. Treatment of patients with complex urethral strictures is an actual problem of reconstructive urology. After multi-staged urethral surgery with multiple revisions the new reconstruction is limited by paucity of plastic material (for grafts and flaps). In-thing, new materials for urethral reconstruction (various auto, allo and xenografts) are still being developed in reconstructive urethral surgery.Purpose of the study. To study the possibility of using oral mucosa micrografts to form the urethral plate in the multi-stage surgery for patients with extended urethral strictures.Materials and methods. In the experimental study, male Wistar rats (22 individuals) weighing 300 – 400 g underwent a full-thickness skin wound after intramuscular sedation. We used the wound chamber (12 mm diameter) to exclude the wound contraction. The oral mucosa graft was harvested (6 mm in diameter). After pre-fabrication, the graft was minced to fragments < 1 mm2. Micrografts with fibrin-thrombin glue were applied to the wound. By day 45, the epithelial plate was excised for histological examination. In the clinical study, 4 patients with recurrent penile urethral strictures were treated with staged urethroplasty with urethral plate formation using oral mucosa micrografts. The average length of the stricture was 7.5 ± 1.2 cm (with extremely narrow and obliteration sites). The urethral plate was formed as the first stage. The preparation of the graft bed and oral mucosa grafts harvesting was carried out according to the standard procedure. Micrografts preparation and implantation was carried out as in experimental part of this study. After 6 months, neourethra tubularization was performed. The patients were evaluated every 3 months after the final stage of urethroplasty (uroflowmetry, ultrasound, X-ray, PROM-USS). The median follow-up was 9 months (3 – 18 months).Results. On day 15, in the experimental study, in 16 of 22 (72.7%) rats, the wound chambers had focal growth of the oral mucosa epithelium. On day 45, the wounds healed completely healed with oral mucosa. The final area of the plate was 78 ± 12 mm2. In the clinical study, 6 months after the first stage, all patients (n = 4) had a urethral plate covered with an oral mucosa epithelium without scar formation and sufficient for neurethra tubularization. All patients underwent urethral tubularization. After catheter removal, all men urinated. After 9 months (median follow-up, n = 3), the Qmax was 22.7 ± 4.2 ml/s, the post-void residual urine was 34.8 ± 2.2 ml, the total PROM-USS score was 7.4 ± 1.2, urethral lumen is preserved. All patients showed high satisfaction with the treatment.Conclusion. The oral mucosa micrografts showed good take in heterotopic transplantation (72.7%) with the formation of an epithelial layer on the wound surface. The final mucosal plate area 3 times exceeded the initial micrografts area. This initial clinical experience of using oral mucosa micrografts shows the new possibility of this technology in reconstructive urethral surgery, especially in patients with complex urethral strictures.

The actual problem of treatment of patients with limbal cell stem deficiency is reviewed. We summarized practical experience in various fields of medicine, aimed at tissue reconstruction using cells of the buccal mucosa. In ophthalmology, an effective method has long been searched to treat patients with the limbal stem cell deficiency causing an intense opacification and vascularization of the cornea and followed by a significant decrease in visual acuity. Recent studies have shown that the transplantation of epithelial cells of oral mucosa can significantly improve the treatment of patients with this disease. Although the mechanisms of oral mucosa epithelial cells' action are still insufficiently studied, the existing positive experience of oral mucosa using for tissue repair has great interest to practitioners, giving potential possibilities of its use, therapeutic effectiveness and ease of obtaining. A brief review of the literature presents the description of the morphological features of the. buccal mucosa and the analysis of published data about the use of buccal epithelium in various branches of medicine and in ophthalmology, in particular.

More than six years at the department of skin and veneer diseases of Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry patients with pathology of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips are treated. One of the most common pathologies of the oral mucosa and lips is leukoplakia, which occurs in a variety of clinical forms. In this article, the staff of the department shares with practitioners their observations of this group of patients and the tactics of their management on an outpatient basis.

Introduction. Currently, the most common method of treating extended urethral strictures is augmentation urethroplasty using oral mucosa grafts. Analysis of the long-term outcomes of this surgery type shows a high incidence of relapses and complications.Purpose of the study. To improve the outcomes of augmentation urethroplasty, in particular the dorsal inlay (Asopa) technique, in patients with extended spongy urethral strictures by minimizing the risk of recurrent strictures.Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of the surgery in 90 patients (aged 18-72 years) with extended spongy urethral strictures. Seventy patients (group I) underwent dorsal inlay augmentation urethroplasty according to the Asopa technique, and 20 patients (group II) — according to the author's modified technique. Statistical data analysis was carried out using the SPSS ver.26 software (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).Results. A comparative analysis of the course of the early postoperative period showed a lower number of complications in group II patients compared to group I — 20.0% versus 34.3%, respectively. The recurrent strictures were registered for groups I and II in 18.8% and 5.6% of cases 6 months after surgery, respectively. The recurrent urethral narrowing was most often localized in the area of distal anastomosis between the buccal graft and the native urethra in patients from both groups.Conclusion. The modified dorsal inlay augmentation urethroplasty technique developed and implemented in clinical practice by increasing the internal urethral lumen in the areas of proximal and distal anastomosis between the buccal graft and the native spongy urethral body allows minimizing the risks of recurrent urethral narrowing after augmentation urethroplasty.

The paper reports principles for etiotropic and symptomatic therapy of oral mucosal diseases. The options for dental care tactics selection by the general practitioner, the primary care physician, based on the clinical manifestations are discussed using certain nosological entities as examples. It has been shown that general functional state of the organism plays a vital part in achieving treatment efficacy.

Chronic kidney disease results in severe disruptions to metabolic pathways, which contributes to tissue and organ damage, including damage to oral mucosa. A long-term condition limits the patient’s activity, which results in poor oral hygiene. Accumulation of dental plaque causes inflammation of the gums and follows the development of lesions in various areas of mucous membrane. Raches become long-lasting (chronic) and bother the patient. Bleeding gums immediately during hemodialysis is a clear manifestation of coagulation disorders. The research made it possible to develop guidelines on dental care in patients with CKD.

The article discusses etiological factors, pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations, optimization of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of exudative erythema multiforme of the oral cavity. Currently, such pathological changes in the oral cavity are insufficiently studied and remain relevant in modern dentistry. Promising approaches to the successful treatment of this disease involve the implementation of additional examination and joint treatment with related specialists. Numerous studies of domestic and foreign authors demonstrate that special attention is paid to the prevention of re-morbidity of exudative erythema multiforme, aimed at preventing the occurrence of lesions of the oral mucosa.

Doctors of various medical specialties often encounter adverse drug reactions in their clinical practice. Methotrexate (MTX) can cause adverse reactions in the oral cavity, primarily erosions and ulcerations. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific literature on the prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors for oral lesions associated with low doses of MTX, their prevention and treatment. It was demonstrated that the most frequent oral adverse reactions associated with low doses of MTX are hard-to-heal painful necrotic and often irregularly shaped lesions of the oral mucosa (including aphthae and ulcers). The spectrum of histopathological changes ranges from nonspecific ulcerations to lichenoid reactions. Treatment of oral lesions induced by low doses of MTX consists in drug withdrawal or dose tapering. Folic acid and local symptomatic therapy can also be used, if necessary. Practitioners should be aware of the potential development of MTX-induced oral lesions, and specific aspects of the drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to be able to ensure timely detection of adverse reactions and their effective treatment.

Today, diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are the most dangerous, as they can not only affect the quality of human life, but also lead to death. According to the WHO, pathogenic bacteria namely, mycoses affect from 1/5 to 1/3 of the world's population, more than a third (37.8 %) of them cause yeast-like (Candida). Over the past 20 years, there has been a 15-fold increase in the frequency of infectious inflammatory diseases of candidiasis etiology. After examining the range of drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and abroad, it was found that the following drugs of foreign origin are currently used for the treatment of these diseases: Methyluracil (Lekhim, Ukraine), Solkoseril (Birsfelden, Switzerland), Mexidol (PHARMASOFT, Moscow, RF). Based on the above it is seen that the range of drugs for the treatment of oral mucosa diseases is limited. All of the above shows the need for the creation of a new domestic drug exhibiting antimicrobial, fungicidal, reparative activity. The aim of our work is to create a new drug based on the model mixture of Thiotriazoline and Decamethoxinum, which exhibit antimicrobial, fungicidal, repertoire activity. Materials and methods. Thiotriazoline, decamethoxinum, model mixture. The studies were carried out by agar diffusion (well method) to study antimicrobial activity. Model mixtures with decamethoxinum were made from 0.5 to 5 mg; thiotriazoline – 200 mg. Antimicrobial activity of these model mixtures was carried out. Results. The model mixture of thiotriazoline and decamethoxinum in antimicrobial and fungicidal action was significantly superior to decamethoxinum by 54 % in the degree of growth inhibition of S. aureus, by 120 % in the degree of growth inhibition of E. coli, by 57 % in the degree of growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa, and by 108 % in the degree of growth retardation of C. albicans at 106 CFU/ml of medium. Conclusion. The model mixture of thiotriazoline and decamethoxinum exhibits high antimicrobial and fungicidal activity.

The aim of the study: to analyze literature sources concerning interaction between pathogenesis of lesions of the salivary glands and oral mucous membrane in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Conclusion. Analysis of the current literature is quite explicit on the point concerning interdependence of lesions of the salivary glands and morphofunctional changes of the oral mucosa with diabetes mellitus.

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (ABH) is a term used to describe acute, subepithelial oral mucosal blisters filled with blood without any systemic disorder or hemostatic defect. The diagnosis of ABH is largely clinical, and includes elimination of other diseases at histology. We present a 24-year-old patient suffering from ABH with some clinical peculiarities. Recognition of ABH is of great importance to dermatologists, to avoid misdiagnosis.

Oral mucosal lesions hold one of the lead places in the structure of dental diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) considered as a multifactorial disease is of top priority among dermatoses of oral mucosa and red lip border. Diverse putative concepts behind developing lichen planus pathogenesis are discussed including immunoallergic, viral, genetic and membrane-destructive theories. However, an immune theory is thought to play a crucial role in developing lichen planus. Despite documented induction of immune mechanisms, complex interaction between pathological process and normal defense response as well as stirred interest to it, multiple aspects of immunological conflict in lichen planus remain unclear. Few data describing altered immune parameters depending on clinical picture of lichen planus are currently available that suggested to perform the study aimed at examining immune status in patients with various forms of oral lichen planus. There were enrolled 286 oral lichen planus patients (248 females and 38 males), aged 27–84 years. Based on clinical picture, all OLP patients were divided into 6 groups: a typical type, exudative-congestive, erosive-ulcerous, hyperkeratotic, atypical, bullous type. An immune status in peripheral blood samples was evaluated by analyzing innate defense mechanisms as well as humoral and cellular immunity. Multiple altered immune parameters characterized by impaired phagocytic capture and metabolic activity, disimmunoglobulinemia, altered ratio of major immunocompetent cell types and subsets were documented during the study. Moreover, OLP patients with typical, hyperkeratotic, exudative hyperemic, atypical and erosive ulcerous forms were found to have increased amount of CD4+ helper T cells associated with a self-sustained immune response due to suppressed elimination of pathogenic agents consequently resulting in developing autoimmune process. While analyzing immune status in OLP patients, it allowed to find a relationship between dysphagocytosis signs, impaired humoral and cellular immunity as well as various clinical forms of the disease. Thus, it suggests imbalanced mechanisms responsible for pathogen elimination might play a role in OLP pathogenesis, including infectious agents being involved in its development.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is included in the category of potentially malignant diseases. Benign processes are differentiated from malignant ones by the nature of cell proliferative activity. The aim of the present study was the comparative study of proliferative activity in OLP and leuk oplakia cells, as well as the cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. Biopsy specimens from 16 patients with OPL, 13 with leukoplakia, and 7 with oral squamous cell carcinoma were investigated. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using Ki67 monoclonal antibodies.Results. The average Ki67 index in OPL cells was 9.3 ± 2.3 %. Proliferating cells were located exclusively in the basal epidermis layer. In leukoplakia cells, the average Ki67 index was 20.5 ± 6.1 %; the proliferating cells were located in the basal layer and lower parts of the spinous (suprabasal) layer of the epidermis. In squamous cell carcinoma, the average Ki67 index was 57.4 ± 2.04 %. Proliferating cells were located diffusely over all cell complexes from the lower to the highest layers of the epidermis. Differences in the proliferation level were significant for the leukoplakia/OPL pair (p = 0.003) and squamous cell carcinoma/OPL pair (p < 0.001), while for squamous cell carcinoma/leukoplakia pair the difference was not significant (p = 0.211).Conclusion. The differences in the proliferation level and in the nature of the proliferating cell distributionin through the epidermis can be applied in the differential diagnosis of OPL and leuk oplakia.

Subject of Research. The paper presents the study of the oral mucosa reaction of experimental animals to fractional laser treatment by diode laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm.Methods. A single fractional laser treatment of oral mucosa was carried out in the experiment on Wistar laboratory rats at different exposure regimes: combinations of laser power from the range Р = 5-15 W, pulsewidth tp = 100-120 ms and the filling factor. The animals were taken out of the experiment immediately after exposure, on the 5th, 7th and 28th day after the treatment. For histological evaluation mucosal preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as aniline blue according to Masson. Thickness of mucosa layers and concentration of collagen fibers were defined as a result of computer processing of images of histological samples. Main Results. It was established that the mucous condition depends significantly on the laser treatment regime and the time elapsed since the fractional treatment. When exposed to pulsed laser radiation with P = 5 W, tp = 100 msor P = 7 W, tp = 120 ms,at the filling factor F = 200±50 microdamages/cm2 the mucous regeneration has been completed on the 28th day after treatment, and for the other studied regimes it continues. After regeneration the thickness of the epithelial layer of the oral mucosa is less, and the thickness of the submucosal layer with lamina propria of mucosaand concentration of collagen fibers in the mucosa correspond to control. Practical Relevance. The obtained results are promising for further research on the reconstruction of thinning oral mucosa.

Prosthetic material should induce minimal pathological reaction when in contact with the oral mucosa, especially during oral rehabilitation of patients with tumors of the oral mucosa. The article presents monitoring of a patient after surgery for cancer of the buccal mucosa at the stage of orthopedic rehabilitation. Treatment plan proposed complex oral rehabilitation. A maxillary complete removable denture was manufactured as well as metalloceramic and partial mandibular dentures. Plasma chemical modification of the removable dentures was planned after correction of the prosthetics and primary adaptation. Removable dentures were applied at the maxilla and mandibula. Per our recommendations, the patient was examined weekly for a month and monthly for 6 months. No new tumors or pathological elements were observed.Conclusions. Changes in critical surface tension of the removable dentures made of acrylic plastic improve their biological characteristics as demonstrated by positive clinical dynamics. Prosthetic constructions with hydrophilic surface are recommended in complex clinical cases when patients with tumors of the oral mucosa require dentures.

Introduction. The priority of modern dentistry is a constant research of pathological changes in oral cavity occurring in patients with (COPD). Today under COPD we understand the growing abuse of lung function that caused lung tissue inflammatory response to stimulation by various agents. We know that more than 55.0 % of COPD cases are comorbid with coronary heart disease (CHD). COPD and CHD are accompanied by the emergence of systemic hypoxia, which in addition to the existing metabolic disorders of oxygen deficiency in periodontal tissues depresses regeneration and reparative processes. Results of clinical studies suggest that fairly simple methods of non-invasive exfoliative cytology allow us to determine the impact of various systems and external factors on the parameters of cells and cellular structures in the presence of various states of gums pathology. Both diseases have direct effect on periodontal tissue manifesting in cell anomalies such as micronucleus, binuklear cells, karioreksis, kariolisis, protrusion, vacuolization, and halo (coylocytosis). Aim. To find out the frequency and nature of epithelial cell nucleus in patients with COPD comorbid with CHD. Materials and methods. We examined 239 patients aged 45 to 65 years (157 men and 82 women) with verified diagnosis of COPD and CHD. They were divided into groups depending on the underlying disease: the main group – 130 patients with COPD comorbid with CHD, comparison group N 1 – 38 patients with COPD, and comparison group N 2 – 71 patients diagnosed with CHD. Cytology was performed on the gingival epithelium scrapes using light microscope. Also we used digital videocamera CAM 2800 with light microscopy to take photos of cells. Abnormal cells rate was determined in 1/1000 terms. Statistical analysis was performed with “SPSS 13” computer. Results. All patients with somatic disorders have significant morphological changes of epithelial cells, increased number of non-nuclear cells, and cells with large nuclei evenly colored. At the same time the nucleus of epithelial cells from healthy donors were small and compact. Patients of the main group showed the highest level with micronuclei cells determined pathological processes and violation of apoptosis. In addition, patients of the main group and the comparison group number 1 had more than 2 times higher rate of binuclear cells in comparison with the control group, and also with group of patients with coronary artery disease. The highest rate of core protrusions was also inherent in the study group, whish frequency in patients with COPD increased significantly and exceeded targets by more than 9 times. COPD and CHD may contribute to the presence of hypoxia, microcirculatory disorders and vascular permeability, increased lipid peroxidation. Most likely is the probability of rise above violations and growth in the epithelium of patients with increased number of cells vacuolization, which is a sign of an early destruction of cells, including destructive changes of cell membranes, reducing their barrier and transport functions. Conclusions. Results of the study indicate that the most significant changes of cells nucleus were found in patients with comorbid broncho-cardiac pathology and display stereotypical features of chronic inflammation. Thus, we can draw a conclusion about genotoxic impact of physical illness or its treatment of the manifestations of epithelial cell abnormalities on the patients with COPD comorbid with coronary artery disease.

In the experiments on 27 old female rats, the effect of the anthracene derivative preparation on the state of the intercellular matrix of the connective tissue of the periodontal and oral mucosa in intact animals, as well as on the periodontitis model, was studied.

The Aim of the Study: Was to explore the accumulation and distribution of the photosensitizer Photoditazine in the oral mucosa when applied to pathological lesions in patients with severe forms of lichen planus., Material and Methods: A clinical and laboratory examination was carried out in 50 patients with severe forms of lichen planus (bullous and erosive-ulcerative) aged 18 to 70 years, including 6 men and 44 women. For autofluorescent imaging a LED device with a wavelength in the violet region of the spectrum (400±10 nm) was used. Quantitative registration of the kinetics of accumulation and distribution of the photosensitizer was carried out using the method of local fluorescence spectroscopy by measuring the fluorescence spectra., Results: The measurements were made before applying the photosensitizer, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after application. The study showed that in most patients with erosive-ulcerative and bullous forms of lichen planus, the accumulation of the photosensitizer in the lesions on the oral mucosa increased as the exposure time increased from 20 to 30 minutes. The fastest accumulation of the photosensitizer occurred in the areas of mucosal lesions with the most pronounced vascularization, namely, in the area of the tongue and the bottom of the oral cavity., Conclusion: Using the method of local fluorescence spectroscopy, the kinetics of accumulation and destruction of photosensitizer in pathological areas of the oral mucosa was determined, and therefore the optimal time of laser exposure to the lesion was determined.

Objective: The aim of the study. Improving the efficiency of diagnosis and detailing the features of the clinic of «potentially malignant» diseases of the oral mucosa., Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory examination of 124 patients of the department of oral mucosa diseases aged 35 to 80 years, among whom there were 75 women and 49 men, with diseases such as erythroplakia - 12 patients, verrucous leukoplakia - 52 patients, erosive form of leukoplakia - 35 patients, cheilitis Manganotti - 25 patients. Histological and immunohistochemical methods of investigation were used as diagnostics. To assess the proliferative activity of epithelial cells, the determination of the Ki-67 index was used. The synthesis of keratin 15 (K15) in epithelial layers was determined as a diagnostic criterion for the severity of neoplasia. The expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) antigens and p16INK4a protein in epithelial cells was studied, as well as the expression of p53 protein., Results: A high prevalence of p53 mutations was observed in patients with erythroplakia. In leukoplakia, the expression of the Ki-67 protein was detected in the cell nuclei in both the basal and parabasal layers of the multilayer squamous epithelium, in 77% of cases, the expression of the p16INK4a protein in the epithelial nuclei with varying degrees of dysplastic changes was noted, and a positive reaction to HPV16 was also observed in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the basal, parabasal and spiny epithelial layers. The appearance of K15 in the cytoplasm of cells above the basal layer with abrasive precancerous cheilitis was found in 48% of cases., Conclusion: To diagnose early manifestations of neoplastic processes in «potentially malignant» diseases of the oral mucosa, it is necessary to use both classical histological and immunohistochemical methods of investigation with various markers.

Copyright of Likarska Sprava is the property of J. Likarska Sprava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose of the study. The study of the protective role of the рersantine when topically applied to the condition of the oral mucosa of rats under conditions of systemic exposure to the fluorine toxicant against the background of polyphenolic insufficiency. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 21 white rat-male 2 months ages that were distributed over 7 animals in a group. The 1st group is intact, the rats were fed on the vivarium diet. In the second group (control oh) in rat bespolifenolnogo background ration was prepared 5 times in week 5% fluorouracil solution per os at a dose of 12.5 mg / kg body weight of rats. The third group, under the combined effect of fluorouracil under the conditions of a bespolyphenol regimen, received topically as a part of a gel, рersantine in a dose of 0.5 mg / kg 5 times a week. Gel - freshly prepared 7.5% potato starch was applied topically to the oral mucosa of the rats. Results and conclusions. introduced against the background of the genotoxicant of fluorouracil in the alimentary deficiency of plant components , manifested in the oral mucosa antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Under the influence of the chimes, the state of the vessels of the microvasculature was normalized due to a significant decrease in edema - the packing density of the vessels and the coefficient of preservation of their lumen increased. There are data on the effect of various toxicants with a lack of plant food components on the occurrence of dental pathology [3].

Kovach I. V., Khotimskаy J. V. Antioxidant system of oral cavity in children with inflammatory diseases oral mucosa and acute forms of leukemia under the treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(1):387-395. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.276515 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4246 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 24.01.2017. ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY DISEASES ORAL MUCOSA AND ACUTE FORMS OF LEUKEMIA UNDER THE TREATMENT I. V. Kovach, J. V. Khotimskаy State Enterprise «Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy under Ukrainian Ministry of Health» khotimskaya@ukr.net Summary The children with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa on the background of acute leukemia develop antioxidant system pronounced changes, e.g. the level of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic components reduces. This increases oxidative homeostasis disorders and decreases catalase’s activity. We have developed treatment-and-prophylactic complex containing quercetin mucosal gel and gel with a large number of polyphenols, flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins ("Vinaceous"), and dentilave "Lysomucoid", mixture of sanguinarine alkaloids disulfate and chelerythrine, anti-fungal and probiotic preparations. This complex has a pronounced stimulatory effect on the state of the antioxidant system, which largely determines the general condition of organs and tissues of the oral cavity. At the same time the developed therapeutic and preventive complex provides a consistently high level of functional activity of the antioxidant system in children with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa on the background of acute forms of leukemia in a year after treatment. The objective: to determine the activity of catalase in children with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa on the background of the acute form of leukemia in the dynamics of treatment. Materials and methods. 126 children aged 2-18 y.o. with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been examined. All the children underwent clinical trials and then basic group and group of comparison was formed. In both groups the plaques were removed, full mouth debridement was made and systematically healthful procedures were done. Oral cavity hygiene was performed with the use of alcohol-free anti-inflammatory dentilave "Lysomucoid". The main group children additionally to oral hygiene used the developed therapeutic and prophylactic complexes. Results and Conclusions. The application of the developed therapeutic and prophylactic complexes, professional oral cavity hygiene and subsequent treatment applications had a pronounced stimulating effect at the state of the antioxidant system, which depends greatly on the state of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. The therapeutical method worked out provides high level of functional activity of the antioxidant system in all groups. This is especially important for acute leukemia children. Key words: leukemia, children, oral mucosa, antioxidant system, catalase.

Аbstract. The objective of present study was to determine the immunological features of immune system aging in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the patients at different ages (mature, aging and old) observed at a dental unit. A study of cellular spectrum and humoral factors in salivary gland secretions has been performed in a group of 106 persons (35 to 90 years old). A number of age-dependent features of the immune profile were revealed for the mucous-salivary area, thus characterizing involution events within MALT structures. Among specific markers determining intensity of MALT-associated aging, a decreased percentage of viable immune cells (below 40%), along with the prevalence of the neutrophilic granulocytes in the salivary secretions (over 98%) (with increased expression of β2-integrins); decreased counts of mononuclear cells, i.e., mononuclear cells with low expression of CD11β adhesion molecules, B-lymhocytes, and Th-lymphocytes have been revealed. Alterations in serum factors included a general decrease in complement system activity (СН50) and anaphylotoxines (С3а,С5а); elevated protein, mucine, and IgМ levels. The revealed specific features of cellular and humoral immunity within MALT-associated muco-salivary zone may be considered as a normal response connected with natural aging processes. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 2-3, pp 167-174)

Oral health is an essential part of the overall health of patients. Oral care has a significant impact on the well-being as well as self-esteem of a person. Mouth is a "gateway" to the body, and changes in oral organs and tissues may be the first signal of the overall health problems.