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Аim: to study the role of serum and ultrasonometric markers in the early diagnosis of malignant transformation of periductal fibrosis of the liver during the formation of cholangiocarcinoma against the background of chronic invasion of Opisthorchis felineus, in the population of endemic regions.Methods. A comprehensive one-stage comparative study was conducted in a case-control design, using the assessment of biochemical parameters (lactate, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, direct and indirect bilirubin, high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, urea and total protein), immunological parameters (transforming growth factor beta) and tumor markers (CA 19-9, СYFRA 21-1) in blood serum samples obtained from patients with O. felineus infection, with and without periductal fibrosis, O. felineus-infected patients with cholangiocarcinoma and representatives of control groups. During the analytical stage, the relationship between the structural features of the liver ac- cording to the results of ultrasound examination (presence of opisthorchiasis-associated periductal fibrosis), clinical parameters, parasitological study data (infection intensity), and changes in biochemical, immunological parameters and tumor markers in patients against the background of O. felineus infection was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using the R programming language (version 3.6.1).Results. Evaluation of the relationship between the presence of ultrasound signs of stage 1–2 opisthorchiasis-associated periductal fibrosis and changes in serum levels of the biochemical, immunologic parameters and oncomarkers in patients with O. felineus infection demonstrated that the levels of alkaline phosphatase, conjugated bilirubin, AST, glucose and CA 19-9 oncomarker were significantly higher in the serum of patients in the group with cholangio-carcinoma and opisthorchiasis (p < 0.01).Conclusion. The first pilot data on the relationship between ultrasonometric signs of periductal liver fibrosis and the increase of CA 19-9 oncomarker as well as biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose), which can be used for early diagnosis of malignant transformation of periductal liver fibrosis with the formation of cholangiocarcinoma in O. felineus-infected population in endemic regions, were obtained.

Aim. To assess awareness of biobanking among patients and healthcare professionals, and to identify factors influencing willingness to become donors and participate in the collection of biological material.Material and methods. A qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews of doctors (n=11) and patients (n=11) of Tomsk medical organizations. The results obtained were processed using lexical and comparative analysis techniques.Results. The experience of participation in biobanking was extremely limited among both patients and doctors, but those who had previous experience evaluated it positively. Patients and doctors had not received information about biobanks from official sources, but intuitively understood their functions and roles in biomedical research. Patients were willing to donate biomaterials, while doctors were willing to collect them, but both parties emphasized the importance of understanding the purpose and future use of the biomaterials. Patients wanted to ensure the safety of the collection procedures and the confidentiality of their personal data. The main motives for donating biomaterial were contribution to scientific development, potential attractiveness for the descendants of donors, social origin and material reward.Conclusion. Popularizing biobanking and increasing the awareness of donors and healthcare professionals about the regulatory framework governing biobanking activities can help establish trust and enhance readiness for donation, even regarding invasive biomaterial collection procedures.

Background. The growth of antibiotic resistance is an urgent problem of modern medicine associated with the irrational use of antibacterial drugs. The solution to this problem requires a comprehensive analysis of the situation not only from the patients’ standpoint, but also from that of medical specialists. Aim. To establish the level of awareness about the problem of antibiotic resistance and to study the practice of antibacterial drug use among senior students of a medical university. Material and methods. A one-time sociological study was conducted in the format of an online survey of the 5th–6th year students of the medical and pediatric faculties of the Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results. An invitation to the survey was sent to 406 5th–6th year students of the pediatric and medical faculties; 334 students voluntarily completed the questionnaire (return rate — 82.3%). Most students are aware of the problem of antibiotic resistance. 58.8% of the students took drugs as prescribed by a doctor, adhering to the prescribed duration of treatment. The most commonly used antibiotics were: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid — 57.6%, amoxicillin — 29%, azithromycin — 19.4%, ciprofloxacin — 13.4%, 3rd generation cephalosporins — 8.1%. It was found that 45.4% of students used antibiotics parenterally, of which half (50.4%) performed injections at home or in the dormitory. Up to 89.2% of respondents consider it necessary to use medications to restore the intestinal microflora against the back-ground of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions. Despite the high awareness of the problem of antibiotic resistance and adherence to medical recommendations regarding the use of antibiotics, it is necessary to increase the competence in the field of rational antibiotic therapy for both students and practitioners.

The development of biomedical research based on predictive, preventive and personalized medicine has served as a challenge to the formation and rapid development of a novel interdisciplinary scientific area — biobanking, the main goal of which is the long-term proper storage of biological samples and related data for use in scientific and clinical research. Qualified personnel, along with the creation and development of biobank infrastructure, provide high-quality results required for biomedicine. Education and training must reflect the changing scope of knowledge and adapt to biobanking challenges. In this regard, there is an increasing need to develop and implement educational programs for staff working in and managing biobanks, as well as researchers, doctors and students who are not familiar with this area, but plan research using bioresources. The aim of this review is to present an analysis of the main biobanking directions and training programs in the world and in Russia in order to assess the existing problems and needs.

According to official medical statistics, liver fluke infections caused by Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, are reported annually in the Southeast Asia, European countries and the Russian Federation. These infections are the main cause of digestive system diseases in the population of endemic regions. The aim of the review is to analyze the findings of epidemiological studies and to assess the relationship between liver and bile duct cancer and Opisthorchiidae liver fluke infections.Materials and methods. The authors reviewed original studies published in 1974–2019 via the MEDLINE databases and the eLIBRARY scientific digital library.Results. The studies have shown that cholangiocarcinoma is a significant medical and social problem in the trematode-endemic areas of Southeast Asia due to the absence of specific symptoms, long asymptomatic course, resistance to therapy and high mortality of patients. Long-term infection caused by trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis is associated with a significant risk of developing cholangiocellular cancer. An epidemiological multicenter study is required to establish the relationship between the Opisthorchis felineus infection and cholangiocarcinoma in the population of endemic regions in the Russian Federation.

There is an increase in the prevalence of chronic, noncommunicable diseases, including allergic and autoimmune diseases in developed countries. In this regard, the study of factors modifying the population’s immune response is very important.According to the “old friends” hypothesis , insufficiency of infectious stimulation and decrease in prevalence of helminthiasis are associated with development of noncommunicable diseases. Studies revealed that intestinal parasites modulate the host immune response and alter susceptibility to immunological diseases. It is suggested that one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of immune response modulation by parasites is an increase in the content of gastrointestinal bacteria with anti-inflammatory effect. Advanced technologies of microorganism identification provide a deep insight into the microbiota in different pathologies. The study of changes in the intestine and bile microbiota of the host in helminthiases provides new possibilities for prevention, diagnosis and control of such conditions as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze current experimental and clinical data on intestinal microbiota in helminth infections and possible association with development of chronic noncommunicable diseases.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases (RD). In some cases, their long-term use is advisable: NSAIDs slow the progression of spondylarthritis, are an important element in the control of chronic pain in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the risk of serious adverse events (AE) should be considered. A good choice for long-term therapy may be amtolmetin guacil (AMG), which rarely induce gastrointestinal AE. The aim of the study was to assess the effect and safety of long-term use of AMG in RD. Material and methods. An open observational study was conducted in which AMG (Nayzilat) was assigned to 442 patients with OA (mean age 60.6±10.2 years, women 88.7%), 126 patients with RA (55.0±14.0 years, women 84.2%) and 73 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS, 47.0±12.0 years, women 30.0%). The dose of AMG depended on the clinical situation and was determined by the attending physician: from 1800 to 600 mg/day. The main criterion of the effect was the changes of pain by numeric rating scale (NRS), additional measures of efficacy were pain on the WOMAC and HAQ for OA, DAS28 for RA, BASDAI, BASFI and ASDAS-CRP for AS. The result of treatment was evaluated during three consecutive visits every 3 months (9 months of follow-up). Results and discussion. At the end of follow-up 65.2% of patients with OA, 75.3% of patients with RA and 82.2% of patients with AS continued treatment with AMG. The reasons for discontinuation of treatment were significant reduction or absence of pain (70.3%), the patient's decision (26.6%) or AE (3.1%). At the end of follow-up, there was a significant decrease in pain intensity compared to the baseline: in OA, the median pain decreased from 5.6 [4.1; 6.9] to 3.4 [1.7; 5.1], in RA from 5.8 [4.0; 7.5] to 3.4 [2.0; 4.8], in AS from 5.8 [4.2; 7.5] to 3.1 [1.5; 5.0] according to NRS, the difference was significant in all groups (p3.5) decreased from 76.9 to 25.8% (p

Metabolic syndrome is a common pathological condition based on an increase of the mass of visceral fat, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, carbohydrate, lipid and protein disorders. The natural course of the metabolic syndrome can be affected by the presence of intercurrent diseases connected with metabolic disorder, and helminthic infections are among them. This review presents an analysis of the results of current epidemiological and experimental studies of metabolic syndrome and abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism associated with helminth infections.

Hen’s egg allergy is one of the most common problems in pediatrics. This pathology is associated with severe clinical manifestations, often with a risk of anaphylactic reactions. This review presents current data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation, as well as aspects of the natural history and management of hen’s egg allergy. The paper will provide data on allergenic proteins of hen’s egg, including data on structure, physicochemical properties, IgE-binding capacity, and cross-reactivity. Finally, practical information about egg allergy and immunization will be presented.

The severity of the disease is the main factor for further treatment. Bronchoobstructive syndrome of children is widespread. Early detection of the disease severity and correct treatment eliminate the clinical manifestation of the syndrome and improve the quality of patients life. Criteria of severity, as a rule, serve a certain set of clinical and paraclinical parameters used for different nosological forms. In particular, the decrease in parameters of the function of external respiration is the “gold standard” for assessing the severity. Lung function tests for preschoolers are limited. Clinical respiratory scales may be useful in the evaluation of preschooler. Alternative assessment respiratory function is sometimes used as clinical scale. Numerous studies devoted to the objective assessment of bronchial obstruction syndrome severity. A scientific literature review is dedicated to the analysis to the assessment of the bronchoobstructive syndrome severity degree and the effectiveness of therapy at preschool-aged children.

Peach is notable for its drought resistance as well as sensibility to moisture conditions. Therefore, improvement of breeding material and development of drought-resistant varieties can be numbered among our most pressing tasks. The object of research was 39 peach hybrid forms developed at Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Throughout the research period the total water content in the leaves of hybrid forms amounted to 50.2-58.9%. The water deficit in leaves ranged from 11.2 to 25.9%. In the process of wilting the leaves of peach hybrid forms lost 26.4-39.8% of moisture content within 24 hours. High regeneration capacity of leaf surface (up to 86.2%) was observed in 3 early and 5 midripening forms. This research allowed us to identify hybrid forms with high drought tolerance, including 5 early-, 4 mid- and 1 late-ripening forms.

The purpose of this paper is to perform the pilot review of the official medical statistics on reported Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) infection and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in Russian Federation, covering the period 2011–2013.Materials and methods. Statistical data collected from 81 regions of Russia, reflecting the incidence of opisthorchiasis over a period from the 1st of January 2011 to the 31st of December 2013 was analyzed. The analysis of official health statistics of malignant hepatic lesions and intrahepatic bile duct was conducted in 82 regions of Russia over the same period. The data was obtained from the annual reports of the Russian center of information technologies and epidemiological studies in the field of oncology.Results. The average annual incidence of O. felineus was 24,7 ± 9,0 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was observed in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast and Novosibirsk Oblast. We did not observe any significant change in O. felineus infection rates within last 20 years. However, we found that infection incidence had increased in some geographical units of Western Siberia. The incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers was 4,8 ± 0,2 cases per 100,000 population; the highest rate was reported in Far East regions, Siberia and Volgograd Oblast. This study documents the importance of opisthorchiasis in certain endemic areas and presents the best available data on associations between O. felineus infection and liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers in endemic areas of Russian Federation.

Introduction. Currently, clinical trials (CT) remain the only technology, which provides proof of efficacy and safety of new drugs and their subsequent release to the market. Medical researcher and informed consent (IC) are the main (and often the only) source of information for the patient about the upcoming clinical trials, and thus have a direct impact on the perception of clinical trials, and on the patient’s decision about participation. However, the degree of influence of these factors on the clinical trials participants still remains unclear.Materials and methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in different cities of the Russian Federation. Patients who had previous experience in CTs (or were enrolled in a CT at the time of this study) were asked to complete a questionnaire.Results. To assess the impact of researcher, all respondents were divided into 2 groups: patients that acquainted with IC in collaboration with the researcher, and the other group, which reviewed IC form independently. We evaluated the importance of the factors influencing the decision-making process on participation in clinical trials. According to our data, the most important factors were professional monitoring services (3,72 ± 1,00), regular condition monitoring (3,66 ± 0,98), and better medical care (3,62 ± 1,00). These factors were evaluated at significantly lower score by group of patients that acquainted with IC together with the researcher (3,55 ±0,94, vs 4,01 ± 0,90, p = 0,002; 3,52 ± 1,01 vs 3,87 ± 0,90, p = 0,040; 3,49 ± 0,94, vs 3,83 ± 1,06, p = 0,020 respectively). In assessing the factors that had negative impact on the interest in participating in a clinical trial, the most significant were risk of side effects (3,01 ± 1,27), study of new medication (2,68 ± 1,21), and the risk of getting into the placebo group (2,64 ± 1,34) (so-called “objective” risk factors). At the same time, risk of side effects and risk of getting into the placebo group were also assessed at significantly lower score by group of patients that acquainted with IC together with the researcher (2,87 ± 1,28, vs 3,33 ± 1,17, p = 0,024; 2,51 ±1,25, vs 3,03 ± 1,34, p = 0,022 respectively). Furthermore, it was found that in the case of the researcher’s assistance acquaintance time with IC reduced threefold. We also evaluated the effect of the complexity of IC text on the decision-making process on participation in clinical trials. The group of respondents, who rated the IC as easy, appeared to be more interested in the final results of the study.Conclusion. Thus, when assessing the impact of the researcher on the review process of informed consent with the decision to participate in clinical trials, we found that in the case of assistance of the researcher, the acquaintance time with IC is reduced three times. In addition, this group of patients during the conversation with the researcher shows better and more clear understanding of the nature and general methodology of clinical trials, resulting in an adequate assessment “objective” risk factors for participation in clinical trials. Thus, this group of patients is more informed, compared with an “independent” group. According to the study “Face to Face”, we can recommend mandatory participation of a researcher during review process of the IC.

In recent years a great attention is paid to the study of such an immune phenomenon, as a syndrome of cross-reactivity. It is already proved that often the clinical manifestations of food allergy are not linked to the product of the power supply, but can be caused by pollen of plants. The possibilities of modern diagnostics allow us not only to determine the type of sensitization, but also identify the «guilty» protein allergen-trigger. This article discusses the possible clinical manifestations of food allergy, due to the cross-reactions as between related, and taxonomically not related allergens. The algorithm of forecasting of severity of clinical reactions, as well as a list of proteins, the most often involved in the reactions of intersection is given.

The aim was to estimate the epidemiological and pathogenetic correlation between allergic diseases and opisthorchiasis in the population of Tomsk and the Tomsk Region. The program was a cross-sectional epidemiological snap study based on two samples: village inhabitants ( n = 201; mean age 12,1 ± 3,4) and Tomsk inhabitants ( n = 196; mean age 30,16 ± 12,86). The epidemiological, clinical, parasitological, allergological, immunological, and statistical methods were used in the study. It has been found that allergic diseases affected about 40.9% of village patients with opisthorchiasis and 26,1% people without parasites ( р < 0.05). For Tomsk inhabitants, this proportion was 54,5 and 52,6%.