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Relevance. Dental caries, according to World Health Organization, is one of the most common diseases in children throughout the world. In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment, the carious process can affect not only the efficiency of chewing function, but also speech, smile and, as a consequence, psychosocial adaptation, as well as the quality of life of the child and family. Despite the fact that the etiological factors have been well known for many years, reducing the number of teeth affected by caries in children still remains an urgent task. This article is a review of information sources about the prevalence, etiology and integrated approach to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of dental caries in children. The authors analyzed scientific data in the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary. Conclusion . Based on the literature review, a number of modern trends were identified that define a series of key hypotheses that summarize the accumulated material and confirm the prospects and relevance of the problem. The goal is to help clinicians recognize common patterns of caries in children and make appropriate decisions regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of carious lesions, taking into account available methods, materials, knowledge, age and patient history. It is also important to create a comfortable and safe environment during the appointment, as unfamiliarity with a new physical interaction can provoke anxiety as a standard response to uncertainty, which often results in childhood dental phobia, contributing to behavioral resistance to return visits. In general, based on the analysis, we can conclude that the use of an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment has great potential for achieving better results in working with dental patients of early and preschool age, the development and improvement of which should remain a priority to ensure more complete and effective treatment of children and maintaining their health in the long term.

Previously we proposed a new reconnaissance method for estimating the total abundance of small mammals in urban areas. The method includes placing plastic bottles with bait inside equal distances apart. In this research we examined two ways to improve the method: using bottles of smaller volume (0,25 liters instead of 0,5 liters) to increase the ergonomics and using opaque bottles to make them more attractive for animals. Bigger and smaller bottles with neck diameter of 38 mm were fastened in pairs which were set in a transect with a fi ve-meter spacing. The same was done with pairs of opaque and transparent bottles. A bait (rye bread with unrefi ned sunfl ower oil) was put into all the bottles. During the following days we recorded animals’ visits into the bottles. It was found out that there are no signifi cant diff erences in how often animals attend bottles of 0,25 liters and 0,5 liters, the same results were received for both transparent and opaque bottles. Thus, the simple method for estimating abundance of small mammals may be optimized by using smaller bottles, the colour of which is not important.

Orheiul Vechi is one of the most attractive cultural sites in the Republic of Moldova and one of the most frequently discussed. The density of sites and the continuity of living in this space has made Orheiul Vechi attractive for the multidisciplinary research since 1946. In the context of preparing the dossier for the inscription of the historic-cultural and natural landscape reserve “Or-heiul Vechi” into the World Heritage List, a series of studies have been carried out in the last two decades. Some of these scientific approaches include non-invasive surveys in various areas of the reservation. Thus, in this article, all the results of magnetometric surveys carried out by a Moldovan-Romanian-Ger¬man team in 2009-2014, have been presented for the first time. The surveys confirmed a number of archaeological situations already known and facilitated new discoveries that should be developed in the coming years.

This article is a continuation of the review of software for storing, processing and analysing data from camera traps. The review includes the latest software for processing data from camera traps that have appeared in recent years, as well as some already outdated solutions. For the first time, the topics of work of such software with video files and GIS are highlighted in Russian. We provide detailed descriptions of such thematic software as SpeedyMouse, TrophyRoom, ViXeN, camtrapR, CPW Photo Warehouse, Wild.ID, Camelot and ZSL CTAP. We briefly reviewed online services for camera trap data processing and web applications: eMammal, Snapshot Serengeti, Agouti, Western Shield, TRAPPER, as well as the global data repository for camera traps data – Wildlife Insights. The possibilities of working with camera traps in GIS are separately considered: e.g. plugins for QGIS (Geotag and Import Photos and eVis), as well as the GeoTagged Photos to Points tool for ArcGIS. Many advantages and disadvantages of the presented solutions, as well as some methods of working with them, are analysed. On the example of own studies in the Central Forest Nature Biosphere Reserve (Russia) a comparative analysis of various programs and approaches in the use of camera traps as a method of zoological studies was conducted. In addition, general recommendations were given on working with them for other Protected Areas. We identified the key characteristics of the programs for working with camera traps that are worth paying attention to when choosing a particular solution. For all of these software packets, there are hyperlinks for their free download, as well as hyperlinks to user manuals and tutorials. The purpose of the article was not only to identify the most optimal (from author's viewpoint) tools for working with the data of camera traps, but also to acquaint readers with the diversity of such means in world practice.

An overview of the main problems in collection, storage, processing and analysis of data obtained by camera traps is conducted. Basing on reviewed national papers related to this theme, the conclusion is drawn that there is need for a detailed description of methodological approaches and tools for data processing in national studies. The most common software among foreign researchers for camera trap data processing in biodiversity studies and conservation projects is presented. An overview of thematic software such as Photospread, Aardwolf, CameraTrapManager, MapView, CameraBase and DeskTEAM is provided. Advantages and disadvantages, as well as working methods are detailed in the study. The principles of image metadata storage, methods of extraction and processing are considered. Comparative analysis of the different software and approaches to use camera traps as a method of zoological research are provided. General recommendations regarding their use in protected areas are provided, illustrated by studies conducted in the Central Forest Reserve. The key characteristics of software for camera traps that should be considered when choosing a specific solution are identified. Primary characteristics are the ability to import all image metadata, quick and easy tagging, export to the majority of formats. Wishes to improve and discuss methodological approaches among national researchers are expressed. Despite a large variety of available technical means, the need to develop national software for working with camera trap data is separately noted. All listed software items are provided with download hyperlinks, and user's manual hyperlinks.

Key points of using non-invasive methods for evaluating myocardial ischemia (exercise electrocardiogram, stress echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography and myocardial perfusion imaging with stress-test) in clinical practice to determine the functional significance of intermediate coronary artery stenoses (50-70% of the vascular lumen) are discussed in the review.