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Sports ballroom dancing is a group of paired dances that are divided into two directions, “Latin” and standard, and, as a rule, were performed at balls held in large rooms covered with parquet. Dances are divided into elite (historikohousehold) and folk, characterized by several differences. Ballroom dances are paired, a man and a woman form a couple, as well as two women (“lady and lady”) and two men (“man and man”). In addition to doubles, there are single competitions “Solo Ladies”, where ladies perform dances without a partner. Ballroom dancing or dance sports has become very popular among young people in recent decades. Ballroom dancing has noticeably rejuvenated, attracting children, juniors and students to its ranks. Practicing sports and ballroom dancing requires development of all the muscles of the human body, the respiratory system, trains coordination and a sense of rhythm. Athletes, in addition to dancing, are actively engaged in special physical training, without which they will not be able to achieve high results.

The content of total mercury in organs and tissues (brain, muscles, kidneys, and liver) has been studied in common shrew and in common vole, living in different geomorphological regions of the Vologda Oblast. Mercury content is statistically significantly higher (2–5 times) in common shrew than in common vole. In common shrew, average mercury content (μg/g dry weight) decreases in the series: kidneys (0.158 ± 0.016) > liver (0.086 ± 0.01) > muscles (0.084 ± 0.011) > brain (0.059 ± 0.006); in common vole, kidneys (0.026 ± 0.003) > brain (0.024 ±0.004) > muscles (0.016 ±0.003) > liver (0.013 ± 0.002). Mercury content in organs of common shrew and of common vole, caught in the western geomorphological region with high swampiness and a large number of lakes, is statistically significantly higher (2–3 times) comparing to those captured in the eastern geomorphological region with a developed river network.

The content of Fe, As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd in the muscles of some aquatic organism species from the Sea of Okhotsk waters of Northeastern Sakhalin was estimated: walleye pollack (Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814), longhead dab (Limanda proboscidea Gilbert, 1896) and Bering flounder (Hippoglossoides robustus Gill & Townsend, 1897), snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio (O.Fabricius, 1788)). The concentrations of Fe and Cu are reliably higher in the snow crab, in contrast to fish, and Pb concentration is higher in fish relative to the snow crab. There was no difference in the content of trace elements between the flounders and snow crab, and in relation to the walleye pollock, the snow crab has reliably higher concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Hg and lower ones of Pb. The content of Fe is higher in the flounders compared to the walleye pollack. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Hg are safe according to the hygienic requirements for food products and may indirectly indicate a favorable environmental situation in terms of the content of regulated toxic elements in the waters of Northeastern Sakhalin.

Introduction Multifactoriality in the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) requires an integrated approach to diagnosis, while the regular examination of patients is limited to radiography, computed tomography without a detailed analysis of the data obtained on the state of the musculoskeletal system. The problem of complex diagnosis of IS is practically not covered by the literature including the syndromic approach to the rationale for the method of treatment and rehabilitation. Purpose of the study To define the concept of "syndromocomplex" of idiopathic scoliosis based on the study of the state of the spine, muscles, proximal femur, bone mineral density (BMD), mineral metabolism and bone metabolism using current diagnostic methods. Materials and methods The state of the spine (300 patients), proximal femur (57 patients), paravertebral (40 patients) and gluteal muscles (60 patients of the main group and 40 of the control group) were studied using the method of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), densitometry – BMD (40 patients of the main and 40 of control one), mineral metabolism and bone metabolism were studied by biochemical methods in 55 patients with IS. Results and discussion The study of patients with idiopathic scoliosis at different ages and with different grades of deformities in various parts of the musculoskeletal system revealed pronounced disorders in the shape of the vertebrae, including an increase in the frontal diameter, wedge shape with a significant difference in density along the convex and concave sides, structural changes in the vertebrae, manifested in a decrease in density, the presence of rarefaction zones, areas of maximum density at the top of the deformity, malnutrition and fatty degeneration of the paravertebral and gluteal muscles, a decrease in BMD, a decrease in the density of the femoral head, impaired mineral metabolism and bone metabolism. Conclusion Severe disorders in the shape, X-ray morphological changes in the vertebrae, malnutrition and fatty degeneration of the paravertebral and gluteal muscles, concomitant changes in BMD, hip joint, mineral metabolism and bone metabolism, are included in the concept of "syndromocomplex” of idiopathic scoliosis, underlie the tactical concept for diagnosis, treatment and further rehabilitation measures for patients with severe forms of scoliosis.

Abstract. Early sports specialization, increased professional load, technical complexity of motor elements, lack of adequate means of rehabilitation in the training process have become the main triggers in the emergence of MNPS. The aim of the study was to study the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations and development of the etiological system of treatment of cervical myofascial pain in the absence of actual organic pathology of the spine. Promising treatment is the use of reflexology. Effects of reflexology: analgesia, psychiatric (depression, sedation), nutrition, recovery, muscle relaxation. Conclusions: Athletes are mainly characterized by pain in the muscles that provide static work, as well as different options for the distribution of MNPS, depending on the sport. The upper and lower extremities are involved in performing active motor functions characteristic of sports. In general, local symptoms of pain were observed in 52.5% of athletes, and common - in 40.6%. At the same time, MNPS was most common in 63.4% of cases of cervical wrestlers and 58.4% of cases of lumbosacral region; in athletes, the development of myofascial disorders increases the bioelectrical activity of muscles at rest; Athletes with common symptoms have reduced control processes in the central nervous system [1]. It is characterized by an increase in multisynaptic reflex excitability at the level of the brain stem; emotional disorders in athletes in the presence of myofascial pain are characteristic in the presence of the third stage of the pathological process; the occurrence of general symptoms of MNPS according to the study leads to an increase in the average time of sensorimotor response, deterioration of motor processes and increased fatigue when performing a series of tests; MNPS treatment, which includes reflexology and PIR programs based on clinical and instrumental studies, significantly improves the athlete's condition during 12 months of follow-up.

The content of Fe, As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg and Cd in the muscles and gonads of the Pacific capelin sampled in 2020 in the coastal waters of the southwestern part of Sakhalin Island was estimated. The highest content of As is noted in muscles, Mn – in fish eggs, Hg – in muscles and milt. The content of trace elements in fish muscles and gonads decreases in the range Fe–Cd or Hg. The concentrations of normalized toxic elements Pb, Cd, As and Hg in the muscles and gonads of the Pacific capelin are safe according to hygienic requirements for food products. The data obtained indirectly indicate a favorable ecological situation in terms of the content of normalized toxic elements in the waters near southwest Sakhalin.

The purpose of the research is determination of optimal muscle tissue areas for confirmation of diagnosis in the lynx by trichinelloscopy.Materials and methods. The distribution of Trichinella sp. larvae were studied in spontaneously infected lynxes by the trichinelloscopy method when examining 72 sections in a compressorium. In addition to calculating the total number of isolated larvae and the percentage in muscles, we recalculated per 1 g of animal muscles and performed morphometry of the area and perimeter of Trichinella sp. capsules from various muscles, and calculated the ratio of the capsule length and width, and the M value (arithmetic mean): the area of the capsule and its perimeter. We determined the percentage ratio of the larva size to the capsule and the position in the myosymplast using the Vision Bio system (Epi 2014). The results were statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel software package. The larvae were photographed directly from the screen with digital signal processed by the Vision Bio system (Epi 2014).Results and discussion. It has been found that the capsules in the muscles are more often rounded (90% of all Trichinella sp. have a length-to-width ratio of 1.1 : 1). However, there are also oval capsules, the largest number of which was recorded in the masticatory muscles (33% of the total capsules in the masticatory muscles). When studying the selective expansion of larvae, it was found that the masticatory muscles, tongue, diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles were the most populated. Conclusion. We identified high prevalence and intensity of infection in the lynx, which indicates not only the epizootic significance of the lynx in the spread of trichinellosis in the Kirov Region, but also its epidemiological significance as a source of infection. Due to the fact that the meat of this animal is eaten and there is a risk of human infection, it is necessary to examine the carcasses of these animals for trichinellosis by the compressor trichinelloscopy method or by the peptolysis method.

Purpose of the article. To reveal the specifics of physicality as an important component of artistic skill and to determine promising approaches to the development of artistic actions at the present stage of professional training of opera singers. The research methodology consists of the use of typological, structural-typological, and comparative methods to study modern approaches to the development of artistic actions in opera and vocal performance, the relationship between body movement and sound movement, and six types of intellectual skills that an opera singer should have are analyzed. Research novelty. The specificity of opera and vocal performance in the context of the development of artistic corporality as an important component of professional skill and the definition of the latest methods and approaches in the stage creativity of an opera singer is considered. Conclusions. Based on the study of the process of the development of the bodily expression of an opera singer, it was found that the problem lies in the disharmony between vocal performance and physical movements in the process of solo singing. It is noted that the relationship between different fields of art - dance, music, theater, and somatic therapy should complement each other in favor of a common goal - training that unites voice, body, lyrics, and music. Modern curricula for the preparation of opera singers should include exercises developed from theatrical technique, somatic therapy, and dance practice, taking into account the latest research in neurobiology. In our opinion, they will help a better understanding of the body and the relationship between body and sound, and expand the artistic and expressive abilities of the future opera artist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of human nutrition has become increasingly important as an effective element in the prevention and treatment of many pathologies, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. High protein diets are some of the most popular eating patterns and the Dukan diet has taken the lead in popularity among the diets of this type. An increase of protein in the diet is effective in reducing body weight, primarily due to the loss of adipose tissue, without a significant effect on muscle mass. Another advantage of a high-protein diet is earlier and longer satiety compared to other diets, which makes it comfortable for use. Besides obesity, high protein diets are presumably effective for treating such diseases as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases However, despite the important advantages, this nutritional model is not universal and is contraindicated in patients with diseases of liver, kidneys and osteoporosis. Besides, the prolonged use of a high protein diet may increase the risks of urolithiasis and reduced mineral bone density even for healthy individuals. Thus, the increase in the proportion of protein in the diet should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

Objective: the purpose of the research was to study of different types of spinal inhibition when performing voluntary movements in persons doing increasing intensity graded physical exercises sports. Materials and methods: 45 male took part in the research. Presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents of soleus was evaluated using the technique of Y. Mizuno et al., nonreciprocal inhibition of α-motoneurons - by E. Pierrot-Deseilligny et al, and reciprocal inhibition of α-motoneurons - by C. Crone et al., in the state of relative muscular rest and during a 30-second isometric contraction with a force of 25% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using the multijoint medical-diagnostic complex «Biodex». Results: it was established that weakening of inhibitory processes occurred in comparison with the state of relative muscular rest in the course of a 30-second isometric contraction; this pattern is related to the specificity of supraspinal excitatory and inhibitory effects on Ia and Ib interneurons in the spinal cord when performing a voluntary movement. The voluntary movement performed for 30 seconds was accompanied by an increased activity of the presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents of foot flexor, unlike reciprocal and nonreciprocal inhibition. Conclusions: the voluntary movement presynaptic inhibition must be actively regulating the excess afferent input to α-motoneurons of agonist and antagonist lower leg muscles, accelerating nonreciprocal and reciprocal inhibitory effects rendered on them, providing normal motor activity in man. New data derived from such research can be a theoretical basis for the study of physiological patterns of involvement of cortical and spinal neuronal inhibition networks underlying motor tasks of different complexity in athletes.

Quantitative analysis of skeletal muscles in cerebral palsy is an important but unsolved problem. Ultrasound elastography is a group of diagnostic methods that allow visualizing tissue stiffness, measuring and displaying biomechanical properties of tissues. The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic analysis of literature on ultrasound elastography of skeletal muscles in children with cerebral palsy.A literary search for keywords in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY was carried out. The inclusion criteria were nosology (cerebral palsy), age (up to 18 years) and the study design (original study in ultrasound elastography of the skeletal muscler), as well as the availability of detailed information about the technical issues, demographic and clinical data.The final analysis included 20 publications. Patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were most often studied, with the healthy side used as a control, shear wave elastography was used more often, in which both share wave velocity and shear modulus were assessed, and linear probes were used more often. The most frequent anatomical objects were the calf muscles. Most often, elastography was used to assess the results of botulinum therapy, and demonstrated an increase in muscle elasticity after treatment.Ultrasound elastography as a method od assessment of the mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in children with cerebral palsy cannot be considered suitable as a routine study at the moment. But the method showed promising results for the research purposes: all the publications we analyzed demonstrated significant difference in elastography indicators both when comparing with unaffected limb or with healthy controls. Positive changes were also detected after various therapeutic interventions aimed to reducing muscle tone and retraction e. g. botulinum toxin injections.The absence of a unified approach to muscle elastography in children with cerebral palsy was demonstrated, both for data obtaining and interpretation. In general, ultrasound elastography of the skeletal muscles in children with cerebral palsy is a promising method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of muscle tissue that requires further development. Improvement of technology, standardization of technique and measurements will further expand the usage of this method.

The article discusses a multifactorial approach to the restoration of muscle volume and rehabilitation of football players after sports injuries, which includes the implementation of electric myostimulation in a magnetic field in combination with the effect of electromagnetic radiation of the visible or infrared spectrum on muscles and the area of injury. Comparative studies were carried out in two groups of footballers in rehabilitation after ankle injury rehabilitation. The medical rehabilitation of the players of the 1st group was carried out according to the protocol approved in the center: the MIT-FM apparatus, the protocol for the implementation of rehabilitation provides for the implementation of drug treatment and physiotherapeutic procedures based on the combined use of therapy with electromagnetic waves of the red, blue and infrared spectral range with a power of 50 mW in a pulsed magnetic field of intensity 30 mT and a pulse repetition rate of 9.4 Hz. In group 2, the rehabilitation of footballers after injuries of the lower extremities was carried out according to the protocol developed by the authors: sequential connection of the rehabilitation protocol of the first group and combined magneto-photo electric myostimulation of muscles with myotonic impulses, with a pulse repetition rate of 9.4 Hz. The repetition period of the packs of impulses is 8 seconds with the duty cycle of repetition of the packs of impulses 2. The current strength was set individually for each patient - until the appearance of visible muscle contractions. Muscle photostimulation was performed with electromagnetic radiation of red (wavelength 0.63 μm, power 30 mW), blue (wavelength 0.45 μm, power 30 mW) and infrared (wavelength 0.75 μm, power 50 mW) spectral ranges in constant magnetic field (intensity 30 mT). The first electrode is placed on the muscle's innervation zone. The second electrode provides a combined effect of electrical impulses and optical flux in a constant magnetic field on the abdomen of the muscle according to the labile technique. The time of one procedure was 40 minutes. The number of procedures for a course of treatment is 15. As a result, the analysis of the data obtained (assessment of the quality of life according to the extended table SF-36) revealed a positive dynamics of clinical manifestations in both groups. The main result of the research is the development of a protocol for the rehabilitation of football players after injuries of the lower extremities based on the use of drug treatment, physiotherapy procedures based on the combined use of therapy with electromagnetic waves of the blue and infrared spectrum in a constant magnetic field in combination with muscle electrostimulation, which has a higher level rehabilitation potential versus applicable footballerІ rehabilitation protocols.

Introduction: Instrumentalists are exposed to numerous musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD – Playing Related Musculoskeletal Disorders) or pain (PRP - Playing Related Pain). This condition is an effect of performance requirements, numerous rehearsals and stress. Musicians often underestimate the pain and the first symptoms of the overloads that their body sends them. They usually continue to practice for many hours a day, which only enlarges the damage of tissues. Unfortunately, this approach brings them closer to disability and exclusion from their profession. Aims: Overview of the latest research on concerting musicians. Gathering information on the etiology and epidemiology of PRMD and PRP among instrumentalists. Material and methods: This overview is based on studies from PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar's databases. In order to identify the relevant publications, the search was carried out using a combination of keywords: "musicians", "pain", "muscles". After applying the exclusion criteria, 16 assessed works were selected for the review. Results: The frequency of musculoskeletal disorders related to playing a musical instrument may reach 60%, up to over 80% [1,11,14,25,31-33]. The etiology of these dysfunctions should be associated with the repetitive movements of the upper limbs, either in uncomfortable positions assumed at work or in the specific posture of the body during the performance. One should also remember about the psychological aspect, which is important in understanding the mechanism of overloading and prolonged persistence of pain among musicians. An overview of the literature showed that musculoskeletal disorder concerned women more often than men. The group of instruments that were connected with more frequent occurrence of pain were violins/violas and wind instruments. The most frequently affected body areas were: neck, back, and upper limbs. The information shown above is able to speed up diagnostics as well as proper therapy for professional musicians, which will contribute to their faster recovery. It should also indicate the direction for future research on the prevention of the abovementioned disorders and the ergonomics of the musician profession. Conclusions: Professional musicians are a group particularly exposed to the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders associated with playing an instrument, due to the specific requirements of their work. Looking at the high prevalence of these disorders, it can be concluded that the knowledge about the etiology and the prevention of overload and pain is small, and the instrumentalists themselves do not seek help from specialists. Further research in the above-discussed problem is essential to enhance prevention and ergonomics of musician profession.

Poultry meat is considered the most complete and dietary, compared to other types of meat that are traditionally used in Ukraine. So the cultivation of organic poultry without antibiotics, growth stimulants, on clean feed should be a profitable and economically attractive direction. Natural prophylactic preparations for organic poultry farming were tested and their impact on the quality of the products obtained was assessed. Proposed use for organic cultivation of meat-egg breed of chickens, because males can be grown "for meat", and chickens to get egg productivity. A probiotic preparation was compared with the «Bacteriosan» postbiotic. The applied biological preparations successfully prevented diseases of chickens during organic farming, and are an effective alternative to antibiotics. The meat of chickens separated by sex was examined. The results of studies of the chemical composition of meat of cockerels and chickens showed that it corresponds to the proper characteristics of chicken meat. The chemical composition of the meat of cockerels was more stable and practically did not differ in research groups, therefore, the effect of the tested drugs on the quality of meat was not established. Mass fraction of protein, fat and moisture in the meat of chickens differed both in the experimental groups and from the meat of the cockerels. The concentration of macro and microelements in the muscles of organic chickens from the control and experimental groups did not exceed the maximum allowable levels. However, a slightly better assimilation of microelements occurred in the first experimental group of chickens who were drinking probiotic preparation. Thus, the results of the study of the chemical composition of muscle tissue indicate a more intensive metabolism of proteins, fats, and this in turn affects the mineral and water metabolism in the body of the chickens of the experimental groups. The use of prophylactic drugs, such as probiotic based on Lactobacillus plantarum strain and the postbiotic «Bacteriosan», has a positive effect on the productivity of poultry, as well as on the qualitative characteristics of chicken, in particular, improving the protein content of meat.

Background. The introduction of morphine to the body is followed by numerous metabolic violations. They are both shifts in the functioning of key neuromediator systems of the brain and visceral pathologies. Complex assessment of these violations will enable to create a complete idea of mechanisms of the formation of morphine intoxication with its subsequent metabolic correction. Purpose. Assessment of contribution of the central and peripheral metabolic violations to the formation of morphine intoxication. Material and methods. The complex research of components of the main neuromediator systems in various departments of the brain as well as indicators of glycolysis and a pentose phosphate pathway in the liver and muscles of rats in the main manifestations of morphine intoxication (acute, chronic) and a morphine withdrawal was conducted. Results. The signs of violation of catecholamine neuromediation in thalamic area and midbrain which manifest in three-four weeks after intoxication are revealed. In acute morphine intoxication the activation of glycolysis in the liver and skeletal muscles is noted. In chronic intoxication and withdrawal the effects of morphine manifest in the form of inhibited metabolism of glucose in the studied tissues. Conclusions. There are central and peripheral metabolic mechanisms of formation of morphine intoxication. The received data have important practical value and contribute significantly to understanding biological mechanisms of formation of this disease. These results can be theoretical justification for elaboration of methods of effective diagnostics and treatment of morphine addiction.

Our literature review analyzes the available studies on the effect of long- and short-term lumbo-sacral orthotic (LSO) treatment on the muscles of the back. We reviewed the existing diagnostic approaches to evaluation of muscle changes, including surface EMG, measurements of muscle strength and tolerance, and findings on muscle ultrasound study. It has been revealed that none of the available works confirmed a significant negative effect of LSO, both by shortand long-term application, or atrophic changes in the muscles. Thus, we may conclude that there are no significant data on the effect of the LSO treatment on the main parameters that are measured and reflect spinal muscles weakness and/or atrophy.

Detailed analytical study of pathologic changes that would display features of the damaged tissues condition at the traumatic osteomyelitis (TO) combined with trophic disorders are important for treatment tactics. Objective: to determine the frequency and correlations between clinical and morphometric parameters on the basis of the graded morphometric analysis of changes that occur in the injured tissues in patients with tibia TO and crural tissues with trophic disorders. Methods: fragments of the damaged crural tissues (bone, soft tissues, skin) from 38 patients with TO were studied. We used: clinical examination and determined the degree of trophic disorders; visualising methods, histologic research with morphometric parameters estimations, the analysis of correlations between clinical and morphometric parameters. Results: trophic disorders in extremity tissues (bone, soft tissues, muscles, skin) which were observed at TO, represented a complex of pathological changes: ischemic, necrotic, dystrophic, atrophic, inflammatory, reparative which combined in various proportions. The closest correlations of morphometric parameters were found with such clinical indicators as «gender», «type of fracture» and «term of the latest debridement». Conclusions: аt TO of the tibia, combined with trophic disorders, some correlations between clinical and morphometric parameters of involved extremity tissues were found. The revealed dependences are important for evaluation of tissue damage grade by known clinical indicators values that should promote predicting of disease course and its consequences, planning of medical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech disorders have been examined in the article. Types of speech disorders as well as causes of its emergence from the neuropsychological, speech therapy, pedagogical and psychological points of view, have been studied through theoretical analysis. Nonverbal approach to speech disorders correction has been proposed - body-oriented therapy. Methods of body-oriented therapy have been examined and described. Reich’s body-oriented psychotherapy, that helps to remove blocks from the oral segment, release the jaw, throat and neck clips, as well as F.M. Alexander’s integral movement method, owing to which psychotherapist had cured himself of aphasia, have been presented. Body-oriented methods of massage therapy, articulation and deep face massage, combination of nonverbal and verbal methods via speech synchronization with body movements – fingers of dominant arm have been studied. Techniques of the proposed methods of body-oriented therapy have been described.

A widespread introduction of modern alloplastic materials into the surgical practice has significantly improved the results of surgical treatment of the patients with ventral and postoperative ventral hernia. However, the implantation of synthetic material into the anterior abdominal wall tissues is accompanied by different local reactions, especially when using ‘heavyweight’ meshes that often cause development of complications. The analysis of the results determines the topical issue of this study. Objective. The aim of the study was to conduct a morphometric evaluation of changes in the anterior abdominal wall muscles after the implantation of ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ polypropylene meshes as well as ‘light’ ones in combination with the PRF membrane. Materials and methods. Morphometric study involved analysis of anterior abdominal wall muscles after implantation of ‘heavy’, ‘light’ polypropylene meshes, as well as the ‘light’ ones in combination with the PRF membrane, into the retro-muscular space in light-optical investigation of microslides. The experiments were carried out on 18 mature male Vietnamese pigs, which were divided into 6 groups. Results. In the group of animals 2m significant structural changes of muscles were revealed. The diameter of myocytes increased from (13.50±0.15) to (14.20±0.18) µm. These morphometric parameters statistically significantly (p

The article considers the problems of improvement of physical training of skilled players. The main instrumental method of the research is electromyography. The aim of the research is determination of the optimal angle of the provisions of legs on her hips for the appearance of a maximum of bioelectric activity of the muscles of the front panel hips in exercise unbending legs sitting on the mechanical simulator. In the course of research we have worked for electromyography 10 players of FC Metalist at the age of 19 – 30 years during the five-second of the submaximum contraction of these muscles as: musculus rectus femoris, musculus vastus medialis, musculus vastus lateralis. The results of the analysis of segments of electromyography allowed to make a conclusion, that we investigated the provisions of the angle of 140 degrees has the lowest preconditions for the appearance of muscle strength. We have obtained data testify to the fact that the angle of 90 degrees is the position of the greatest preconditions for the appearance of muscle strength.

The phenomenon of relaxation and tension in motor rehabilitation is investigated. The study involved 59 preschool children with different movement disorders (including children cerebral palsy). It was analysed 18 publications on the issue. Found that both relaxation and tension can be methodically used to improve the efficiency of motor rehabilitation of children by means of physical education and physical therapy. In general methodological relaxation should always be preceded by tension, but depending on the predominant muscle tone (hypertension or hypotension) requires specific methodological transformation of this approach. In addition, not all of the known technology of the muscles can be successfully applied to work with children of preschool age with spastic forms of cerebral palsy.

Research purpose - to estimate the features of application of the modern system of HUBER Motion Lab in making healthy, strengthening of locomotorium of students. In experiments took part 27 students in age 20-26 years (weight 50-87 kg). Influence of the system is appraised on the state of organism, feel, removal of fatigue for students-sportsmen. The prospects of the use of the system are considered for harmonic development of force and co-ordination, making healthy. The features of action of the system are resulted at the simultaneous affecting all of groups of muscles and spine. The increase of power and coordinating indexes of students is marked. A positive subjective estimation is set by the students of the psychoemotional state at the protracted influence of the system. One offered recommendations on the use of the system in renewal of the state of organism after physical loadings.

The aim of this study was evaluating muscles activity at carrying out body drop, lengths of muscles and velocity of changing their lengths. Was used 2D and 3D video analysis. Three participant of Russia female national judo team (age before 23 years) took part in experiment. Has been established at carrying out reception to the right side greatest changes of length are observed at left and right muscle rectus abdominis and right muscle obliquus externus abdominis, middle and lower parts of left muscle gluteus maximus, back parts of left and right muscle deltoideus. The highest velocity of contraction are noticed at muscle obliquus externus abdominis (especially at the right), middle and lower parts of left muscle gluteus maximus and middle part of left muscle deltoideus.

Data are given meaningful totals display of force the muscle groups in athletes in the static mode. Displaying characteristics of muscle groups, hands (7), legs (5), trunk (2).The experiment involved 110 athletes (1-5 years experience training, age - 14-25 years old). Quantitative indicators, which reflect the individual level of informative power trained athletes. The optimum parameters of power qualities of athletes. Recommended use in training of special methods of strength training (isometric, concentric, eccentric, plyometric, isokinetic). In training must take into account the resistance, speed, joint angles, number of repetitions of the same approach.

Specific content of 137Cs in muscles of Rutilus rutilus (L.) of Kanevskoe reservoir, the river Pripyat and cooling-pond of ChNPP investigated depending on weight of the individual during the period from 1998 till 2009. In all series of samples of muscles of R. rutilus from different reservoirs the specific content of 137Cs did not depend on the weight of the individual.

The method of global electromyography has been used for the evaluation of 231 patients aged from 16 to 74 (43,7±0,8) with bilateral osteoarthrosis of major joints of lower extremities I-III degrees before the course of conservative treatment, immediately after the end of conservative treatment and in three months. Conservative treatment of patients with osteoarthrosis of major joints of lower extremities has been shown to cause restructuring of EMG patterns of maximal voluntary muscle contraction in lower extremities accompanied by decreased asymmetry of activity levels in muscle pairs and less observations of pathologically changed EMG that results in improved functional condition of the locomotor system.

The content of 137Cs in muscles of Leuciscus cephalus L. was investigated depending on weight of the individual after accident on ChNPP. As a rule, with increase in weight the content of 137Cs is increasing. In various ranges of weight dependence of the content of 137Cs from weight of the individual is different. In the unique case authentic decrease in the content of 137Cs in muscles with increase in weight of the individual is registered.

The question of development of different muscular groups is considered for girls. 42 students of a 1 course took part in researches. The absolute and relative indexes of development of muscles of hands and back are investigational. A method is used dynamometry and method of indexes. Accordance of actual indexes of force is studied to the age-related norms. The estimation of actual indexes is conducted on the levels of development. It is shown that muscular force in the different belts of human organism is developed variously. It is marked that existent situation can result in the numerous diseases of spine, which becomes complicated by the protracted stay of students in a static pose.

The experiment involved 35 women at the age of 45. The paper discusses the application of yoga exercises as a means of physical rehabilitation for diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Identified some negative trends of occurrence and development of joint diseases as arthritis, arthritis, osteochondrosis, and loss of flexibility in the muscles of the body, as an important component to perform normal movements. Offered a program of correction of functional disorders of the joints and muscles through yoga.

The problem of development of force muscles of back is considered for student young people from different administrative areas. The investigated contingent is folded by the students of first year of studies from rural locality and from a city. Swingeing majority of investigated is students of technical and computer specialties. Data of the questionnaire questioning of students are used in relation to the self - appraisal of health. The proper and actual indexes of force of muscles of back are certain. They are conducted comparative analysis. The degree of disparity of indexes is certain in both groups.

It is examine the dependence of indexes of physical development from the content and volume of moving activity at students. It is depicted the content and volume of moving activity, studied the indexes of forces at students. The investigated contingent is students of first-year of studies. A bulk of investigated is students of technical and computer specialties. Data of the questionnaire questioning of students are used in relation to maintenance and volume of motive activity. The proper and actual indexes of force are certain. It is conducted comparative analysis. Dependence of level of development of force is shown on the level of motive activity.

Currently the concept of kinesiotaping has become widespread. Kinesiotaping, which was originally implemented in sports medicine, is increasingly used in rehabilitation and various spheres of medicine, such as orthopedics, traumatology, pediatrics, etc. In recent years, the new publications about the kinesiotaping use in neurology and rheumatology have been released, where previously unknown effects, such as improved sensory feedback, have been demonstrated. Great attention is paid to comparative studies of the effects of kinesiotaping and other methods of taping, which have been used for many years. Nevertheless, despite the popularity of this physical therapy and rehabilitation method, the number of scientific studies supporting its use remains insufficient. The effects originally attributed to kinesiotaping are still controversial, and there is insufficient scientific evidence supporting them. It is not reliably determined whether the tape has a tonic or relaxing effect due to the stimulation of the mechanoreceptors and how the taping affects fascial tissue. Its effect on the reduction of pressure in subcutaneous structures, its mechanisms of action on the microcirculatory bloodstream by stimulating exteroceptors and proprioceptors is unclear. The difficulty of kinesiotaping efficacy evaluation consists in the variety of techniques and the necessity to choose the location of the tape applying, its shape, the suitable tension and adhesion time. The article represents the results of the latest scientific researches on the pathogenetic mechanisms of kinesiotaping and efficacy of this technique in various nosologies.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters in time, coinciding with the changes recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) channel in patients after the introduction of peripheral muscle relaxants., Material and Methods: Twenty-four patients were examined in intensive care units on artificial lung ventilation (ALV). During the study, myographic artifacts were recorded in all patients in the EEG, the elimination of which was impossible without the use of pharmacological agents leading to relaxation of muscles - muscle relaxants of peripheral action., Results: Complete suppression of myographic artifacts on the EEG was noted in all patients after the introduction of peripheral muscle relaxants. However, in 4 of them, EEG changes were noted in the period 2 to 3 minutes after the introduction of muscle relaxants and the disappearance of myographic artifacts on the EEG. These changes coincided in time with the changes recorded by the ECG channel., Conclusions: The EEG changes in time, coinciding with the changes in ECG indicators, suggest the presence of short-term disturbances of the functional state of the basic brain systems, probably due to changes in hemodynamics due to cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances. It is advisable to record the EEG with the inclusion of an ECG channel in the wiring diagram for synchronous recording.

Myocardial bridging is often detected during diagnostic coronary angiography in patients with congenital and acquired heart defects. In most cases, muscle bridging does not require surgical treatment. Myocardial bridging and tunnels causing compression of one or more major coronary arteries is a potential cause of myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The authors report surgical treatment of a patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending artery.

Features, efficiency and possibility of application of the modern computer systems are appraised in making healthy, prophylaxis of damages and physical rehabilitation. The prospects of the use of computer systems are considered for a design and correction of figure. The features of construction and action of the computer systems are resulted. It is marked that the innovation of technology consists in the principle new method of organization of procedure and in simultaneous influence on all locomotorium of man. The results of researches of the Russian specialists are resulted. Directions of increase of power and co-ordinating indexes are rotined. Attention on the features of structure and maintenance of health, aesthetically beautiful and therapeutic tasks is accented. Directions of the use of the computer systems are recommended in renewal of the state of organism of man after the considerable physical loadings.

Bladder cancer occupies one of the leading positions in morbidity in the world and constitutes a serious problem for healthcare system. The muscle-invasive bladder cancer is the most aggressive and more difficult to treat with drug therapy. Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, with the most commonly used open approach. Currently, there is an active introduction of minimally invasive procedures, which is due to their advantages in perioperative care. Laparoscopic procedures have been broadly adopted for the oncourological practice, but the real breakthrough in the field of minimally invasive surgery has occurred after implementing of robotic-assisted interventions. It should be noted that the extensive radical procedures are associated with significant intra- and postoperative complications, which directly affects the patients condition and quality of life postoperatively. In this regard, robotic-assisted radical cystectomy appears to be a promising treatment method for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to collect and analyze current information on the results of robotic-assisted radical cystectomy, with particular attention to the comparison with open and laparoscopic techniques for different surgical and oncological outcomes.

Arthrogryposis is one of the most severe congenital orthopedic diseases, characterized by multiple joint contractures, hypoplasia or aplasia of the skeletal muscles of the extremities, as well as severe motor disorders. The use of compensatory strategies allows patients to improve the ability to self-care., Objective: To study the compensatory strategies in children with arthrogryposis with absent of active flexion in the elbow joint and estimate their dynamic after surgical treatment., Material and Methods: We performed a clinical examination of 236 patients with arthrogryposis with deformities of the upper extremities due to arthrogryposis at the age of 10 months to 16 years. The examination was carried out before the operation, as well as at various times (from 1 month to 8 years) after. In 87 cases (67 patients), restoration of active elbow flexion was performed by transposition of latissimus dorsii or pectoralis major to the biceps position. The activity of the muscles involved that most commonly used in compensatory strategies (synergy of m. biceps brachii and m. deltoideus or m.biceps brachii and m. quadriceps femoris) in 10 patients (from 3 to 10 y.o.), was evaluated before and after (from 2 months to 2 years) surgery by surface electromyography., Results: It was found that children's compensatory strategies are formed at the age of 6 months to 1 y.o.6 months after surgery, the using of compensatory strategies becomes more rare, and 12-18 months after surgery, when the strength of the forearm muscles was 4 points, they were not used at all., Conclusions: Compensatory strategies in children with the absence of active and preservation of passive flexion in the elbow joint are diverse. They depend on the amplitude of passive and active movements in the shoulder, the function of the hand and deformities of the lower extremities. These strategies in children with arthrogryposis are unstable and completely disappear when active movements in the elbow joint are restored in the functional range.

The Aim of the Study: Was to research the muscles response in children during three years of their life to mechanical stimulation with evaluation of the maximum time of its occurrence from 2 to 15 hours of the postmortem period. Assessment of the muscles response to mechanical stress is one of the methods for determining the time of death coming. For the deceased of mature age, there is very little scientific data on this topic and for children and adolescents there is none at all. The results of a study of 244 children corpses aged 1 to 3 years with a precisely established time of death within 2 to 15 hours of the postmortem period are presented. Two 2 age groups have been identified: 1 st - from 1 to 2 years, 2 nd - from 2 to 3 years. It was determined that the response of muscles to mechanical stress in children depends on age and does not depend on gender. The time of occurrence of the muscle contraction swelling for each age group was established. The results of the study are the first reliable evidence of the postmortem time limit of muscle contraction swelling onset in children of different age groups.

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the response of muscles to mechanical irritation with the establishment of the maximum time of its occurrence within 2 to 15 hours of the post-mortem period in persons of mature, senile and elderly age with the development of an algorithm for its study. This work presents the data of a study of 345 corpses of mature, senile and elderly age with a precisely defined time of death coming within 2 to 15 hours of the post-mortem period. All studies were divided into 8 age groups. It was found that the response of muscles to mechanical irritation should be studied on all upper and lower extremities (both shoulders and both hips). A clear statistically significant difference in the height of the idiomuscular tumor depending on the time since death coming was not found in any of the studied age groups. The dependence of the muscle contraction swelling time appearance on the period of death and age of the deceased was established. Therefore, in the presence of a muscle contraction swelling the death time of adults who died at the age of 18-67 years (confidence level of at least 95%) is less than 10-12 hours and in its absence more than 10-12 hours. At the age of 68-97 years (confidence level of at least 95%), the presence of a muscle contraction swelling indicates the time of death less than 8-10 hours, and its absence more than 8-10 hours.

Objective: Study of muscles response to mechanical irritation with the establishment of the maximum time of its occurrence for 2 to 15 hours of the postmortem period in children and adolescents who died at the age of 4 to 17 years. The the study data of 228 corpses of children and adolescents aged from 4 to 17 years with a precisely established time of death - from 2 to 15 hours are presented. Three age groups are identified: 1st - from 4 to 7 years, 2nd - from 8 to 11th and 3rd - from 12 to 17 years old. As a result of the studies it was found that the response of muscles to mechanical stress in children does not depend on gender and depends on age. The time of occurrence of a muscle contraction swelling was determined for each studied age groups. The obtained results for the first time give reliable evidence of a postmortem time limit for the appearance of a muscle contraction swelling in children of various age groups.

Background: There is no unequivocal opinion regarding the safety of statin in patients with hypothyroidism. However, based on some new data, it can be assumed that hypothyroidism, even in a stage of compensation, may cause muscle damage in patients receiving statins. As part of this study, this hypothesis was tested, and was confirmed., Aims: To study the possibility of muscle damage and the nature of muscle metabolism in patients with compensated hypothyroidism who takes statin., Materials and Methods: The study is transverse and observational with the inclusion of 120 women, subdivided on three groups (n=40). The main group of patients with hypothyroidism who took statins (group 1) was compared with two control groups, including those who took statins without hypothyroidism (group 2), and who did not take statins with hypothyroidism (group 3)., Results: Patients taking statins and have compensated hypothyroidism are more likely to develop complaints of muscle pain, which are often associated with the elevation of muscle lesion markers, as well as the presence of the C allele in the SLCO1B1*5 gene (c.521T>C). In patients with compensated hypothyroidism, relative frequency of occurance of muscle pain syndrome associated with CPK elevation increases with TSH levels above 2.86 mU/L. Compensated hypothyroidism increases the possibility of development of SPM-ATP by 2.7 times., Conclusions: Compensated hypothyroidism is not a contraindication for statin therapy. However, the presence of even compensated hypothyroidism in patients taking statins increases the possibility of the development of muscle symptoms associated with taking statins, and requires additional monitoring of the clinical and biochemical parameters of muscle metabolism (especially the level of CPK).