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The concentration of catecholamines, having positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart function, increases under the actionof strong stimuli. This mechanism of influence is very important in terms of the development of both coronary and non-coronarymyocardial damage. However, further studies have revealed an important role of catecholamines in the regulation of hemostasisprocesses, which is very relevant in patients with coronary heart disease, as it increases the risk of myocardial infarction.Aim. Based on the literature data, to study the role of catecholamines in the regulation of the hemostasis system as a risk factor forcomplications in coronary heart disease.Material and methods. We analyzed literature sources in the computer databases «Cyberlennica», «PubMed», «eLibrary» usingthe search words: «сatecholamines – hemostasis», «сatecholamines – platelets», «сatecholamines – leukocytes», «coronary heartdisease – сatecholamines», «coronary heart disease – hemostasis», «coronary heart disease – platelets». The analyzed literaturedescribes the results of original studies that characterize the multifactorial influence of catecholamines on the hemostasis system inthe coronary heart disease: the effects of these hormones as an important activator of the platelet hemostasis, the role of plateletsin activating the coagulation component of hemostasis and its specific features, the importance of leukocytes, erythrocytes,endothelium, changes in the lipid profile in disorders of the blood coagulation process. Therefore, regular monitoring of itscondition, timely pharmacological correction is necessary to ensure effective relapse prevention and reduce the risk of complicationsand fatal outcome.Conclusion. Regular monitoring of the hemostasis system and timely pharmacological correction are necessary to ensure effectiverelapse prevention and reduce the risk of complications and fatal outcome in patients with coronary heart disease.

Introduction. At the present stage of education digital transformation, the urgent task is being addressed to train educators who are ready to meet the challenges and risks of a changing and unstable digital world. Digital risks differentiating and adjusting the course of digital learning for future educators constitute the study problem and goal. The paper draws attention to the issues of digital transformation in the educational system carried out under conditions of uncertainty, as well as ways and opportunities to adjust the course of digital learning, ensuring the readiness of future teachers for the changes that are coming in the near and distant future. Materials and Methods. Leading research methods: system analysis of digital risks in teacher education, scenario modeling of network interactions and digital learning in basic risk situations, pedagogical experiment. The dynamic set of analytical and predictive judgments of future teachers about the possibilities of overcoming risk situations constitute the experimental materials. In research, digital risks are differentiated by three definable parameters: subjective sense of danger, relative risk and probability of threat. Results. The algorithmic model provides risk classification features and color codes. Their influence on the choice of safe behavior strategies in basic risk situations associated with networking and digital learning is described. The study reveals the authorʼs idea of risks color differentiation, which in this paper is illustrated by examples of teachers’ professional activities in networking and digital learning situations. The paper practical significance lies in pedagogical influences of algorithmic model approbation in risks situations of different danger levels: especially dangerous, moderate and underestimated risks in the dynamic digital space. It is concluded that actions in danger situations can be effectively regulated by light signals similar to a modified traffic light. Each signal can be matched with an individual scenario included a stereotypical behavior algorithms set that is assigned considering the real danger and subjective feeling on it, the basic scenario and prediction corresponding to it. The survey final measurements showed that the future teachers who passed the experimental training significantly decreased their subjective sense of danger. Discussion and Conclusion. The pedagogical experiment reveals that the study of risk situations, pedagogical activity scenario modeling and orientation to color cues in typical risk situations reduce the teachers’ uncertainty sense and give positive shifts in teachers’ training.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world. Effective treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders is impossible without the risk factor correction. Smoking remains the most important modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. The expert council held a meeting on November 15, 2022 aimed at discussing the modern possibilities and the importance of tobacco addiction treatment in patients with cardiovascular disorders.

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) includes software systems combined with applied methods and algorithms which main feature is the ability to solve intellectual problems. One of the most popular trend of AI application is the prognosis of various situations, evaluation of any digital information with an attempt to give a conclusion and analysis of different data with a search for hidden patterns. Study design Systematic review. Purpose To assess current possibilities of artificial intelligence (AI) for predicting unfavorable conditions in spine surgery that require medical care, and future development prospects in this area. Materials and methods Until June 2020 we performed a search using the Protocol (PRISMA) "Preferred Reporting Parameters for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes" and keywords for articles in Medline, Scopus and eLIBRARY intended to summarize the available data on algorithms for predicting any pathological conditions in spine surgery that require medical intervention using artificial intelligence technologies. Results 20 publications were selected for systematic review, which presented data on the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning and neural networks to predict any condition in spine surgery. According to the review, the data obtained indicate that AI can be successfully used to optimize prognosis in various diseases of the spine. Therefore, the application of AI in the clinical practice of the spine surgeons can improve treatment results. Conclusion The promotion of artificial intelligence application in medicine is inevitable. Currently AI shows good results in the area of making clinical decisions by the surgeons and the ability to predict treatment results depending on certain factors. It is imperative that spinal surgeons should realize the potential of these new technologies. Nevertheless, some factors that determine the clinical application of artificial intelligence, i.e. the ability to consider the context of a patient's history, are difficult to calculate mathematically and, so far, are difficult for an algorithmic approach. Eventually, the doctors will continue to play a vital role in patients’ treatment, and artificial intelligence will not depreciate their clinical skills, but make them even more important.

Background. Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease accompanied by an increase in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure above the established values. Uncontrolled blood pressure can cause various complications, which will lead to either disability or death of the patient. Aim. To assess the compliance of the level of doctors knowledge with current clinical guidelines in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the PHYSTARH multicenter study, we presented the results of an anonymous prospective survey to assess the level of physicians knowledge and pharmacotherapeutic preferences in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Results. The study involved 425 physicians from 9 regions of Russia: Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk, Moscow, Krasnodar Territory, Primorye Territory, the Republic of Adygea and Tatarstan. In the course of the analysis, we revealed an insufficiently high level of the respondents knowledge in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Less than half of the respondents chose the indication of combination therapy as a therapeutic intervention in which the effectiveness of lowering blood pressure increases about 5 times more than when the dose of the original drug is doubled; correctly indicated the pharmacological group for the proposed drug (methyldopa), determined the indication for the use of aspirin in patients with hypertension, selected the optimal antihypertensive therapy for the proposed clinical situations, indicated absolutely contraindicated antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusion. The need for additional educational activities among physicians was established to improve the quality of knowledge on the basic aspects of hypertension, because a significant number of key questions on this topic cause difficulties for respondents.

Introduction. Arterial hypertension (AH) is a syndrome accompanied by an increase in systolic blood pressure (BP)140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP90 mmHg. It is a progressive pathology that affects the adult employable population and leads to the development of deadly complications. Aim. To compare the level of physicians knowledge in AHs definition, diagnosis and treatment in different centers of Russia. Materials and methods. In the framework of the multicenter study PHYSTARH (the full name of the project Physicians and undergraduates knowledge in arterial hypertension treatment), which was launched in 2017, an anonymous survey was conducted among 425 doctors from 9 cities/regions of Russia (Belgorod Region, Moscow, Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea, Voronezh, Primorye Territory, Tatarstan, Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk). Results. The study revealed an insufficient level of doctors knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of AH. Less than half of the respondents correctly answered the following questions: determining hypertension by the level of home monitoring of BP (36% of physicians), determining the degree of hypertension for the proposed numerical values (37% of physicians), definition and prevalence of the refractory hypertension (33% of physicians), definition of the masked hypertension (45% of physicians), the need for drug correction of high normal BP (9% of physicians), selection of the main classes of antihypertensive drugs without clinical situations (26% of physicians). Conclusion. The physicians knowledge on AH is unsatisfactory, despite the prevalence of pathology and the availability of clinical guidelines, which, in our view, justifies the need for additional public education programs for doctors in different regions.

The exponential growth of online technologies in everyday life transforms the very contours of social phenomena, processes, and institutions well known to sociologists. We discuss these transformations in two interrelated areas: transnational migration and extremism. First, the paper proposes an approach to examine «transnationalism online» as a sub-set of transnational migration studies. Second, it presents a critical review of how contemporary scholars study extremist activities and discourse of those who are involved in migration with a special focus on online manifestations of extremism. In a concluding part of the paper we present theoretical and methodological comments on the paths in examining the «dark side» of transnationalism online.