Search

The concepts of fragility and resilience are often used together to describe elderly people with reduced physical activity. While fragility, which develops with the aging of the body, is a biological syndrome of a decrease in the stressors response resulting from cumulative regression in many physiological systems, and age related a comprehensive assessment of the ability resistance to stress. In this regard, it is important to develop systems and scales for the identification groups of risk among the elderly. The complexity of the solution lies in the fact that the study of fragility and physical resilience is interdisciplinary, primarily related to the health and increase in the active life of older people. The review describes theories based on the mechanisms of physiological aging, among them the theory of a decrease in the ability to stress, in which stress-related to diseases. The cycles of the development of fragility and a decrease in physiological reserves are considered, and, as a consequence, a change in reactivity to stress, which leads to the development and progression of diseases. The article presents data on homeostatic dysregulation in the accumulation of cumulative deficiency and related changes in heart rate variability, which allows early diagnosis of stressors in the elderly. These data will be useful for the development and implementation of preventive measures aimed at improving the quality of life and resistance to stress factors in elderly and senile people.

The concept of human resilience was created to search for new approaches to improving the well-being of middle-aged, elderly and old people. Resilience is based on the physiological mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis and the ability of organs and tissues to regenerate. Identifying the correlation between environmental factors and the level of reactivity of the body is an important aspect in assessing viability. It contributes to an increase in human life expectancy. Age-related resilience is based on neurophysiological mechanisms of protective processes at different levels, including neural networks and epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression of MANF, TIMP-2, adropin, irisin, CCL2, CCLR2, β2M genes. The study of medical, psychological, and social indicators of resilience will contribute to the development of new approaches to the correction of age-related pathology.

The organism adaptive possibilities by pathology and aging are discussed in account of the epigenetic. The organism adaptation to inner and external factors is carried out by organism unite humoral protective system, inclusive hypothalamus-hypophysis-pineal and hypothalamus-hypophysis-thymus axises. AEDG, AEDP, EDR, KED, EW, KE short peptides are the epigenetic regulators of gene expression and protein synthesis, which can be involve to the adaptation by stress and in the activation of hypothalamus-hypophysis-pineal and hypothalamus-hypophysis-thymus axises. These short peptides regulate the synthesis of proteins of heat shock, stress-protective proteins, cytocines, fibrinolysis and hemostasis factors and can participate in primary and tardive epigenetic regulation of adaptive response by stress, pathology and aging. The early functional diagnostic of element disturbances of organism unite humoral protective system by age-associative pathology can be usefull for the detection of deficient synchronization of epigenetic mechanisms, by wich the depletion and decrease of organism reserve possibilities occurs. The use of peptide can grade the adaptive syndrome manifestation by the stress and age pathology.

Aim: To study dynamics ofclinico-immunological parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of intermediate severity after administration of Pbeumo 23 vaccine., Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients with COPD of intermediate severity comparable to sex, age, duration of smoking and COPD history were divided on two groups: main group (I)--20 patients vaccinated with Pneumo 23 vaccine, and control group (II)--25 patients, which received only standard treatment. Complete blood count, sputum cytology, expiratory function as well as immunological parameters (levels of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD25+, and IFN-gamma) were studied at baseline as well as 21 days, 3 months, and 6 months after vaccination., Results: Stable remission of the disease (during 6 months) was noted in all patients in group I and in 20% of patients in group II. In group I, levels of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes did not change significantly, whereas number of activated T-lymphocytes (CD25+) significantly increased. There were substantial increase of IFN-gamma level and decrease of IgE level in serum in group I that could point to predominance of Thl-dependent immune response and activation of cellular immunity. There were no such changes in group II., Conclusion: Administration of Pneumo 23 resulted in decrease of intensity of local inflammation and prolonged remission of COPD that allowed to recommend inclusion of vaccination to standard protocols of treatment for such patients.

The paper considers bronchial asthma as a polygenic disease. It presents some data available in the literature on the role of genetic disorders in the development of atopic states and the authors' own findings of various biological defects detected in apparently healthy blood relatives of patients with bronchial asthma. It is concluded that premorbid diagnosis is of importance in high risk persons.