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The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of forming a system of competitive advantages of higher educational institutions (HEIs) in the context of globalization based on international and national ratings. The subject of the study is comparing competitive advantages of the world’s and Ukrainian HEIs on the basis of international and national rankings. The object of the study is the process of improving the competitiveness of Odessa National A.S. Popov Academy of Telecommunications under modern conditions based on the world and national ratings. The globalization of the economy has led to globalization of competition. One of the indicators of a university’s competitiveness is its position in the world and national rankings. A ranking for an HEI is an opportunity to become more recognizable, improve its reputation. Taking the leading positions in the national, and even the world ranking, the university improves its attractiveness not only for applicants, but also for employers, investors, and the state. However, there are weaknesses in modern rankings, and it is very important to avoid turning the rankings into an end in itself.