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This paper presents the design of a microstrip patch antenna based on a Square Split Ring Resonator (SSRR). Wireless technology is switching from 4G to 5G due to the need to overcome limitations, such as low throughput, high latency and path loss. To increase data transfer speeds, the next generation of wireless networks uses 5G terahertz technology. The use of microstrip patch antennas in wireless technologies has increased significantly due to their low cost and simplicity of design as well as the ease of printed circuit board fabrication. However, in some cases their use is limited by low bandwidth, low gain and low throughput. To solve these problems, the Fennec Fox optimization algorithm is used. The algorithm allows you to optimize the length of the microstrip patch antenna resulting in increased gain and reduced return loss. Bakelite is used as a substrate. The width of the patch antenna is set according to the most suitable length selected. To increase the bandwidth and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), a square split ring resonator (SSRR) is used as a metamaterial. An evaluation of the designed microstrip patch antenna model with existing patch antennas was performed. The estimated values of the parameters of the proposed model were the following values: return loss –72.54 dB, resonant frequency 1.11 THz, achieved gain 15.25 dB, VSWR value 1.5646. The estimated values of the developed model exceed those of existing samples. Thus, the developed microstrip patch antenna using Fennec Fox optimization and square split ring resonator metamaterial shows better results in the terahertz range.

2D and 3D digital multimedia files offer numerous benefits like excellent quality, compression, editing, reliable copying, etc. These qualities of the multimedia files, on the other hand, are the cause of fear including the fear of getting access to data during communication. Steganography plays an important role in providing security to the data in communication. Changing the type of cover file from digital multimedia files to protocols improve the security of the communication system. Protocols are an integral part of the communication system and these protocols can also be used to hide secret data resulting in low chances of detection. This paper is intended to help improve existing network steganography techniques by enhancing bandwidth and decreasing detection rates through reviewing previous related work. Recent papers of the last 21 years on network steganography techniques have been studied, analyzed, and summarized. This review can help researchers to understand the existing trends in network steganography techniques to pursue further work in this area for algorithms’ improvement. The paper is divided according to the layers of the OSI model.

Agriculture is regarded as one of the most crucial sectors in guaranteeing food security. However, as the world’s population grows, so do agri-food demands, necessitating a shift from traditional agricultural practices to smart agriculture practices, often known as agriculture 4.0. It is critical to recognize and handle the problems and challenges related with agriculture 4.0 in order to fully profit from its promise. As a result, the goal of this research is to contribute to the development of agriculture 4.0 by looking into the growing trends of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. A literature review is done to examine the scientific literature pertaining to crop farming published in the previous decade for this goal. This thorough examination yielded significant information on the existing state of digital technology in agriculture, as well as potential future opportunities.

Relevance. Dislipidemia is one of the major manifestation of thyroid disease process due to alteration of metabolic parameters which are also seen in metabolic syndrome. Though oxidative stress has been implicated in both processes, controversial results have been obtained. Objective. To determine the status of lipid peroxidation product (Lpx) in the study group and identify the association of different components of metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: 102 patients comprising of 60 healthy euthyroid controls and 42 hypothyroid patients served as the study group. Blood samples were collected for fasting blood sugar, renal parameters, lipid profile, tri-iodothyronin (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Level of lipid peroxidation in the samples was determined by monitoring the level of thiobarbituric acid like substances (TBARS) like substances. Results. The demographic parameters were significantly altered in hypothyroid patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure amongst both the groups was observed to have higher mean value in hypothyroid patients. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the hypothyroid was significantly higher than euthyroid control groups. The most frequent alteration in the hypothyroid patients was rise in SBP (95 %), Hypertriglyceridemia (50 %) and raised waist circumference (48 %) and DBP (42 %). A fourfold rise in Lpx was observed in hypothyroid subjects (p0.001). Robust positive association was observed between TSH and Lpx. Multiple linear regressions revealed strongest and statistically significant association between serum serum thyroid stimulating hormone and waist circumference. Conclusion. The hypothyroid patients have significant higher degree of oxidative stress and the components of metabolic syndrome. They are the candidates for preventive health intervention.

Amitav Ghosh novel The Calcutta Chromosome: a Novel of Fevers, Delirium and Discovery is considered, - an outstanding literary work in which the writer reveals a discourse of science versus counter-science from the earlier world of social, cultural and ethnical history of Indian subcontinent. India is home to the oldest continuous civilization, nevertheless, the long invasive rule of the Mughals and the Britishers has framed minds to undervalue the indigenous knowledge, practices, customs and discourses. Amitav Ghosh novel denies the Western supremacy in every field and puts a question mark in the invention of Anopheles maculipennis as the cause of malaria. Dr. Ronald Ross received the prestigious Nobel Prize in 1902 for his discovery of malaria parasite but Ami- tav Ghosh supports the contribution of Indian assistants Mangala and Laakhan who were not acknowledged by the British researchers. The novel reflects a postcolonial approach to interpret Western scientific mechanism, posits the question to unethical exploitation of native workers by the English and gives voice to the traditional knowledge of the subalterns. An integral part of Ghoshs approach in this novel is to illuminate the richness of ideas and complexity of Indigenous life, and to create a place where aboriginals are acknowledged for their remarkable contributions.

Jatropha (Jatropha curcus) is an alternative resource for biodiesel. To boost the rural economy in sustainable manner it is estimated that 30 Million hector plantation may replace current use of fossil fuel. Although Jatropha has an inbuilt ability to grow under water limited conditions, scanty information is available about natural genetic variation for water stress tolerance. Three local genotypes from Pune district were collected and initially screened by imparting artificial stress using PEG – 6000. Seedlings were subjected to increasing concentration of PEG – 6000 (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 gm/l) to study effect on growth parameters.The root growth, number of secondary roots, true leaf expansion at morphological level and palisade mesophyll height, xylem vessel expansion at anatomical level showed drastic negative impact as compared to control. It is worth to note that local germplasm performance was categorized into susceptible group as compared to tolerant genotype [Chattisgadh Selection] indicating need for genetic improvement. These genotypes were further studied at molecular level with RAPD and ISSR markers to amplify genetic variation. Polymorphic bands from Chattisgadh selection genotype are being evaluated for their usefulness as markers for water stress tolerance.