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The functioning of industry in the context of the creation and development of a single digital space of the Russian economy requires the development of an appropriate mechanism, in which information and service support for the digitalization of business processes of industrial enterprises should play a key role. The purpose of this study is to build a model of the mechanism for the functioning of an industrial enterprise in a single digital space (hereinafter referred to as the SDS) as well as to characterize the information and service support for the control and governing functions of this mechanism. The categorical apparatus of the digital economy and digital technologies, methods of classification, comparative analysis, functional and systemic approaches were used as the methodological basis of the study. The results of the work were the construction of a conceptual model of the mechanism of functioning of an industrial enterprise in a single digital space, based on the principle of optimality and capable of adapting to the needs of a particular industrial enterprise, as well as the identification of the basic functions of the management activity of an industrial enterprise in the single digital space, and the characteristics of the information and service support mechanism, which is digital services (technologies) that ensure management activities and interaction of actors of the business ecosystem in the single digital space. The conclusions drawn from the results of the study can be applied in practice by the management of companies when developing their own mechanism and strategy for digitalizing business processes in order to increase the efficiency of functioning in the single digital space industry.

The development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) infrastructure is one of the priority areas of managerial thought in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Commercial use of high-latitude caravan routes in the waters of the NSR should significantly change the situation with the organization of logistical maritime flows around the Eurasian continent. Ensuring uninterrupted traffic along with fulfilment of the conditions of urgency of delivery and cargo safety form the category of stability of the NSR functioning. Its northern part runs exclusively in domestic seas, and ensuring regular vessel traffic is Russia’s priority task in the competition for transporting cargo from east to west (and back) by sea. The movement of ships along the NSR falls directly under the authority of the management of Rosatom State Corporation, while the management of the infrastructure that ensures the continuous movement of transport along the NSR is carried out collegially. At the same time, such an important aspect as the management of the infrastructure complex supporting the movement of container ships with transit cargo has been assigned to three components of a single management entity: the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Russian Far East and the Arctic, and Rosatom Corporation, without clearly defining the boundaries of responsibility for interdepartmental management decisions. To date, this approach has already caused a series of organizational and technical difficulties. The aim of the study is to identify the rational organization of the infrastructure of the management subject, allowing to ensure the sustainability of the movement of passenger and cargo ships throughout the water area of the NSR; it is based on such scientific methods as induction, systematization, grouping Key results of the work may be in demand both in the course of scientific research in the field of infrastructure development in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and in the framework of improving the existing management system of aviation infrastructure of these territories.

The economic growth and development of the country largely depends on success in the main industries, where mechanical engineering plays a key role. The economies of different countries rely on industrial enterprises that satisfy people’s needs through the production of goods and services. To ensure competitiveness in a dynamically changing market, continuous improvement and development of enterprises is required. In the current conditions, mechanical engineering enterprises increasingly need to adapt to each individual customer, which in turn forces them to rebuild enterprises to the parameters typical for single or small-scale production. The production process is the joint work of tools, equipment and personnel through which products are produced. The complexity of the process of releasing new products is due to the involvement of a large number of departments involved in this process. Order execution is based primarily on the management of production systems. One of the most important processes in enterprise management is the order management process.The purpose of this study is to determine the methods of optimizing the order management process and reducing the influence of the internal cooperation factor on the increase of the period of its implementation at machine-building enterprises. As a methodological basis such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast were used. As the information base, the article analyzes the works of modern authors who consider the issues of order management and such an element of the organizational structure as internal cooperation between departments, their influence on the internal processes of the enterprise and the timing of order execution. The features of the planning process for a single type of production are considered. In the course of the work, the main reasons for the shift in previously determined order completion dates, the most important indicators for order fulfillment, the peculiarities of the planning process at the unit type of production were considered, as well as the most frequently encountered problems during project implementation were identified. In connection with the trend towards changes and development of enterprises, in terms of changes in order management processes for customized products, an increase in the number of created enterprises and an increase in the share of customized products, a conclusion was made about the relevance of studying the order management process in a single type of production at machine-building enterprises. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further study of the issues under consideration. The materials can be used in companies in the real sector of the economy, in administrative structures and in the educational process.

Almost all global trends create a synergistic effect, which increases the importance of forming and developing human capital to ensure the survival of companies in the market and their confidence in the future, regardless of their size and type of activity. However, despite the unflagging and continued interest of the scientific community in the issues related to human capital, there are still many “white spots” in this area. The aim of this work is to explore the approaches to forming and developing human capital applied by companies doing business in Russia in the current realities and modern conditions, to identify industry specifics and to outline recommendations. To achieve this goal, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey of managers of enterprises from different segments of the economy. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, the conclusions were made that not all organisations have a generally accepted definition of HR and not everywhere there are procedures for its assessment. The problems related to personnel development, creation of competitive labour conditions for employees, search for potential employees and internal filling of vacancies were also revealed. The methodology of this work is based on a systemic approach and surveying, as well as general scientific methods such as synthesis, analysis, comparison, and generalization. Research results: Despite the fact that, in the opinion of the authors of the study, it did not consider all the problems of human capital formation and its impact on the sustainability of organisations, the obtained results allowed for the identification of the peculiarities of approaches to forming and developing human capital, considering industry specifics, and can be useful to develop practical recommendations for managers of companies aimed at improving this activity. Originality: This study presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the approaches to forming and developing human capital in companies across various industries in the Russian labor market.

Constant variability of the external environment is one of the key features affecting the business activity of domestic organizations and generates the need for constant updating of managers’ professional skills. The issues of assessment efficiency of commercial companies are always relevant not only for owners, but also for managers, employees and other stakeholders. In the conditions of economic instability, the interest to the indicators of organizations’ efficiency increases and, accordingly, their clarification and adjustment is required. and adjustment. The purpose of the study is to summarize the profitability indicators depending on the goal-setting of the participants of commercial organizations and to establish the possibility of using these indicators to assess the effectiveness of the company’s activities. Many years of experience of the authors of this article in the field of business valuation allowed to systematize the techniques of calculation of the main profitability indicators, to present an updated system of their grouping, as well as to classify the factors affecting them. Also, theoretical approaches to the calculation of invested capital were generalized in the course of the work. The research applied the methods of analysis, comparison, synthesis, classification, collection and generalization, logic, graphical and tabular display of information. Theoretical significance of the obtained results consists in the development of the methodology of value-oriented management in order to actualize and adapt the algorithms for calculating profitability indicators to domestic conditions, taking into account the interests of the participants of the organization. The practical significance of the work consists in the development of methods for assessing the performance indicators of the company, which can be used in the corporate governance of commercial structures, as well as in making management decisions by stakeholders.

The relevance of the topic of research is determined by the need to address the problems of environmental and socioeconomic nature arising against the background of industrialized society, which causes interest in the development of organic agriculture and the formation of a dynamically growing market for organic products. The purpose of the study is to analyze the trends in the development of the global organic market and a comparative analysis of the practices of state regulation of this segment in the United States, the EU and Russia. In the course of the work such scientific methods as synthesis and deduction were used; the information and analytical base was the data of the journal “The World of Organic Agriculture” and publicly available information from the official websites of the Ministries of Agriculture of the United States and the Russian Federation, the European Commission, the Union of Organic Agriculture. The article presents the results of consideration of the dynamics of sales volumes and changes in the average per capita consumption of organic products in the world market, as well as the description of mechanisms of state regulation of organic agriculture and the organic market in the United States, the EU and Russia, highlighting their distinctive characteristics. The study of such issues allows to rationally apply foreign experience, excluding a high degree of risk when making strategic decisions in the formation of directions of development of the agrarian sector of the economy within the framework of national interests. The results of the study can be useful both in the development of programs for the development of organic agriculture at the level of sub-sectors of the economy, and in relation to the subjects of the Russian Federation, striving for sustainable development of the regional market of this type of products.

This article shows the results of research, analysis and systematization of historical information, scientific works, and regulatory and legal documents in the subject area under consideration in order to synthesize the Concept of scientific management of sustainable development of subjects of modern domestic economy.The results of the work are based on a systematic approach and the scientific and practical experience of the authors. The results of a retro-perspective analysis of management science through the prism of scientific and technological development of Russia in the XX–XXI centuries are presented. The forecast indicators of Russia’s socio-economic development in the field of achieving technological sovereignty are shown. Theoretical and practical significance of the work done consists in the formation and presentation to the scientific and business community of promising conceptual directions of sustainable development of economic entities through the development of adaptive strategy; deployment of industry clusters; introduction and commercialization of innovative technologies; differentiated application of elements of scientific management; formation and development of social capital, taking into account the requirement of protection from cyber threats in the era of industries 4.0 and 5.0.

The purpose of the study is to develop a classification of leadership styles based on a combination of two indicators: the degree of employees’ involvement in the decision-making process and the prevailing orientation at the enterprise either towards achieving organizational results or towards ensuring employees’ satisfaction. The scientific novelty of the work is in the approach to solving the stated problem, namely, the creation of the authors’ typology of management styles (individual authoritarian, paternalistic, collective, communal), based on a combination of the degree of staff participation in making management decisions and target orientation towards business/relationships. The results obtained show that this methodology helps to reveal most efficiently the features of management at modern Russian enterprises. This methodology was used as a basis for the analyses of the aspects determining the nature of the leadership. There was revealed its relationship with various socio-economic factors. Long-term longitudinal studies conducted at Naberezhnye Chelny enterprises provided the authors of the article with empirical material, on the basis of which it was concluded that authoritarianism and paternalism were the most characteristic of the modern domestic managers’ style. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of applying its results at enterprises in various sectors of the economy. The proposed classification of management styles can be used as a methodological toolkit in studying the effectiveness of management work at different organizations, as well as in the process of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel.

The purpose of this study was to develop principles for the formation of the company’s ecosystem based on platform socio-economic interactions. In the course of the work, the peculiarities of ecosystem development are analyzed and the problem of systematization of the principles of formation of the external environment of an economic entity is determined. Based on minimizing transaction costs and the completeness of the application of management functions, the basic principles of the formation of the firm’s ecosystem have been developed, including clientcentricity, responsiveness to changes, hierarchical structure, diversity of participants and maintaining the profile of activity The author’s approaches to the creation of such an ecosystem through platform interactions, as well as the application of advanced digital and information technologies to protect personal data, expand the number of services and activities provided, and preserve competition were formed. The research used methods such as various types of analysis, structuring, and the graphical method. The information base was made up of the bibliographic database of scientific publications eLibrary. This study of ecosystems will be of interest to firms that want to make more profit with lower costs by collecting and analyzing data received from customers.

Agriculture has experienced many crises in recent years. The need for public authorities to respond was caused not only by the pandemic generated by the SARS-CoV and that disrupted production and supply chains, but also by the increase in the number and scale of natural disasters. The article shows that public authorities have taken measures to support the agricultural sector, ensuring their implementation both in the short term and to reduce their impact on future shocks through introducing temporary bans on export, decreasing (or increasing) tariffs, etc. The article indicates that in most countries, government support measures were aimed at ensuring domestic food supplies and overcoming market disruptions. In the context of the global economy, the policy of supporting agricultural production was characterised by conditions of high energy prices and regular disruptions in value chains in the world trade. Scientific research on the creation of conditions for the development of agriculture reflects various aspects of the topic of climate change mitigation, vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, and adaptation of agricultural and food systems. The article considers the features of the programme-target method in providing support to the agricultural production through the development of public policy measures. The Australian experience in implementing the Smart Farms programme is presented in the context of programme blocks with an analysis of the technologies used; key approaches in organising the selection of the programme participants and the risks of its realisation are highlighted. It is concluded that the implementation of the target programme has made it possible to expand the possibilities of digital transformation in agriculture and ensure the provision of budgetary funds on a competitive basis under openness and transparency of all the stages and procedures.

The article examines the problem of structural and technological development of the Russian economy in conditions of an unfavorable external environment. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy at the micro level, several areas of the structural and technological development can be distinguished: generation of new business, accelerated development of successful (growing) enterprises, transition to restarting growth of enterprises that have been showing declining sales for a long time. The purpose of the work is to study the restarting growth of firms. The article assesses its economic results and also explores the influence of the entrepreneurial factor on the transition of enterprises to the restarting growth. The full sample consists of 2 918 enterprises that have been demonstrating a decline in revenue for a long time. This sample has been divided into groups of organisations that show and do not show the restarting growth. Using economic and mathematical methods, we have assessed the rate of revenue growth and examined the influence of the enterprise manager’s personality on the transition to the growth in the context of formed groups of companies. The paper has found that firms with the restarting growth show high rates of revenue growth that exceed its decline during the problematic period. The best results are demonstrated by a group of enterprises with the long-term rapid growth. Consequently, enterprises with the restarting growth can be considered as one of the options for the structural and technological development of the Russian economy along with the generation of new firms and development of growing enterprises. It has been proven that one of the growth factors is human capital, namely the head of the organization (entrepreneurial factor). Manager replacement has occurred more frequently in the group of enterprises with the long-term restarting growth compared to the group of enterprises that have not shown it. We believe that new leaders have initiated processes of digital and technological transformation of the business that lead to long-term growth.

At the present stage, youth political leadership is in the focus of attention of researchers due to the fact that youth policy is an important part of public policy. The concept of the youth political leadership is relatively new and interdisciplinary, integrating politological, sociological, psychopolitical, and managerial approaches. To analyse the phenomenon, the systematisation of scientific approaches to the study of political leadership is conducted, 6 stages of the development of scientific thought from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI one are highlighted. The classical and modern theories of leadership are considered. The article substantiates the mediation of methodological approaches to the political leadership by the historical and political context and the level of development of the political culture of society. They are the basis for studying the structure of the phenomenon in question. It is proved that under the influence of digitalisation as the most important aspect of reality, as an attribute of politics and the socio-economic sphere, the structure of the youth political leadership is undergoing a change. Digitalisation makes adjustments to the existing scientific and methodological basis of the political leadership. The analysis of available leadership concepts has shown a movement from its personal aspect to the socio-interactive one, however, in the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to introduce a digital component of leadership. Based on empirical data, the modern structure of the youth political leadership is derived, consisting of three components: personal, socio-interactive, and digital.

The article provides a comparative assessment of various scientists and economists studying theoretical approaches to sustainable strategic development of innovative potential of industrial enterprises. The conducted research identifies the main directions of the theoretical approaches to its study, both by Russian scientists and foreign ones. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more attention to the processes aimed at ensuring stable economic growth and, perhaps, even be unable to influence them. In the context of transforming global economic relations, the stability of economic systems is a key element of the development and strategic growth of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises. It is needed to introduce and use various theoretical approaches in the process of forming directions for the strategic development of this potential contributing to the effective establishment of the industrial complex. Methodological approaches of scientific research to the conceptual and essential characteristics and categorisation of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises as part of the economic system are also considered and systematised. The obtained results of the conducted research can be used in assessing the theoretical foundations aimed at studying the theoretical directions of industrial and spatial development of the country’s economic sectors and at the strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises.

Successful implementation of the lean manufacturing concept at an enterprise is impossible without the use of special management tools that allow timely identification of problems in the organisation’s activities and causes of their occurrence. However, the increase in uncertainty and unreliability of information creates significant obstacles in making both quick and accurate decisions. The need to select analytical tools to improve the reliability of management decisions requires careful choice of methods for making them. The article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the Ishikawa cause-effect diagram as an instrumental method of this process for improving production processes. With the help of the comparative analysis based on the use of the Ishikawa diagram, four problems have been identified that may underlie the inhibition of managerial decision-making. The advantages and disadvantages of applying this method in the field of enterprise management and decision-making in conditions of high-speed changes in the external environment are analysed. The most popular modifications of the Ishikawa diagram are considered. It is concluded that the Ishikawa diagram is an effective tool for making prompt and strategic decisions to improve production processes as well as to increase the success of implementing lean manufacturing principles.

Transport infrastructure, especially railway infrastructure, plays a key role in economic development, ensuring efficient movement of goods and people. It is characterised by high capital intensity, long operational lifespans, and generation of socio-economic effects. Therefore, there is a need to improve the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of creating and developing transport infrastructure objects. The traditional approach to evaluation is based on discounting cash flows. When applying this method, significant capital investments are compared with devalued effects in subsequent years due to discounting, during which the infrastructure object reaches the specified estimated load. Moreover, it does not consider the fact that the transport infrastructure benefits and holds value not only for the current generation but also for the future one. Additionally, it, as an economic good, cannot be seen as a one-timely consumed product: this transportation service cannot be accumulated. For a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of the efficiency, particularly in the case of railway transport, it is proposed to consider the results of long-term operation of the transport infrastructure at full (estimated) load not in the future but in the present (present сontinious). The economic assessment indicators include initially invested and adjusted capital, annual effect, efficiency ratio, and the value of the transport infrastructure object. The research results aim to provide an adequate assessment of project implementation efficiency in the field in question. In the future, the methodology can be enhanced by defining risks of not ensuring normal infrastructure load throughout the entire calculation period as well as by assessing the reduction in profitability or increase in transportation costs.

This paper examines the theoretical foundations and provisions for the formation of balanced economic growth and development of the region considering its territorial, socio-economic, resource, and structural features and using the Republic of Tatarstan as an example. The paper analyses the theoretical and methodological apparatus proposed by scientists and specialists in ensuring the economic growth and development of the region. The purpose is to identify the main risks, factors and problems in the economic sectors of the Republic of Tatarstan, which to one degree or another are capable of influencing the processes of forming the balanced economic growth and development of the region. Based on the analysis, the paper identifies common problems for the regions and formulates the main directions for improving the economic situation in the region, and also submits for consideration the authors’ model of interaction between enterprises, state and municipal entities in order to reduce the negative impact of previously identified threats and problems, which considers new global challenges, transformations and restructures in economic processes associated with the introduction of restrictive measures, political isolation, various economic sanctions, and with the unresolved internal problems in the field of the economic growth and development of the Republic of Tatarstan.

The purpose of the article is to evaluate theoretical approaches to the study of various scientific and practical approaches of sustainable economic development. The author of the work has the following tasks: to conduct a comparative assessment of various scientists and economists studying theoretical approaches of sustainable strategic development of innovative potential of industrial enterprises; to identify the main directions of the theoretical approaches to its research of both Russian and foreign scientists; to determine the vectors of the strategic development of the innovative potential of companies in the industrial sector; to analyse and classify the methods that scientists use to study the essence and typology of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises within the economic system. Finally, the theoretical approaches to the study of the sustainable development of the innovative potential of enterprises of the regional industrial complex have been evaluated and used, the research results are formulated. The methods and techniques of application of various innovative technologies, ways, etc. are considered and evaluated. At the present stage of sustainable economic development this is of great importance. The results of the conducted research can be applied while formulating directions for the industrial and spatial development of the country’s economic sectors as well as for the strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises.

The article examines the complex issues of Arctic security arising from changing geopolitical realities; explores the new Cold War atmosphere in the region mixed with melting ice, which affects military planning and opens new economic opportunities and access to natural resources. Particular attention is paid to the reasons for the competition of great powers for primacy in the Arctic. It is noted that in recent years, the region has begun to shift from the principles of international cooperation and has quickly transformed into an arena of great power rivalry. The military presence has increased as well as the competing economic investments and political activity from significant political actors: Russia, China, and the United States of America. Now that all the great powers are investing in the Arctic, the concept of peace and cooperation is giving way to the concept of security and deterrence. To examine these factors, thе article uses a typical neorealist view of international relations, arguing that the driving force behind the rapid growth of the Arctic race is not the region itself, but the transforming structure of the international relations, which tends to effectively reproduce the causes of global competition. It the author’s view, peaceful rivalry in the Arctic may not last long, given the lack of effective institutions to address security issues in the region and the fact that changes in the global balance of power also affect local disputes and grievances.

Under the current Western economic sanctions, one of the most important tasks facing the state is to increase the level of innovation in the national economy. Investment and innovation activity has a direct impact on the volume of production potential and, as a consequence, on the formation of budget revenues. The subject of the study is the use of methods of tax regulation of innovation in the regions. The purpose of the article is tax incentives for investment activities by the methods provided by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in federal districts using the example of value added tax, corporate property tax, and corporate profit tax. The following methods аre used in the study: analysis and synthesis, generalisation, grouping, the tabular one. The information base for the research are the Tax Code of the RF, reports of the Federal Tax Service of Russia on these taxes. The work examines foreign and domestic experience in applying methods and benefits to stimulate innovative business activity. The study has found that in the regions, at an extremely low level, they take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Tax Code of the RF in pursuing innovation policy, in particular, in conducting research and development, using the methods of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, and investment tax deductions. The analytical data and conclusions obtained during the study can be used in the practical activities of regions and economic entities.

The Russian Federation borders with 18 foreign countries. Seven of them are NATO members as of March 2024. The state border of Russia passes through the territory of almost half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The shelling of the territory of the Russian Federation by the armed forces of Ukraine radically changes the situation in the sphere of not only of military, but also of socio-economic security, primarily in the border regions of Russia. The issue of their protection, elimination of weaknesses and organization of society’s life in a new, unstable, largely unfavorable external environment is especially acute. The formation of resources necessary for solving these issues largely depends on the current level of economic development of the country and its border regions. The author’s purpose was to illustrate some aspects of the economic situation in the border regions of the Russian Federation, given the current circumstances where Russia’s adversaries are attempting to create areas of tension near the Russian borders, exemplified by Ukraine, Poland, and the Baltic States. To achieve this goal, the author solved several tasks. They are: selecting the subjects of the Russian Federation to be studied, determining the set of statistical indicators to be analyzed, and determining the length of the dynamic range for each indicator. We also constructed the dynamics of change for these selected indicators. The results of the author’s analysis of seven statistical indicators that reflect the socio-economic situation in 36 selected border regions of the Russian Federation are presented below. The analyzed statistical data are taken for the period from 1995 to 2021. The economic and statistical research was carried out on the basis of data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, most of which are published in statistical collections “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic Indicators”. The article shows that a number of the studied parameters indicate the need to strengthen the economic power of the Russian border regions in modern and possible future conditions. The obtained results can be useful for legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation in the development and implementation of the development policy of regions that have a particularly important strategic importance.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the increasing spread of e-commerce. For the effective development of a company in this area, a strategy with certain features is necessary, and the purpose of the study is to determine the author’s concept of its development. The article reflects the most important stages of this process, defines the main competencies of developers. When forming the strategy, the following aspects were taken into account: a short period of time allowed for making managerial decisions; the need for highly qualified personnel developing a strategy, carrying out promotion and contacting the consumer, as well as the fact that innovations, the search for free markets serve as a source of development for e-commerce companies, which corresponds to the strategy of the “blue ocean”. The study was carried out using methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a systematic approach the authors analyzed an array of scientific publications on the topic under study. The results of the work are of practical value for specialists involved in strategic planning in the field of e-commerce, as well as for the researchers and students interested in the issues discussed in the article.

Over the past few years, the field of artificial intelligence and neurotechnology has moved beyond the scope of exclusive scientific discussion to the realm of public policy. The state is an important participant in technological progress, which allows us to consider in detail the connection between government officials and neurosciences, because, according to a large number of scientists, it is this segment of sciences that will allow humanity to transition to a new technological order. The purpose of this study is to consider the theoretical foundations of the interaction of the subjects of the public administration system with end-to-end technologies and to search for practical examples of the implementation of this interaction. In the course of the work such methods as theoretical analysis, comparison and contrast, cognitive method, system analysis, and analysis of statistical data were used. The theoretical foundations of the study of neurotechnologies, as well as the market of the existing neuroprosthetics products, were considered. The authors of the research studied and compared examples of the development of plans and the application of artificial intelligence and neurotechnologies in such countries as Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and analysed global rankings of digitalisation of public administration. Based on this, it was concluded that countries are actively participating in a new technological race, trying to introduce artificial intelligence in the field of public administration in order to gain their own advantage, however the sluggishness of states in the development of neurotechnologies, with subsequent implementation in the public sector, was noted, and the fact of significant differences in the understanding of artificial intelligence in public administration around the world was revealed. This fact creates a field for further research and discussion. The results of the research can be used in the framework of further study of the analyzed aspects by scientific and research organizations, within the framework of the activities of federal authorities, as well as private companies.

The purpose of the study is to review the current positions and views of the scientific community regarding the influence of cognitive distortions (both individual and group) on decision-making within such an approach to project management as agile framework. The article defines the concepts of “project”, “project management”, “agile project management framework”, “heuristics”, “cognitive distortions”; it describes what kind of decisions (according to the hierarchical structure) can be made when using agile project management frameworks. On the basis of analysis of a number of scientific works, the existence of the problem of success (efficiency) of implemented (including IT) projects even if modern flexible frameworks of project management are used is fixed. The author of the study considers the concept of heuristics and cognitive distortions (both individual and group), describes the manifestation of individual and group cognitive biases, gives examples of individual and group cognitive biases’ impact to decisions taken in Agile project management. As a result, the author proposes a classification of likely to manifest individual and group cognitive biases at each of the three levels of decision-making in Agile (according to the hierarchical structure): operational decisions, tactical decisions, strategic decisions. The author also provides an overview of the development of decision-making theory and describes three main approaches to the consideration of the empirical decision-making process: according to D. Kahneman and A. Tversky (heuristic approach; behavioral economics), according to G. Gigerenzer (ecological rationality approach), according to G. Klein (naturalistic approach). The author also identifies a possible further vector for the development of research in this direction. The result of the work was the classification of probable individual and group cognitive distortions at each of the three levels of decision-making in flexible project management frameworks (according to the hierarchical structure): operational, tactical, and strategic.

In recent years, companies in the retail sector have begun to introduce and incorporate the principles of sustainable development into their strategies and began to publish reports on sustainable development. ESG transformation of companies in the retail industry has its own characteristics. The purpose of the work is to determine the directions of ESG transformation in retail companies, as well as tools for ensuring transparency of activities in the field of sustainable development. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of sustainable development and ESG, methods of statistical analysis, a systematic approach, scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of sustainable development, ESG transformation of retail companies. In the course of the work the author has identified 6 areas of ESG transformation that are most relevant and consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals and the industry specifics of the retail sector. It was revealed that there is a problem of comparability of ESG ratings and rankings from various agencies, insufficient prevalence of the practice of publishing non-financial reporting by organisations from this segment.The set of non-financial indicators proposed by the author for retail companies are grouped by areas of ESG transformation, as well as by Sustainable Development Goals. The publication of the proposed indicators in the annual report or sustainability report is intended to help management and interested stakeholders evaluate the results of ESG transformation of retail companies in more depth and detail.

With the increasing uncertainty of the external environment, the capabilities of companies become the driving force behind their operations and development, making the management of these capabilities an important task for management. The aim of the research is to develop a toolkit for measuring a company’s capabilities, assessing their condition, and evaluating their impact on productivity. The author’s concept is presented, according to which the final results of the company’s activity are formed through the mechanism of interaction of the company’s organizational capability with acquired resources, the formation of resource capabilities (production, financial, labor, and market) and their transformation into tangible and intangible products. Based on this model, methodological guidelines have been developed for measuring the capabilities of organizations and assessing their impact on the final results, a value-functional approach to selecting appropriate indicators, and analytical tools. The following methods have been substantiated: modeling, the indicator method, data convolution, scaling, and statistical methods. To measure capabilities, it is proposed to use indicators aggregated into composite indices through a developed algorithm. The use of sales growth rate, market capitalization, profit before taxes, and net cash flow as the final results of the company (productivity indicators) has been justified. To solve analytical tasks at different levels of management, combinations of methods, tools and indicators called “research formats” (detailed, diagnostic, express diagnostic analysis) were developed. The results of the empirical testing of the author’s research are presented: through detailed analysis, the validity of the proposed approach and tools has been established, and through diagnostic analysis, the stability of the selected indicators and constructed mathematical models beyond the observation period was identified. The result is a toolkit for researching crucial company’s capabilities, enabling management to analyze and monitor these capabilities, assess their productivity, make forecasts of productivity indicators, and develop a system for managing the organization’s capabilities.

Based on earlier research, two primary categories of characteristics influence bank profitability. First, each bank has a unique set of profitability drivers that are often the direct outcome of management choices (quality, size, capitalization, efficiency, asset structure, and revenue divergence). The second group of determinants consists of elements like industry concentration, economic growth, inflation, and interest rates related to the profitability of the industry formation and the macroeconomic environment in which the banking system conducts. Capital adequacy may be defined as the ratio of the institution’s main capital to its assets, including loans and investments, to gauge a financial institution’s stability and strength. This paper examines the correlation between capital adequacy and banks’ profitability through the moderating impact of macroeconomic variables like inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates in the banking sectors of Malaysia, Indonesia, and Turkey. To this end, panel data were gathered from the OIC statistics database concerning 2010 and 2021. The study’s regression analysis exposed that although inflation has a significant negative influence on banks’ profitability, while the capital adequacy ratio, exchange rate, and interest rate have positive and significant impacts. Regarding the moderating effect, both inflation and interest rates have a significant positive and negative impact on the relationship between banks’ profitability and capital adequacy, respectively. Additionally, macroeconomic variable interactions with capital adequacy are not statistically significant.

In the conditions of modernization of higher education, the importance of effective methods of managing the personnel potential of universities and higher education institutions is increasing. The use of segmentation allows you to form an effective strategy for personnel management of various categories, minimize personnel risks, save time and financial resources. The purpose of the study is to identify the technologies of behavioral segmentation of the organization’s personnel and to consider the possibilities of their use in the management of the human resources potential of higher education institutions. The analysis of the data of sociological surveys indicates the presence of significant difficulties in conducting behavioral segmentation of university teachers, which is due to a wide range of objective and subjective factors that determine the specifics of professional strategies of teachers. Based on the research results, a variant of behavioral segmentation of teachers is proposed, taking into account two factors: on the one hand, the level of expectations from work, requests to the employer, the most significant for teachers, on the other hand, the level of practical implementation of requests and expectations from the professional activity of teachers. The general characteristics and boundaries of the segments allocated depending on behavioral characteristics can become the basis for the development and implementation of a differentiated personnel policy, the formation of an effective system of motivation of employees of different categories. The behavioural segmentation of teachers, proposed by the author of this study, is based on general marketing approaches to the analysis of motivational orientations and preferences of a specific category of employees; the article considers a wide range of factors that determine teachers’ satisfaction with their work. The complexity of the implementation of these approaches is due to the fact that there is no universal toolkit for behavioral segmentation of personnel, and the choice of criteria and methods for separating and dividing personnel should be specified each time taking into account the objectives facing managers.

The medical industry is strategically important for the national economy and healthcare. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of local MedTech capacity and production facilities to meet the needs of the healthcare market. The purpose of the study is to conduct the analysis of the Russian market of artificial lung ventilation devices (ventilators). Materials and methods. The analysis of customs statistics data was carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Activity of the Russian Federation (RF), the Federal Customs Service of Russia (FCS Russia), Federal Tax Service of Russia (FTS Russia), Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Health Care (Roszdravnadzor) as well as the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity (FEACN RF). During the study, statistical methods were used, as well as analysis and synthesis. The author determined the number of ventilator models present on the Russian market, the dynamics of their import and export volumes (during and after the COVID-19 pandemic) in the country context. Results. Up to 200 ventilator models from 87 vendors are represented on the RF market. The volume of imports of ventilators in 2022 amounted to $ 32.0 million (2.2 billion rubles). After a jump in imports during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, the volume of deliveries fell to 43 million (-23% by 2019), and in 2022 the decline was 25% (-44% by 2019). In 2020, the imports volume of value of ventilators increased 6.5 times. In 2021, the volume of imports and exports immediately fell below the indicators of the pre-crisis period. Deliveries from Germany decreased by 52%, the USA — by 86%, Korea — by 98%, France — by 29%, Slovakia — by 36%, and from Sweden stopped altogether. China has increased the volume of imports, adding 81% by 2021, and Switzerland to 41%. The volume of exports amounted to $ 383 thousand (410 million rubles), including exports to the EAEU countries amounted to $ 88 thousand, exports to non-CIS countries decreased by 95% (from $ 6.7 million to $ 0.3 million in 2021-2022). Conclusion. The results of this study can be applied by Russian ventilator manufacturers to assess the growth potential, as well as by government authorities to set priorities for strategic development by segments of the medical devices market.

The subject of the study is the activities of the Federal Tax Service (FTS of Russia), which annually strives to fulfil the objectives of not only increasing tax revenues to the budgets of the budgetary system of Russia, but also to improve the quality level of its activities. The key tool for the fulfillment of this goal for more than a decade remains digital technologies, allowing primarily for the improvement of tax control. Aim and objectives of the study. The analysis of the evolution of the development of technologies of control activity of tax authorities has led to the conclusion that strategically the control activity of the Federal Tax Service of Russia is increasingly built on the changing significance of other functions of tax authorities, among which the tax authority highlighted the service function. The article considers the foundations of the origin of the service function of tax authorities, transformation processes and development prospects taking into account new tools of interaction between tax authorities and taxpayers. At the same time, it touches upon the new services of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, as well as current directions of solving acute issues, in particular, the transition to EDI, the expansion of tax monitoring subjects, construction of a digital tax code, new tools for pre-trial consideration of tax disputes and minimization of tax risks. The study ultimately resulted in the construction of a scheme of the digital outline of the Russian tax system with the allocation of promising areas for further development.

Introduction. Based on the available data, the main practices of self-preservation behavior of the population 15 years and older are studied. An individual’s self-preservation behavior is considered in two main areas: everyday life - behavior for preventing illness and during illness (contacting a medical professional). Materials and methods. State statistics data were used as an empirical basis; results of selective monitoring of the population’s health status for the period from 2019 to 2023; database of the Russian Monitoring of Economics and Health (RLMS-HSE) for the period from 1994 to 2022. The data made it possible to consider the problem of self-preservation behavior in dynamics and in the context of socio-demographic groups. Results. In Russia, there are few people with a high commitment to a healthy life: 7.0% of men and 10.9% of women. Few people eat enough fruits and vegetables every day: 14.2% of the population (2022 - 12.0%), rural population - 15.9%, urban population - 13.6%. There are regional differences in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which may be related to the availability and eating habits of the population. In some types of behavior, people began to behave more responsibly. The majority of the population (68.8%) do not smoke and have not smoked before; 12.3% have quit smoking. For women, the dynamics have not changed over 26 years, but men began to smoke 18.6% less. Alcohol consumption has decreased significantly; representatives of the 35-54 year old group (every tenth) consume it more often. Positive dynamics in physical activity; currently, more than half of citizens are systematically involved in physical culture and sports - 56.8% (according to the Ministry of Sports). In case of health problems, one third of Russians (37.8% of men and 39.5% of women) went to a polyclinic, to a doctor, the majority treated themselves, the situation worsened with the onset of the pandemic in 2020. Conclusion. In general, the behavior of the population for the purpose of health prevention has a positive trend, but remains at a low level and cannot make a significant contribution to improving the health of the population. At the same time, population activity during the period of illness also remains at a low level, and there is no positive dynamics. Against the backdrop of increasing morbidity, more than half of citizens do not consult a doctor during illness and engage in self-treatment.

Introduction. Access to information, digital products and services contributes to reducing barriers in individual’s interaction with state, organizations, and other individuals, also providing opportunities for human development. The author assesses the digital inequality level of the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District. Materials and methods. Theoretically, the research is based on the concept of three levels of digital inequality, according to which inequality can be manifested at the level of access to Internet and information and communication technologies; at the level of the users’ digital skills and competencies; at the level of benefits obtained from the use of digital technologies and impacting individual life chances. The materials used are: statistical data of the Russian information society development monitoring, research on the digital literacy of the Russian population, conducted by the Analytical Center of the National Agency for Financial Research, the Russian Association of Electronic Communications, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation and the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, as well as the results of an expert survey conducted by the author in 2023 with state civil servants of the Sverdlovsk region and employees of “Electronic government operator”, the state budgetary institution of the Sverdlovsk region. Results. The article reveals the specific features of digital inequality of the entities of the Ural Federal District. The geographical features of the region paradoxically affects the digital inequality level. The more compactly located territories of the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions provide for the appropriate infrastructure with better broadband Internet access. A social consequence of low Internet access in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is, in part, that not all medical organizations can be connected to the Integrated National Health Information System. In addition, there is no direct correlation between Internet access and digital skills development. On the contrary, remoteness and inaccessibility of territories act as drivers for the development of digital competencies of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yugra residents, who are more efficient in using digital technologies in e-commerce and public services. Discussions and conclusions. “Bridging the Digital Divide” federal program implementation will increase the information infrastructure availability. Conscious and focused effort is required to improve digital literacy and cyber hygiene of the population.

Introduction. Digital economy has generated a completely new model of human-machine interaction based on the active use of digital technologies in almost all spheres of human activity. Most information systems used by organizations are integrated with big data analytics, which requires higher qualified staff. The job responsibilities of employees change according to industry and corporate needs. The requirements for staff qualification are increasing, urging the company HR service to find, attract and retain specialists of the required qualifications, and organize staff development in the organization. Innovations in decision-making algorithms make artificial intelligence the most useful tool for implementing a human resource management strategy in an organization. Materials and methods. The article uses general scientific research methods, such as qualitative analysis, observation method, synthesis, logical induction method and others. The information basis of the article consists of scientific research works, official documents, and information posted in the media. A secondary analysis of the research on the topic under study was carried out. Results. Despite the fact that the processes related to personnel management have always been a human cognitive ability, artificial intelligence technologies can currently provide technical solutions in the field of recruitment and further staff development. Artificial intelligence plays an important role in collecting candidate data from various sources, and is able to evaluate the required candidates based on a job description more effectively and objectively than a HR officer. Artificial intelligence can more accurately describe a job that corresponds to the business process in skills. Artificial intelligence technologies can play an important role in the process of organizing professional development and retraining of staff. The use of artificial intelligence provides for obtaining more personalized and understandable results excluding the "human factor". In this article, special attention is paid to artificial intelligence technologies, which can be effectively used in staff management. The opportunities to increase the HR employees’ productivity are considered, main risks of artificial intelligence introduction are highlighted and recommendations for its efficient application are given. The research novelty is in identification of the scope of the use of artificial intelligence in the organizational personnel policy, making it possible to realize the opportunities for revealing the creative potential of the organization’s employees and increase competitiveness. Discussion. It is absolutely clear that AI is becoming an integral part of business ecosystems, and necessary to maintain and increase the level of competitiveness of economic agents. Nevertheless, AI is constantly evolving, which allows companies to expand the functionality of its use. However, it is important to define the boundaries of AI use, including how human-machine interaction will be ensured, which functions can be given to AI, and which can be abandoned.

Introduction. Pension systems are a key element of social protection for the elderly. They are designed to provide senior citizens with stable income not from work. However, pension systems currently being developed in Europe are increasingly exposing the working-age population to the risk of poverty in old age. The European pension paradigm strives for an adequate level of pension payments and builds financial protection against poverty, while the future evolution of wages and prices remains unknown for Europe as a whole. Methods. Scientific research is based on general and special methods of scientific cognition. In the process of forming the concept of the scientific article, modern scientific methods of studying economic and social phenomena were used, including methods of system-structural, functional, factorial and comparative analysis, as well as categorical, logical and structural analysis and synthesis, detailing and generalization, grouping and comparison, identification of cause-and-effect relationships. The authors proceed from an understanding of the scientific hypothesis of reforming the pension system, which ensures long-term investment by the working-age population with income in the future. The empirical base of the study was made up of current data from cross-country comparative studies of Europe in terms of typology of state pension systems. Results. Based on the functional method of cognition, the authors of the scientific article systematize the main types of state pension systems of the European Union, representing the complex content of the indicator value of pension payments. It is noted that in the context of reforming the pension systems of the European Union countries, the reorganization of the functional and ideological components of pension provision, aimed at protecting consumers of pension savings, makes it possible to increase the socio-economic standard of living. Although EU pension systems differ in many respects, they all have one common problem - finding ways to maintain the financial sustainability of the budgetary system while paying pensions in the long term against the backdrop of an aging population and the problem of increasing the ratio of pensioners to the working-age population.

Introduction. Despite the implementation of serious measures in the framework of state family policy to stabilise the demographic situation, it remains difficult in most regions. This is due, firstly, to the new challenges the country is facing, and secondly, to the complexity of the very processes that need to be controlled. Population size, being a complex quantitative indicator of the stability of society, is determined by a number of demographic processes, among which fertility remains the main one. The number of studies attempting to identify the factors determining fertility trends is growing. All of them demonstrate the complexity and multifactorial nature of the process and the changes taking place. More and more often attention is paid to the demographic characteristics (sex-age and marriage structure) of the population as a starting point from which to begin the assessment of the territory and its reproductive potential. Nizhny Novgorod region, being a typical Russian region, has been demonstrating an unfavourable scenario of demographic situation development in recent decades. The article attempts to describe and assess the reproductive potential of the region, to identify the possibilities and limitations of fertility growth in the current conditions, based on the analysis of the ‘demographic’ factor. Materials and methods. The analysis and conclusions are based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service on demographic processes in Russia and the region for 1990-2023 (population size, birth rate, marriage rate, divorce rate), as well as on the data of regional sociological studies on fertility and family/reproductive behaviour. Results and discussion. The results of the study provide little basis for a favourable forecast in the region. On the one hand, the sex and age structure of the population is not yet characterised by disproportion in fertile ages, except for the oldest groups. However, there is a high probability of its appearance in younger ages under current conditions. In addition, active and potential fertile groups of women are significantly smaller than older groups. The marriage structure is becoming more stable, but with a high probability of divorce, acceptability of cohabitation, and a shift of births to older groups. The studies record a persistent gap between the desired and actual number of children in different socio-demographic groups, which, from the authors' point of view, is important and requires careful research to correctly stimulate fertility.

Introduction. The purpose of this study is a systematic analysis of the stakeholder relations on the issue of the formation and management of decentralized capital repair funds. The high social significance of capital repairs of residential real estate, coupled with a high degree of wear and tear, determines the need for coordinated and effective stakeholder interaction, the involvement of public authorities in co-financing expenses and the development of effective mechanisms for the rational allocation of funds from decentralized capital repair funds formed in special accounts in banking organizations and protecting them from inflationary processes. Materials and methods. The authors explore institutional factors in the implementation of major renovations of apartment buildings, identify the key stakeholders of these processes, their interests and risks, and reveal the presence of an agency problem. Based on statistical data and regulations, the authors conduct economic modeling of the formation of a decentralized capital repair fund using the example of an existing homeowners' association, and calculate target indicators for the efficiency of capital repair fund management. Results. The conducted research revealed inconsistency of the current management approaches and the impossibility of forming major overhaul funds in sufficient size to replace elevator equipment after the shelf life expiry without external financing. The authors conduct a study of the agency problem that arises when managing funds placed in special accounts for major overhaul, and identify the presence of informal institutional factors that prevent the formation of a "mature real estate owner". Discussion. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed regulatory measures that could positively affect the effectiveness of relations on the issue of formation and management of decentralized capital repair funds. In addition to regulatory measures, the authors consider it necessary to involve municipal deputies in awareness-raising activities aimed at creating a “mature property owner.” The scientific novelty of this study consists in the development of management and regulation methods for the formation of decentralized capital repair funds on the basis of the synthesis of stakeholder and institutional approaches.

Introduction. The article considers opportunities to improve demographic potential as a critical factor influencing the socio-economic development of rural areas. Materials and methods. To study the actual demographic situation in the Novosibirsk region and the regions of the Siberian Federal District, statistical analysis methods were used - index, tabular methods, etc. The empirical basis for this was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, including the Territorial Authority for the Novosibirsk Region, on demographic processes in the Novosibirsk region for the 2010-2023 period (population size, structure, natural increase, migration increase, migration balance, total population growth rate, birth and death rate, average life expectancy). To analyze the implementation of the strategy for sustainable development of rural areas in the Russian Federation, a retrospective method was used, with the help of which the persistence of negative demographic trends in rural areas was shown. To work out recommendations for the development of corporate social policy directions for large organizations of the agro-industrial complex, the authors relied on strategic and systemic analysis methods to identify the potential and develop measures of corporate social policy of agricultural producers in the Novosibirsk region. Results. Consideration of the all-Russian situation regarding the development of rural areas showed that it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of the demographic potential of these territories. At the level of the Novosibirsk region, an analysis of the legislative framework allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to actively attract young people to rural areas, retaining them in agricultural enterprises, providing efficient employment and at the same time promoting the socio-economic development of rural areas. Discussion. Ensuring sustainable development of rural areas is impossible without solving demographic problems based on a regional demographic policy considering the interests of young rural families, and corporate demographic policy implementation at the level of agricultural enterprises.

Introduction. The relevance of this research is due to the need to develop an integration policy in Russia as an integral part of migration policy aimed at incorporating immigrants into the main social institutions. Intense migration flows with the absence of clear actors involved in integration policies, lead to the ethnic enclaves emergence, migrants isolation and other negative phenomena, which in their turn generate negative attitude towards migrants on the part of the local population. The purpose of the research is to single out the immigration policy time frame, which would correspond to particular models of external migrants integration into the Russian society, to analyze models of migrants integration in the context of public migration policy from 1992 up to now, and work out recommendations to formulate the migrants integration policy. Materials and methods. The research methods used are theoretical analysis of the text of regulatory legal acts, scholarly literature, comparison and analogy methods, comparative legal and statistical approaches, and qualitative analysis of documents as a specific sociological method. Results. Based on the analysis of various models of migrant integration proposed by domestic and foreign scholars, the author’s typology is given as the foundation to identify stages and characterize types of the real integration models. The need to improve migration processes management in the field of integration policy is substantiated, and steps to form an adequate integration model are identified. Conclusions. By now, a considerable amount of work has been done in the Russian Federation to create a system of sociocultural immigrant integration. However, integration policy is not yet sound enough; no federal law is adopted to adequately regulate relevant social relations.

Introduction. With the increasing share of elderly people in the population, shifting the focus of attention towards solving the problems of healthy longevity is one of the conditions for ensuring social, economic and geopolitical sustainability of modern society. However, despite the relevance of the issue, we can talk about the existence of a number of problems that reduce the effectiveness of the implementation of the active longevity policy and dictate the need for further theoretical and empirical research. The purpose of the article is to elaborate the definition of active longevity, analyze and systematize the main determinants affecting the increase in life expectancy and quality of life, and identify the key contradictions demonstrating the vulnerable nature of the concept of active longevity as a political, economic and social construct. Methodology. The methodology of the study is based on the concepts of active longevity, demographic, epidemiological and reverse epidemiological transitions, approaches considering active longevity specifics in male and female populations, the theory of demographic security and demographic well-being. To confirm the theoretical conclusions, a secondary analysis of the results of sociological research on this issue was used. The information base of the article was compiled by the official statistics of the United Nations and the Federal State Statistics Service. Results. To study the phenomenon of active longevity, the scientific literature uses concepts that affect various aspects of the well-being of elderly people and best meet the needs and/or challenges of a modern “aging" society. The whole set of factors of active longevity can be conditionally combined into three groups: macro-, meso- and micro-level factors. In the case of a society in a state of permanent transformation, socio-economic, political, cultural and historical factors, the state of ecology, the specifics of social structure and stratification, working and living conditions, and the development of social networks are decisive. An analysis of strategic regulatory documents at the international and Russian levels, adopted as part of the implementation of the active longevity strategy has demonstrated a shift in emphasis to considering the problems of population aging not as a demographic threat, but as a global process that provides new opportunities for realizing the potential of the population of older age groups and society as a whole. Conclusions. A conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of population aging in scientific and political discourse, including a shift in focus towards active longevity, opens up great prospects both for the elderly themselves and for the state interested in realizing the potential of older people, including for ensuring socio-economic, political and demographic security and sustainability. The classification of determinants of active longevity proposed in this article covers the entire set of macro-, meso- and micro-level factors and can be used to adjust active longevity strategies at the federal and regional levels. It is also important to take into account and resolve the contradictions that demonstrate the vulnerability of the concept of active longevity and require close attention from authorities, public structures and the scientific community.

Introduction. Scientific discussions on the implementation of the second demographic transition have not been completed, it is possible to identify specific features of changes in the structure of families in different countries or different social groups (for example, religious ones), but it is premature to talk about the universality of this process. In modern Russia, the social structure of families and households has changed, however, in order to capture the essence of the changes and identify the factors that have had an impact; it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation. The answers to the following questions are of scientific interest: how the structure of families in Russia has changed; what motivation is the basis for reproducing the structure of large families in different periods of demographic transition? The article presents an analysis of empirical data that allows us to identify trends in the transformation of the structure of the Russian family; to characterize the motives of reproductive behavior in large families, to determine what conditions and resources are required in large families to form or maintain well-being. Materials and methods. The information base was the data of the All-Russian population censuses for 2002, 2010 and 2020; the results of the author's research were an in-depth interview with parents from a large family in the course of the All-Russian sociological study ‘Demographic well-being of the regions of Russia’, 2021. Results. The changes in the structure of Russian families towards the increasing share of large families under the influence of demographic policy measures have been revealed, the consolidation of this trend requires the implementation of targeted measures to support the institution of a large family, which, in the authors’ opinion, should correspond to the ideal model of a ‘prosperous family’. Discussion. It is important to develop a demographic policy strategy taking into account trends in the structure of Russian families. The analysis of interviews with large families provided for the formulation of the main directions of assistance to large families, as well as to systematize social practices of members of large families aimed at preserving and developing the family well-being.

Introduction. This paper is devoted to identifying the role of family and children in the value system of Kaliningrad university students. This aspect is important both in connection with the current demographic situation, as well as with the decision to declare 2024 the Year of the Family in Russia. Materials and methods. In 2023, a survey was conducted among students of Kaliningrad universities, which was attended by 241 people aged 18-24 years. The questionnaire consisted of six “open” questions. Students were asked to give their own definition of the concept of “values”; to name the most significant values; to describe the ideal family model; to determine the role of children in general and in their own life strategies; to explain the reasons for wanting or not wanting to have children. This type of survey was designated as an express interview. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of demographic well-being, according to which demographic processes must be considered simultaneously at the macro and micro levels. In this research, the focus was on the micro level. Results. The study revealed that the majority of respondents perceive values as basic attitudes that define a person’s life, are expressed in spiritual and material things and are passed on to the next generations. The most important values are recognized as family, friendship, money, love, freedom and health. Talking about the ideal family, the survey participants described the relationships they would like to see in the family. Only a few people consider the ideal families in which they grew up and live. The majority of respondents intend to have children in the future, although some make a reservation that there must be appropriate conditions for this. At the same time, a significant proportion of young people were identified who expressed a fundamental reluctance to have children. Discussion. Based on the conducted research, it was revealed that the family is the most significant category in the students’ value system. The ideal is a complete family without financial problems, whose members live in an environment of mutual understanding, support and love. For most respondents, children seem to be a necessary part of the family. Some survey participants expressed unwillingness to perform parental functions. The conducted research has demonstrated the importance of analyzing demographic processes at the micro level, that is, from a human perspective, taking into account his values and life attitudes.

Introduction. The modern development of China, on the one hand, demonstrates high economic results to the whole world, and on the other hand, every year the Chinese government faces various problems, among which is the uneven socio-economic situation of the Eastern, Western, Central and Northeastern regions, as well as negative demographic trends, associated with reduction and aging of the population. Moreover, the demographic situation in different parts of the country has its own specifics. The most difficult situation, both in terms of regional economic indicators and population size, is observed in the provinces of the North-Eastern region of the PRC. Materials and methods. The author analyzed the materials of the Heilongjiang Statistical Bureau, documents of the People's Government of the province in question regarding negative demographic trends, which made it possible to determine the specifics of regional population policy in this territory. The main research methods were systematic, which made it possible to identify patterns in the implementation of regional demographic policy in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang; statistical method contributed to the consideration of quantitative characteristics of the demographic development of Heilongjiang. Results. The reasons of the negative demographic trends in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang are considerable population reduction and annual outflow of highly qualified personnel to the eastern and southeastern Chinese provinces. Starting from 2021, Heilongjiang Province has developed a population policy system under the slogan ‘maintaining comprehensive revival through high-quality demographic development’, including four main areas: 1) improving measures to support fertility; 2) attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel; 3) efficient use of the labor of senior workers; 4) compliance with migration rules. Discussion. The administration of Heilongjiang Province focuses on improving the quality of life of the population. The emerging system of legal regulation of the regional demographic policy in Heilongjiang Province is aimed at involving all organizations, institutions, funds, and public associations in the process of solving the difficult demographic situation connected with population reduction in cities, towns, rural and near-border northeastern regions of China.

У статті розроблено концептуальні засади стратегічного повоєнного відновлення агропродовольчих систем на основі забезпечення економічного зростання національної економіки та забезпечення продовольчої безпеки країни, а також формування експортного потенціалу агропродовольчої продукції із високим значенням доданої вартості. В основу розробки системи заходів та практичних дій щодо стратегічного відновлення агропродовольчого сектору доцільно покласти міжгалузевий аналіз створення доданої вартості та її зорієнтованість на досягнення Цілей сталого розвитку. Аргументовано, що нинішні умови функціонування агропродовольчого сектору вимагають перегляду стратегічних програм та визначення інструментів його державної підтримки. Встановлено, що частка сільського господарства у багатьох країнах світу скорочується внаслідок розвитку галузей глибокого перероблення сільськогосподарської сировини, міграції населення, однак в Україні спостерігається досить високе значення цього показника при недостатній величині доданої вартості на одного працюючого. Зроблено висновок про відновлення набутих у минулому трендів порівняльних переваг української агропродукції, динаміки зростання її виробництва, розширення експорту за рахунок харчової продукції глибокого перероблення. З метою посилення позицій досліджуваного сектору економіки у світовому експорті та подолання імпортозалежності у технологіях та матеріально-технічних ресурсах передбачено реалізацію заходів з відродження цих галузей на основізабезпечення орієнтації сільського господарства на реалізацію моделі науково-технологічного розвитку «Agriculture 4.0». Висвітлено виклики глобальних кліматичних змін, волатильності цін на світовому ринку агропродовольства, воєнного стану в країні та інші, які впливають на розвиток національної агропродовольчої системи та визначено основні заходи щодо мінімізації їх негативного впливу. Зроблено висновок, що існує необхідність у розрахунку величини ресурсного потенціалу сільського господарства та розроблення системи практичних дій та заходів щодо його відновлення до величин довоєнного періоду, а також впровадження інноваційних технологій підвищення урожайності, продуктивності та зменшення продовольчих втрат. Доведено, що розвиток харчової індустрії повинен бути зорієнтованим на техніко-технологічну модернізацію існуючих потужностей харчової промисловості та створення нових виробництв з глибокого перероблення сільгоспсировини. Обґрунтовано комплекс заходів та інструментів підтримки підприємств харчової індустрії з метою диверсифікації товарного асортименту за рахунок виробництва здорової, функціональної їжі, продуктів глибокого перероблення сільськогосподарської сировини.

Стаття присвячена узагальненню підходів до ідентифікації територіальних одиниць й управління розвитком сільських територій в ЄС та обґрунтування необхідності його використання у вітчизняній практиці. Встановлено, що за майже двадцятирічний підготовчий період було апробовано кілька різних підходів до ідентифікації сільських територій і територіальних одиниць (типологія на основі сітки 1 км2; типології на рівні LAU 2, зокрема, ступінь урбанізації та ін.; на рівні NUTS 3, зокрема, місько-сільська типологія та ін.), які були удосконалені і представлені в Методичному посібнику з територіальних типологій. На сьогодні ця методика є базовою при встановленні спільної статистичної класифікації територіальних одиниць (NUTS). Узагальнено, що політику згуртування спрямовано на скорочення регіональних диспропорцій та сприяння економічній і соціальній згуртованості, а також територіальне зближення між державами-членами ЄС, яка проводиться з часу заснування ЄС – 1957 р. У 1992 р. було створено четвертий фонд політики згуртування – Фонд згуртування (ФЗ) для фінансування проєктів щодо покращення стану довкілля та транспортної інфраструктури в державах-членах, де ВНП на душу населення становить менше 90 % від середнього показника ЄС. Виявлено, що доповненням до інституційної архітектури стало формування у 2021 р. Фонду справедливого переходу, який відповідає парадигмі «зеленого» переходу ЄС. Аргументовано, що європейські структурні та інвестиційні фонди (ЄСІФ) є основним фінансовим інструментом підтримки політики згуртування і включають такі складові: ЄФРР (Європейський фонд регіонального розвитку), ЄСФ (Європейський соціальний фонд), Фонд згуртування (ФЗ), Європейський сільськогосподарський фонд розвитку сільських територій (EAFRD) і Європейський фонд морського та рибного господарства (EMFF). Встановлено, що ЄФРР є найбільшим компонентом ЄСІФ, який зосереджений на сприянні економічній та соціальній згуртованості шляхом інвестування в інфраструктуру, інновації та підприємництво. Виявлено, що цей Фонд підтримує проєкти, пов’язані з транспортом, енергетикою, цифровою інфраструктурою, науковими дослідженнями та інноваціями, а також переходом до низьковуглецевої економіки. Наголошено, що цей фонд сприяє зайнятості, соціальній інтеграції та розвитку навичок населення. Розглянуто особливості фонду згуртування, який передбачає надання фінансової допомоги країнам-членам, що мають нижче значення ВНД на душу населення за певний граничний рівень. Встановлено, що цей фонд підтримує великомасштабні інфраструктурні проєкти у сферах транспорту, енергетики та навколишнього середовища. Водночас фонди EAFRD та EMFF підтримують розвиток сільської місцевості та рибальства, відповідно, сприяючи досягненню загальних цілей політики згуртування. Доведено, що, починаючи з 2013 р., розроблення багаторічних програм розвитку сільських території країн ЄС було зосереджено на шести пріоритетах сталого розвитку: сприяння передачі знань та інновацій; підвищення конкурентоспроможності; сприяння організації продовольчого виробничого ланцюга й управління ризиками; відновлення, збереження і розвиток екосистем; підвищення ефективності використання ресурсів і перехід до низьковуглецевої економіки; сприяння соціальній інтеграції, скорочення бідності та економічний розвиток в сільській місцевості. Проаналізовано Європейський «зелений курс», який має на меті зробити Європу першим кліматично-нейтральним континентом до 2050 року. Щодо сільського господарства і продовольства, то «зелений курс» передбачає заходи підвищення стійкості у землеустрої, виробництві та споживанні продуктів харчування, зокрема, за допомогою заходів, які будуть включені до стратегічних планів спільної сільськогосподарської політики. Визначено активності та практичні дії у вітчизняній практиці щодо створення умов до імплементації європейського досвіду ідентифікації територіальних одиниць та готовності брати участь у залученні фінансових асигнування в рамках діючих програм на основі імплементації нормативно-правового забезпечення та спроможності освоювати виділені фінансові кошти у повному обсязі.

У статті систематизовано наукові засади дослідження інфраструктурної системи сільських територій. Метою статті є узагальнення теоретичних засад дослідження інфраструктурних систем сільських територій на основі вивчення положень системного, еволюційного, структурно функціонального, просторового підходів, принципів сталого розвитку, стратегічного управління та обґрунтування методологічних основ вивчення специфіки інфраструктури сільських територій. Визначено найбільш поширені підходи до дефініції поняття «інфраструктура»: сервісний, у рамках якого інфраструктура розглядається як основа обслуговування населення, виробничої діяльності тощо; відтворювальний – інфраструктура є основою для відтворення товарів, послуг, життєдіяльності та ін.; комплексний – інфраструктура як комплекс об’єктів; системний – інфраструктура як система, сукупність взаємопов’язаних між собою і зовнішнім середовищем об’єктів; просторовий – інфраструктура як утворювальна основа регіону, локальної території. Встановлено, що у сучасних дослідження інфраструктура розглядається як загальносистемне поняття, формується підхід до її розуміння як окремої цілісної системи, так і підсистеми іншого порядку, зокрема, просторової, соціально-економічної. Аргументовано, що в дослідженнях інфраструктури сільських територій найбільшого поширення набув просторовий підхід. Обґрунтовано, що просторові дослідження інфраструктури передбачають її розгляд не лише як системи обслуговування, але й як засобу розвитку, комунікаційної зв’язувальної платформи для територій, повноцінне функціонування якої зумовлюють системні ефекти галузевих і регіональних складових просторових формувань, соціально-економічних систем. Доповнено теоретичні аспекти концепції регіональної інфраструктури, які базуються на міждисциплінарному підході, на основі поєднання ключових положень теорії регіональної, просторової економіки, теорії систем, еволюційної економіки, теорії інфраструктури. Запропоновано дефініцію поняття «інфраструктурна система сільської території» як динамічної комплементарної структури, яка формує і трансформує просторову основу соціально-економічної діяльності на рівні сільської території, забезпечує розвиток взаємопов’язаних, взаємодіючих між собою і зовнішнім середовищем систем, елементів, об’єктів територій різних ієрархічних рівнів на основі взаємного доповнення.

У статті узагальнено теоретичні основи виникнення та розвитку кризових явищ в економічних системах та особливості їх прояву на макрорівні. Наголошено, що економічна криза - це складно структурована та багатофакторна система взаємозв’язків із зовнішнім середовищем, а також багатокомпонентна внутрішня структура, що й ускладнює процес її вивчення. Встановлено, що в науковій літературі переважає позиція розгляду кризи як несприятливої ситуації у розвитку окремих економічних систем, однак спостерігається наявність різних підходів до дефініції цього поняття, а також переваг її сприятливих і несприятливих характеристик. Узагальнено теоретичні засади економічної науки щодо розуміння сутності економічних криз та виділено такі підходи: класичний, раціонального поєднання ринкового саморегулювання та державного регулювання, посередницько-поведінковий. Встановлено, що кризу розглядали як чинник негативного впливу на економіку, зумовлений нестабільністю ринків, а також як процес, який вимагає оперативного реагування з метою стабілізації кризової ситуації та нейтралізації її наслідків. Привернуто увагу до такої характеристики кризи, як її тривалість, що залежить від стану зовнішнього і внутрішнього середовищ функціонування економічних систем та потребує проведення детальної ідентифікації чинників та векторів впливу. Систематизовано існуючі підходи до дефініції поняття «криза» та виділено дві основні групи, одна з яких розглядає кризу як негативне явище, а друга – як переломний період у життєвому циклі підприємства, як імпульс для подальшого розвитку, який може мати як негативні, так і позитивні наслідки. Зроблено висновок про необхідність відстеження менеджментом будь-якого підприємства середовища його функціонування з метою виявлення можливих причин виникнення криз та їх моніторингу. Обґрунтовано причини ймовірності виникнення кризи на рівні підприємства внаслідок зміни зовнішнього та внутрішнього середовищ його функціонування. Запропоновано розмежувати поняття «криза» як стан підприємства, який передбачає його дезорганізацію, та «кризовий процес» як нестабільний динамічний процес зміни значень основних параметрів його внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовищ. Авторський підхід до розгляду кризи передбачає розгляд стану підприємства в точці перелому, що визначається протиріччями між внутрішнім і зовнішнім середовищами, які за відсутності можливості їх розв’язання можуть спричинити незворотні наслідки для системи функціонування. Щодо розуміння кризового процесу, то його слід розглядати як процес, який змінює стан підприємства під впливом протиріч між внутрішнім та зовнішнім середовищами, що постійно змінює значення основних їх параметрів та має неперервний, динамічний, нестабільний, циклічний характер. Аргументовано, що кризовий процес починає виникати за умови невідповідності внутрішнього стану підприємства його макросередовищу, що може призвести до можливої його ліквідації. Обґрунтовано необхідність вивчення кризи за етапами кризового процесу, що дозволить визначити точки біфуркації, у яких підприємство стає нестійким, за періодами розвитку кризового процесу, та виділити такі види кризи: стратегічну, ліквідності, неплатоспроможності, критичну.

Проаналізовано сучасний стан кон’юнктури вітчизняного ринку кісточкових плодів, цінову ситуацію, розвиток зовнішньої торгівлі. Розглянуто питання виробництва та реалізації плодів у світі. Встановлено, що за обсягом світового виробництва перше місце серед кісточкових займають персики та нектарини. Лідером серед світових виробників кісточкових є Китай. Визначено, що потреби населення України в кісточкових плодах щодо норми споживання через його низький платоспроможний попит задовольняються лише на 70 %. Аргументовано, що через зосередження основного виробництва цих плодів у господарствах населення наявна диференціація у рівні споживання, адже хаотичність виробництва та продаж не можуть забезпечити рівномірності та достатності. Зроблено висновок, що вітчизняні кісточкові плоди залишаються менш конкурентоспроможними за цінами, ніж імпортовані, через неналагоджену інфраструктуру та недостатню державну підтримку ринку продукції садівництва. Метою дослідження є розкриття особливостей формування кон’юнктури світового і вітчизняного ринків плодів кісточкових культур та обґрунтування майбутніх перспектив розвитку. Варіативність ринку кісточкових плодів виявляється у зміні його кон’юнктури, вивчення якої здійснювалося за сукупністю економічних показників, розділених на групи: виробництво, внутрішній товарообіг, зовнішня торгівля, ціна. У процесі досліджень використовувалися діалектичний метод пізнання ринкових процесів та системний підхід, методи аналітичних узагальнень, статистичного порівняння, конструктивно-розрахунковий, абстрактно-логічний. Встановлено, що за структурою та насиченням ринок плодів кісточкових культур є недостатньо ефективним і потребує додаткового розширення якісної товарної пропозиції для забезпечення потреб споживачів. Підґрунтям для цього має бути нарощування обсягів виробництва садівницькими підприємствами, що потребує додаткової державної підтримки, зокрема, в аспекті ціноутворення, інвестування,кредитування та страхування. Актуальною залишається проблема збуту кісточкових плодів, що обумовлено недостатнім розвитком переробної галузі та незабезпеченістю підприємств сховищами для зберігання, що обмежує формування товарних партій плодів для експорту. Обґрунтовано, що в найближчій перспективі для оптимального забезпечення потреб споживачів плодовими необхідно розробити довгострокову програму розвитку внутрішнього ринку плодів кісточкових культур на основі враховування можливостей фінансової державної підтримки галузі садівництва та прогнозних показників забезпечення попиту.

Стаття присвячена узагальненню основних положень провідних економічних теорій в області інвестування, систематизовано основні етапи розвитку теорії дослідження інвестиційного процесу. Метою статті є вивчення еволюції та систематизація теоретичних засад, які розкривають сутність інвестиційних відносин та їх поглиблення в умовах актуалізації концепції сталого розвитку, економіки знань та формування інформаційної економіки. Доведено наявність тісного внутрішнього зв'язку інвестицій та інновацій, провідну роль інвестування у забезпеченні економічного зростання та переходу до технологічного укладу Industry 4.0, здійсненні структурних та інституціональних перетворень, цифровізації інвес-тиційного процесу, подоланні негативного впливу пандемії COVID-19, воєнних конфліктів тощо. Автором критично розглянуто положення провідних економічних шкіл в області інвестування та зроблено висновок щодо розвитку тео-рії дослідження інвестиційної діяльності, а також зміни інвестиційної поведінки господарюючих суб’єктів. Систематизовано методологічні підходи класичної, неокласичної, кейнсіанської, інституціональної економічних шкіл, які викладено в теоріях інвестицій та накопичення, що розкривають питання трансформації інвестиційного процесу під впливом факторів ендогенного і екзогенного характеру. Зроблено висновок, що інвестиційний процес відтворення суспільного капіталу, на якому базується економічний розвиток, змінюється в рамках історичної трансформації всієї системи економічних відносин, що зумовило вдосконалення інвестування відповідно до викликів індустріального розвитку економіки. Доведено, що найвищий рівень обґрунтованості та результативності для дослідження категорії інвестицій має системно-синергетична методологія, оскільки дозволяє поглибити уявлення про категорію інвестиції. Автором наголошено, що системно-синергетична методологія враховує інформаційну та екосистемну природу сучасного інвестиційного процесу, який відображає нелінійні тенденції руху та розвитку економічної системи, а також є механізмом здійснення інновацій суб’єктами господарювання. Обґрунтовано, що інвестиції - це самостійна економічна категорія, процес накопичення та розширеного відтворення суспільного капіталу, що розглядаються в якості цілісної єдиної складної системи. Аргументовано, що інвестиції - це складна багаторівнева, багатосуб'єктна і багатооб'єктна система відносин щодо накопичення суспільного капіталу в національній економіці. Доведено, що розвиток інвестиційних процесів на макро-, мезо-, мікрорівнях у сучасних умовах вимагає створення відповідної екосистеми організації процесу інвестування, результативне функціонування якої досягається за умови повного задоволення інтересів усіх стейкхолдерів. Відзначено, що в умовах актуалізації концепції сталого розвитку, циркулярної та «зеленої економіки» необхідно забезпечити реалізацію сталого інвестування з метою підвищення соціально-відповідального економічного розвитку на основі стандартів ESG-розвитку.

Метою статті є розкриття проблеми переходу до нової парадигми розвитку агропідприємств України в умовах Індустрії 5.0 завдяки стійким технологічним змінам, які зумовлені глобальними екологічними проблемами екосистеми, що характеризуються потеплінням та недостатністю природно-ресурсного потенціалу для задоволення потреб життєдіяльності населення планети. У статті використовуються системний та еволюційний підходи, які передбачають ієрархічність сутнісного розуміння змісту п’ятої промислової революції та проведення дослідження в цілому з виявленням різноманітних характерних її ознак, прямих і зворотних зв’язків та залежностей, що виникають у процесі впровадження інноваційних технологій в агровиробництво. Результати дослідження доводить вплив технологічних досягнень Індустрії 5.0 на економічне зростання і розвиток сільських територій, при якому природні активи продовжують забезпечувати ресурси та екологічні послуги. Доведено, що активне впровадження досягнень Індустрії 5.0 в діяльність агропідприємств забезпечує практичний та гнучкий підходи до досягнення конкретного, вимірного прогресу за всіма її економічними та екологічними принципами, водночас повністю беручи до уваги соціальні наслідки цифровізації динаміки економічного зростання. Нова парадигма розвитку агропідприємництва на основі Індустрії 5.0 спрямована на забезпечення повної реалізації економічного потенціалу природних активів у напрямі досягнення сталості, що забезпечує зростання ефективності організації виробничої діяльності агропідприємств, підвищення соціально-культурного розвитку сільських територій та зменшення негативного впливу на екосистему регіону. Аргументовано, що природні активи не можна змінювати нескінченно, тому в новій парадигмі розвитку агропідприємництва на основі технологій Індустрії 5.0 це має бути врахованим. Охарактеризовано, що інноваційні технології Індустрії 5.0 забезпечують практичний та гнучкий підходи до досягнення конкретного вимірного прогресу за всіма її економічними та екологічними принципами, водночас повністю беручи до уваги соціальні наслідки динаміки зростання цифровізації та роботизації агровиробництва. Практичний зміст визначається тим, що теоретико-методологічні положення, висновки та науково-практичні рекомендації становлять наукове підґрунтя розроблення нової цілісної концепції розвитку агропідприємств України на основі нової парадигми Індустрії 5.0. Зроблено висновки про те, що інноваційні технології, доступ до яких надають Індустрія 4.0 та Індустрія 5.0, зумовлять беззаперечний прогрес в агросфері та можуть стати джерелом розвитку України, що доводить необхідність переходу на нову парадигму розвитку на основі досягнень Індустрії 5.0 в аграрному секторі України та окреслює стратегічні перспективи.

У статті досліджено організаційні та економічні умови, за яких формується виробнича діяльність сільськогосподарських підприємств галузі свинарства в Україні. Галузь свинарства та ринок м’яса свиней є традиційними і відіграють важливу роль у забезпеченні населення м’ясом та м’ясними продуктами. Попит на м’ясо свиней у світі зростає, що обумовлено як зростанням населення світу, так і економічним розвитком окремих країн світу. Україна за умови нарощування виробництва конкурентоспроможної продукції галузі свинарства може стати важливим учасником світового ринку м’яса свиней. Встановлено, що стан галузі не забезпечує сталого та ефективного виробництва свинини в Україні і потребує суттєвого покращення. Визначено, що обсяги виробництва свинини, насамперед, залежать від кількості поголів’я свиней та їх продуктивності. Доведено, що на ринку м’яса свиней значно скоротилася кількість господарств населення, які займаються вирощуванням свиней. Обґрунтовано, що війна в Україні негативно впливає як на організаційні, так і економічні аспекти функціонування підприємств галузі свинарства. Вона зумовлює критичні, здебільшого, невідновлювані наслідки для виробників. Встановлено, що хоча в Україні існує велика кількість дрібних господарств, що утримують свиней, основними виробниками м’яса свиней є великі свинокомплекси. Визначено, що зростання цін на основні види свинини обумовлено скороченням поголів’я свиней через бойові дії та за рахунок окупації значних територій, подорожчанням логістики та пального для транспортування, збільшенням виробничих витрат (зростання вартості кормів, електроенергії та іншого). Зроблено висновок, що ключовою умовою формування ефективної виробничої діяльності є впровадження сільськогосподарськими підприємствами галузі свинарства інноваційних технологічних рішень.

Firm size plays an important role in determining firm’s performance even though it’s not clear whether firm size affect organizational perfor[1]mance. Therefore; an investigation is required to assess the effect firm size and structure will have on firm’s performance. The specific objectives were to investigate the relationship between firm size and firm performance and to analyze the relationship between organizational structure and firm per[1]formance. For the purpose of this study primary data was used. The ex[1]post facto method was employed. The population consists of the members of staff of Guinness International PLC Plant, Lagos Nigeria. Yamane for[1]mula was adopted to determine the sample size. The data was analyzed us[1]ing manual and electronic based methods through the data preparation grid and statistical package for the social sciences, (SPSS). Linear regression analysis method which also makes use of ANOVA was employed to test the hypothesis. The findings of this study have shown a positive relation[1]ship between firm size and competitive advantage such that competitive advantage is affected by firm size. A finding from the study also shows that there is significant relationship between organizational structure and firm performance. It was concluded that strategic factors cannot be overempha[1]sized in determine the size, structure and performance of firm. This study has made us understand the effect of strategic factor on firm performance and also revealed immense benefit to both local and international firms as well as useful to students for further research. This study will make orga[1]nizations to understand the effect of strategic factor on firm performance and it will also be of immense benefit to both local and international firms as well as useful to students for further research. It will help management and manager to identify the effect of strategic factors on firm performance. The study will give more insight into the relationship between strategic factors and firm performance for academician.