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Aim – to find regular patterns in the morphometric characteristics for the bodies of the cervical vertebrae when performing measurements in the axial (transverse) plane in men and women with different severity of degenerative-dystrophic changes of the cervical spine. Material and methods. The material of the study was the tomograms of 75 men and 128 women aged 18 to 84 years, obtained on magnetic resonance tomographs with a magnetic field strength of 1 Tl and 1.5 Tl. The data was divided into several groups according to the patients' sex and severity of degenerative-dystrophic changes of the cervical spine. The length and width of the vertebral bodies in the axial plane were measured with the subsequent calculation of their ratio. Results. Significant differences were found between the 1st and 2nd groups for the width of C7-C4 in women, as well as for the length of C3 and width of C3, C2 in men. Significant difference in the ratio of the sizes of vertebral bodies was registered in the 1st and 2nd groups of women at the level of C7. When comparing the data of all observation groups among men, significant differences were noted in the 2nd and 3rd groups for C7, C6, C3. With progression of degenerative-dystrophic changes, the differences in length were significant for C7-C4, C2 vertebrae in the 1st group, for C7-C5, C2 – in the 2nd and C7, C6, C4-C2 in the 3rd group. In the group of men with pronounced changes in the cervical spine region, in most cases there was an increase in coefficients (with significant differences in data for the 2nd and 3rd groups). Conclusion. Among men, significant differences were observed between the 2nd and 3rd groups for C7, C6, C3. For the C2 vertebra, significant differences were noted, taking into account sex, for length in the 1st and 3rd groups, width – in the 1st and 2nd groups, when assessing the mutual ratio of the sizes of the vertebral bodies – in the 2nd and 3rd groups.

Aim to evaluate the correlation between the course of vertebral arteries and veins and the results of calculations of hemodynamic parameters during ultrasound with functional tests. Material and methods. In the observation, 252 volunteers were examined using Samsung SonoAce R7 and GE Logiq F6 equipment. The hemodynamics was studied at the level of the second segment of the vertebral arteries and veins at rest, when turning, tilting and lifting the head. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with subsequent statistical analysis. Results. 504 vascular complexes were analyzed without taking into account the visualization side. When assessing the arteries, the highest maximum blood flow velocity was registered when lifting the head in women with a rectilinear course of the vessels. In the group of men with non-rectilinear course of vessels, the lowest average blood flow velocity was registered when tilting the head. The highest volume flow was recorded in case of non-rectilinear vascular course in women when lifting the head. For vertebral veins, the highest indicators of maximum and minimum venous blood flow rates were observed in men with a rectilinear course of vessels when lifting the head. The highest values of the average flow velocity and volume flow were noted in men who had a rectilinear course of the vessels. The maximum values of the calculated venous volume flow were registered in groups with rectilinear vascular course: in men up to 19.4214.85 ml/min. (Me 12.45 ml/min.), in women 18.52 15.30 ml/min. (Me 10.50 ml/min.). Conclusion. The data obtained by the study contributes to improving the software and analysis of individual changes during patient examination, helps to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation, as well as to analyze multifactorial models.

Controlling blast action, in order to increase its energy efficiency in a production blasthole is quite an important issue. This is because it enables the formation of broken rock mass with preset coarseness parameters. Increasing the blast pressure and the time of the blast impact on a rock mass is traditionally recommended as one of the ways to improve the blast action on the rock mass, thus reducing the oversize yield in open pits. One device which enables this approach to a certain extent is a turbulator. The turbulator is fabricated of aluminum plate twisted in a helical fashion around its longitudinal axis. It is mounted in a production blasthole according to a specially designed scheme. The methodology developed to study the stress and strain state of a rock mass when using a turbulator in a blasthole explosive charge allows the size of radial fracture zone and the radius of rock fragmentation to be defined. A method was developed to initiate blasthole charges in a pit blasting block. It includes drilling blastholes, filling them with explosive, installing downhole blasting caps, and blasting using non-electric initiation system. A blasting block is divided into two equal parts (sections), which in turn contain three series of blastholes for short-delay blasting. Blasthole charges are initiated simultaneously in the two parts of the block based on a trapezoidal blasting pattern, thus ensuring meeting detonation waves. In the first series, instantaneous blasting of blastholes located on both ends of the blasting block and forming a trapezoid (in plan view) is carried out. Then after 42 ms, the second series of blastholes (also forming a trapezoid) is detonated. After another 42 ms, the remaining blastholes are detanoated along the perimeter of the blast block in the third series. Implementation of this design with the effect of turbo-blasting for rock fragmentations by blasthole charges at the Kalmakyr deposit of JSC “Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex” has led to the reduction of consumption of explosives, volume of drilling, secondary fragmentation costs, and increased productivity of excavators and mining safety.