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The possibility of synthesizing silatrane-containing polymers was investigated using three different synthetic methods: the formation of silatrane fragments from polymers with trialkoxysilyl groups, the copolymerization of silatrane-containing monomers, and the reaction of silatranes with functional copolymers. The obtained polymethacrylate copolymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that depending on the synthesis scheme used, polymers were obtained in the form of three-dimensional structures or soluble products. It was established that the molecular weight of the synthesized polymers depended significantly on both the content of silatrane fragments and the synthesis technique used. It was shown that the modification of linear carboxyl-containing copolymers by silatranes allows the synthesis of high-molecular polymers with a high content of silatrane fragments. For the synthesized polymers, thermal properties were investigated, and the hydrophobicity of the surface of polymer films was also evaluated. It was found that all the studied polymers did not have clear melting and crystallization temperatures. The polymers were stable in an inert atmosphere up to 270-280 °C, whereas in air they decomposed at lower temperatures with the restructuring of the macromolecular skeleton and the formation of highly heat-resistant silicone structures. An increase in the content of silatrane moieties in the copolymers led to an increase in the hydrophilicity of polymers.

One of the main representatives of optical plastics is polymethylmethacrylate – PMMA, characterized good technological properties when processed by method of injection molding. Products made of PMMA have high construction and surface appearance properties, and light transmission of up to 92%, as a result of production losses technological waste is generated in the form of reject of details and sprues. The complexity using recycled polymer is primarily in reducing the light transmission, as well as a change of intermolecular interaction, occurring during re-heat treatment secondary polymer. During the work of technological parameters been picked up recycling PMMA recycled content to 30% polymer in industrial conditions by injection molding on the molding machine DEMAG D-55 for standard samples – the blade in the form of varying degrees and details of the steps of varying thickness. In work results of experimental studies of changes in physico-mechanical and optical index PMMA with the introduction of the secondary polymer, in this paper we study basic technological parameters of bulk and technological that have a significant impact on the structural features of the product, after cooling in the mold. At the second stage of the study studied the influence of the content of the secondary polymer on the physico-mechanical and optical indicators are of products from PMMA, presented graphic dependences. From the data obtained revealed that the content of the secondary polymer influences the intermolecular bonds and as a consequence the packing density of the macromolecules. During carrying out the spectral analysis of UV-spectrum and IR-spectroscopy study the effect of of the secondary polymer on the structural changes of functional groups in the macromolecule PMMA.

The possibility of use of dispergators of various nature for production of rubber technical products with expanded temperature conditions of operation is studied. It is investigated influences of dispergators of Dispergator FL and INT 159 on properties of rubber mixes for receiving products with high resistance to thermal aging or frost resistance. Research of influence of modifiers was conducted for rubber mixes on the basis of butadienenitrile rubbers synthetic (BNRS)-18 and BNRS-28. I’s established that at addition of a dispergator of Dispergator FL the indicator of relative deformatstion of compression (RDC) and respectively heat stability of rubbers increases. Introduction to structure of elastomeric composition of a dispergator of INT 159 practically doesn’t influence frost resistance, and Dispergator FL worsens her (the coefficient of frost resistance decreases by 15.4–17.8%). Possibly it is connected with the fact that at the lowered temperatures in the presence of Dispergator FL there is a bigger delay of relaxation processes and decrease in energy of the thermal movement of links of macromolecules of rubbers. It becomes insufficient for overcoming of intermolecular interaction in the modified system and commission of conformational transitions of macromolecules under the influence of external loading. Mechanical energy is to a large extent mentioned not on change of a form of macromolecules, and on their mechanodestruction. However, it increases heat stability since it that is higher, than molecular mobility is lower. INT 159 dispergator components, settling down on borders of supramolecular formations of elastomers, increase mobility of links of macromolecules of rubbers, weaken chemical bonds in them, reduce thermal stability, but at the same time INT 159 dispergator practically doesn’t reduce frost resistance therefore it is expedient to apply it when receiving frost-resistant elastomeric composition. Thus, when receiving thermostable elastomeric compositions it is necessary to use Dispergator FL, and frost-resistant – INT 159 dispergator.

Aging is accompanied by intensification of oxidative degradation of proteins, including lipoproteins, proteolytic system dysfunction and accumulation of oxidized proteins. Similar changes are found in drug addiction. In this regard, we carried out a comparative study of conformational changes of plasma proteins and red blood cells of people of different age groups and people who use drugs. The study was carried out with the use of fluorescence analysis to measure the spectra of fluorescence of amino acid residues in proteins (summary fluorescence and tryptophan). In the analysis of fluorescence spectra it is preferable to use the second derivative of the fluorescence spectra as it is the most informative. The application of this research method was chosen because it has high sensitivity. It provides information on the status of living systems without damaging them; it requires large quantities of biological material; it makes it possible to differentiate between the various stages of the disease. Changes in the general phase and tryptophan fluorescence plasma proteins in older people and drug addicts indicate increase in the availability of tryptophan residues to the aqueous environment as a result of conformational changes of macromolecules and the disruption of the lipid layer due to the intensification of free radical processes.

The regularities of changes in the mechanical properties of solids and nanostructured materials with reducing the characteristic sizes of an object, its morphological or structural units up to single molecules are described. Methods of their experimental determination and research are also considered. Particular attention is given to the nature of size effects and atomic mechanism of deformation and fracture in nanoscale. The ways of achieving theoretical ultimate strength and creating high-strength materials are discussed.

The paper analyzes the experimental data on the mechanical properties of low-dimensional objects and materials: film coatings, thin near-surface layers, superlattices, nanopillars, fibers, nanotubes and macromolecules. The dependencies of the hardness, yield stress and strength on the grain size are considered for nanocrystalline materials. The range of applicability of the Hall-Petch ratio and physical factors causing deviations from it are discussed. The dynamics of the behaviour of single molecules under the action of increasing or constant applied force is considered. Estimates of the role of the mechanical properties of biological macromolecules in the functioning of living systems are presented.