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Objective – to study the features of surgical technique and to analyze the results of treatment of patients with optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM). Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of surgical treatment of 8 patients (5 men, 3 women) with ONSM, that were hospitalized and operated in the neurosurgical department in Kyiv Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital from 2000 till 2015. Results. Preoperative visual activity in 3 (37.5 %) patients were above 0.5 D, 3 (37.5 %) - 5-0.1 D and 2 (25 %) patients were almost blind (visual acuity 0.1-0 D). Two patients had proptosis (less than 4 mm). Diplopia was detected in 3 (37.5 %) patients, visual field defects in 2 patients, oculomotor disorders in 3 patients, ptosis in 1 case. Standard pterional approach with optic decompression was performed in 7 (87.5 %) patients. One patient had combined intra-and extradural approach with intradural optic nerve revision. In 5 (62.5 %) cases total resection was performed, in 3 (37.5 %) – subtotal. At discharge, visual acuvity did not differ from the preoperative state in 6 (75 %) patients, 2 (25 %) patients vision deteriorated. Regression of proptosis in the postoperative period was observed in 2 patients. Two patients noted ptosis and diplopia after surgery. Conclusions. In the absence of vision loss, patients may be observed with ophthalmologic examination and routine contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery with optic nerve decompression and intracranial tumor resection is performed in cases of intracranial and intracranial extension.

Aim - to study the prevalence of syndromes of anxiety and depression in correlation with major risk factors (RF) of chronic noninfectious diseases among patients of the Samara region considering themselves healthy. Materials and methods. A comparative population-based cross-sectional study was based on a representative selection of patients (95 people) from the Samara region (rural and urban population) at the age of 19-68 years. Results. The study revealed a significant increase in the rates of fatigue, anxiety and depression in outpatients. The syndrome of anxiety of subclinical level was detected in 35.7% of patients, clinical level - in 23.2% of patients; the syndrome of subclinical depression was revealed in 21.0% of patients, and 4.2% had the clinical level. We discovered the correlation between the syndromes of anxiety and depression and the major RF of chronic noninfectious diseases and patient’s satisfaction with quality of medical care in the clinic. High levels of anxiety were more frequent in men, at older age, and were associated with physical inactivity. Severe depression more often occurred at older age and in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. The income level of the patient correlated with the level of stress exposure, physical activity and satisfaction with the work of the policlinics. We did not reveal the relationship between the syndromes of anxiety and/or depression and the level of income, degree of hypertension, social activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Conclusion. The results indicate that the presence of the syndromes of anxiety and depression increases the risk of occurrence of other independent risk factors of chronic noninfectious diseases. The identified trends can serve as the basis for targeted screening programs for diagnostics and prevention of chronic noninfectious diseases.

Aim - to investigate the influence of IL-17, IL-10 on the level of asthma control among obese patients. Materials and methods. 79 patients with asthma aged from 18 to 65 years were enrolled in our study and categorized into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI): group 1 - normal BMI (27 (34,2%) patients, age 50±13,8), group 2 - overweight (28 (35,4%) patients, age 44±16,5) and group 3 - obese (24 patients (30,4%), age 57,3±8,2). These patients underwent spirometry and were compared for clinical characteristics, plasma level of IL-17 and IL-10 using ELISA assay. Results. IL-17 concentrations were higher in the obese and uncontrolled asthmatics. Statistically significant correlation between the level of IL-10 and BMI was not found. Conclusions. Our study shows that cytokines IL-17 play an important role in the immune response of asthma in obese patients, and represent an important therapeutic target for the asthma treatment.

Aim - analysis of immunological and microbiological indicators of oral cavity in elderly patients who use complete and partial removable dentures. Materials and methods. 42 patients with combinations of complete and partial absence of teeth were involved in the research. The group included 27 women and 15 men, whose age varied from 60 to 74 years. All patients used complete and partial removable dentures. Results. The results show marked abnormality of microbiocenosis of the oral mucosa in patients engaged in the research. Conclusion. The results of the microbiological research of the oral mucosa in elderly patients who use removable dentures demonstrate significant dysbiotic changes in the resident and transient oral microflora both in quantitative and qualitative indicators.

Aim - the determination of common and individual characteristics in patterns of sensorimotor rhythms of EEG during motor imagery in upper and lower limbs. Materials and methods. 20 right-handed students of Samara State Medical University at the age of 18-20 years took part in the investigation, signing informed consent. Monopolar EEG was recorded with the use of 128-channel EEG recording system (BP-010302 BrainАmpStandart 128) at rest and during the imagining of monovector movements in 4 limbs (bending fingers of the right hand, bending fingers of the left hand, dorsiflexion of the right foot, dorsiflexion of the left foot); and during the imagining of triple-vector movements in the dominant hand (fingers bending, elbow flexion, wrist rotation). The following programs and methods were used during the processing of EEG: MatLab, IBM SPSS Statistics 22, ICA (independent component analysis), CSP (Common Spatial Pattern), LORETA. Results. It was found out that alpha2- and beta2- EEG frequency bands are highly significant for the formation of contralateral activation focus during motor imagery in the 4 limbs. ERD / ERS of the EEG rhythms were more pronounced during imagining movements in the dominant limbs (right hand, right leg) than in non-dominant.We found individuality of responses of sensorimotor EEG rhythms in addition to the general trends of EEG changes during imagination of one-type movement in the 4 limbs. The significance of changes in the power of EEG sensorimotor rhythms for differentiating 3 degrees of freedom during motor imagery in one limb was not found. Conclusion. Event-related desynchronization/synchro-nization(ERD/ERS) of sensorimotor EEG rhythms related to motor imagery has individual characteristics and their classification will lead to the significant increase of the number of degrees of freedom in creation and implementation of BCI.

Aim - to evaluate the effectiveness of minilaparotomic access under intraoperative ultrasound navigation in the surgical treatment of liquid formations in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in comparison with the puncture-draining interventions under ultrasound guidance. Material and methods. The analysis covered the treatment of 77 patients with interventions for liquid formations of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space using minimally invasive ultrasound-controlled technologies. Among them, 33 patients underwent puncture-draining interventions under ultrasound navigation (I group). Group II consisted of 44 patients with minilaparotomic surgery under intraoperative ultrasound guidance. Results. It is shown that minilaparotomic access under intraoperative ultrasound navigation allows performing one-step sanitation and drainage of abdominal structures of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, containing in the lumen not only liquid, but also dense necrotic tissues. Conclusion. The process is technically feasible in any surgical hospital, economically relevant, since it does not require the purchase of additional equipment. Application of this method can significantly reduce postoperative mortality.

The article discusses the pathophysiology of CHF; it is postulated, based on the literature review, that HR is an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure. Evidence-based medicine reasonably suggests using the selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist Bisogamma (generic Bisoprolol). The authors presented own experience in treating 95 patients with CHF and, using data from dynamic observations, demonstrated the role of heart rate as an independent risk factor that determines the quality of life and prognosis, through modulation of the left ventricular diastolic function and the pumping activity of the heart.

Intrinsic defects have a significant impact on carrier transport properties of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide (MAPI) Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. In this paper, we investigated how lead vacancies affect the photovoltaic properties of MAPI using density functional theory (DFT) studies. Lead vacancies in perovskite materials can significantly impact carrier dynamics and device efficiency. Our findings indicate that the lower energy configuration of the Pb vacancy does not create deep trap states that would otherwise reduce carrier lifetime. This suggests that Pb vacancies in MAPI might not be as detrimental to carrier dynamics as previously thought. Pb vacancies could potentially be compensated by other defects or dopants in the material, which might mitigate their negative effects on carrier dynamics. The introduction of a Pb vacancy leads to additional electronic states near the conduction band minimum (CBM) within the fundamental band gap. This indicates that the vacancy introduces localized electronic states that influence carrier behavior. The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) becomes more localized around the vacant area, while the Least Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals (LUMOs) are only partially localized. This localization around the vacancy does not create strong trapping states that could hinder carrier movement. The presence of vacancies causes atomic movements that result in a more distorted optimized structure. This structural distortion can influence the overall material properties and potentially impact device performance. The HOMO and LUMO levels are primarily derived from the p orbitals of the atoms involved. This highlights the importance of p orbital interactions in determining the electronic properties of the material

The proposed paper recaptures the concept of Phoenix Complex introduced by Spanish philosopher Michael Marder during his eight-session seminar held in The New Centre for Research & Practice. In a nutshell, the concept denotes a set of cosmological and natural philosophical implications rooted in human psyche, precisely beliefs, persuasions and attitudes regarding the infinite rebirth, fecundity and renewability of nature, its resources, entities, space in general. To overcome this attitude, Marder iterates, this set must be worked through as if it was any other thinkable complex in psychoanalytical / psychotherapist practice. In the paper, I argue that: Marder’s concept is aligned with a tendency in history and contemporary philosophy known today as ‘correlationism’; the grounding thesis of the attitudes of Phoenix Complex is a strong metaphysical claim about the nature of time, namely, one’s postulating of time’s infinity; finally, opposing to this metaphysical claim an opposite metaphysical principle that is defined as ‘finitude principle’, I would propose my own solution, a practice and approach of overcoming the Phoenix Complex, within the realm of nihility of time and particular consequences which are legitimate to be inferred from facticity of the latter.

Misinformation becomes rampant in the digital age and social media provide people with the opportunities for engaging more actively in society. The objectives of the study are: (i) to ascertain the extent to which residents of Kano have been exposed to digital images on Covid-19 that often accompany fake news in social media; (ii) to establish the extent to which residents of Kano are influenced by fake news on Covid-19 with images; (iii) to find out the factors that often lead to the influence of fake news with digital images on Covid-19 among social media users in Kano; (iv) to ascertain the social media platforms mostly used in spreading fake news about Covid-19 in the state. Theoretically, Technological Determinism and Perception theories were adopted to analyze these issues. A Positivist approach to data generation and analysis was adopted using the survey method. Two local governments were selected for the study: Tarauni and Kano Municipal. Tarauni local government area had the highest number of the Covid-19 cases, while Kano Municipal had the lowest number. The population of the study consist of 593,087 with a sample size of 400 respondents derived from Taro Yamane’s sample size prediction table. The respondents were reached through cluster sampling. A total of 400 copies of questionnaires were administered to respondents in Tarauni and Kano Municipal. However, only 385 copies, which represent (96%), were retrieved and found usable for the study as the remaining 15 were not returned. The study found that Kano residents were significantly exposed to digital images that often accompany fake news in social media. They read news online every day, prefer news accompanied by images, share and like news online. The study also found that Kano residents are influenced by fake news with digital images on Covid-19 to a very great extent, especially on Facebook. Factors responsible for proliferation of fake news on social media include: perception or instinct, eagerness to be the first to share images and lack of knowledge about image verification tools. The study concludes that ignorance and the old belief that pictures do not lie were responsible for this.

The paper explores the argument from introspection as a counterargument for the validity of reductive materialism and, in other cases, of any type of materialism. The author uses methods and conceptual apparatus of analytic philosophy, as well as the instruments of logical analysis to demonstrate falsity of this argument and impossibility of its usage for the defense of dualism and criticism of materialism. Theory of mind, proposed by David Chalmers, is revisited to demonstrate the epistemic asymmetry arises in case of usage of introspection-argument against materialism. The phenomenon of epistemic asymmetry is explained through the discordance between causal and conceptual relations. The author uses thought experiments as well, to demonstrate uselessness of additional sense, which arises in case of ontological postulation of such concepts as “conscious experience” as something to what introspection propositions refer. The argument from “cultural diversity”, holding the support of introspection-argument, is revisited as well. The results of research resulted into conclusion, to which the ontologization of subjective experience as a proof of causal openness of physical world for the dualism of features and properties (that is, conversion of theoretical ‘inner-scientific’ object into the object of physical reality) is illegitimate and beats completely off the mark. Therefore, the argument from introspection, which is considered the ‘protective belt’ of modern dualistic and non-reductive materialistic approaches (from naturalistic dualism to ‘folk-psychology’, cannot suit as an argument in the discussions in philosophy of mind.

The article addresses the diagnostic criteria based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in transient constrictive pericarditis (TCP), a rare form of constrictive pericarditis characterized by temporary signs of constriction. Constrictive pericarditis evident as myocardial thickening and fibrosis results in impaired diastolic filling and can manifest itself with symptoms similar to those of other pathologies, such as restrictive cardiomyopathy. The article presents two clinical cases of TCP, where the role of MRI in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients is highlighted. For diagnostics, echocardiography and MRI were used along with laboratory tests, including the tests for inflammation markers and troponin. MRI allows not only to visualize changes in the pericardial structure but also to monitor changes in the condition, which is important for choosing the treatment tactics. In both cases, symptoms were successfully resolved, and the patients' condition was normalized with drug therapy. The results highlight the importance of early diagnosis and proper management tactics to prevent irreversible changes in the pericardium and heart failure.

The article presents a rare clinical case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a 22-year-old patient at week 33 of pregnancy, complicated by ischemic stroke, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and vessels of the lower extremities, and polysegmental pneumonia. The patient's medical history (September 2022) showed severe muscle weakness and fever in the early postpartum period. The examination revealed increased levels of C-reactive protein (61.32 mg/L), D-dimer (8.970 mg FEU/L), interleukin-6 (19.48 pg/mL), total bilirubin (29.8 μmol/L, mostly due to the direct fraction - 11.2 μmol/L), fibrinogen (5.3 g/L), as well as a positive titer of antibodies to SARS CoV-2 (IgG=6.82). During the second pregnancy, the patient regularly experienced flu-like symptoms and headaches, for which she took paracetamol and diclofenac until week 33. Instrumental studies showed an ischemia focus in the middle cerebral artery basin on the left, multiCT pegmental right-sided pneumonia, thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and vessels of the lower extremities. Laboratory tests revealed an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (50-57 mm/h), the level of C-reactive protein (113.0-50.9 mg/L), C3-complement (2.54-2.18 g/L), D-dimer (50.4-25.8 mg U/L), interleukin-6 (14.8-37.6 pg/mL), procalcitonin (0.142 ng/mL), and immunoglobulin E (166 IU/mL). Serological tests revealed the presence of antibodies of M and G classes to SmD1 (Human Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein) and cardiolipins.

The article considers effects of climate changes on prevalence of non-communicable and infectious diseases. The impact of extreme temperatures, droughts, floods and storms increases morbidity and mortality and causes food problems resulting in spread of famine and contamination of food with fungal toxins. Besides, climatic changes lead to spreading of arthropod-borne diseases and stimulate accelerated development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. In spite of the fact that climate changes may entail number of advantages their positive effect is negated by long-term consequences of negative outcomes.

During the 19th century, the scope of blood transfusion was significantly expanded. Along with obstetric practice, hemotransfusion has been actively used in the fight against acute blood loss in combat and traumatic injuries. New broad opportunities for the development of the method were obtained during numerous military campaigns of the XIX century, accompanied by an increase in the destructive power of firearms and the number of wounded who died from acute massive bleeding on the battlefield. The article examines how high hopes for the introduction of blood transfusion among the means of helping the wounded were replaced by a complete rejection of its use outside inpatient medical institutions.

Objective: Implementation of the control method to validate previously obtained calibration functions according to GOST R ISO 11095-2007 using Reference Materials (RM): standard RMs - aqueous solutions of ethanol, produced and certified by the organization, and internal RMs - aqueous solutions of ethanol in different concentrations, developed by the user for internal use., Material and Methods: We applied the control method in accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 11095-2007 using the standard and internal RMs - aqueous ethanol solutions in different concentrations. Measurements were performed for two subranges of ethanol concentrations on standard and internal RMs in accordance with the certified method., Results and Conclusion: Control charts based on experimental data confirmed that the system was in a controlled state, and the calibration function required no updates on Day 7. No studied values fell outside the upper and lower control limits on the control charts. The uncertainty of the transformed values was assessed during the calibration function validation.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the hypothesis of greater severity of autonomic dysfunction in patients with concomitant epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) (main group) compared to patients with exclusively epileptic seizures (comparison group) and healthy subjects (control group)., Material and Methods: The main group included 13 subjects (median age 31 years [Q 1 =21 years, Q 3 =42 years], 9 females), and the control and comparison groups included 26 people each, comparable by sex and age to the main group. All patients underwent neurological and psychiatric examination, electroencephalography or video-electroencephalographic monitoring, and MRI. All patients had the following tests done: cardiointervalogramm, systolic blood pressure for each heartbeat, and tachogram for 5 minutes of lying down, active verticalization, and 5 minutes of orthostatic position. Heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains (lying) and blood pressure variability in the frequency domain (lying) were analyzed; also, the sensitivity of the arterial baroreflex and the 30:15 index were calculated. Pearson's Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and post hoc Mann-Whitney U -test corrected for multiple Benjamini-Hochberg comparisons were used to compare the parameters., Results: In comparison with the control group, patients with epilepsy had autonomous regulation disorders as a total decrease in autonomous activity. However, in patients with epileptic seizures and PNES, more severe autonomic regulation disorders were observed, as indicated by a decrease in the 30:15 index and the arterial baroreflex sensitivity during an orthostatic test compared to patients without psychogenic seizures., Conclusion: Patients with epilepsy showed a decrease in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the concomitant PNES in patients with epilepsy was associated with a greater severity of autonomic dysfunction, in particular, during an orthostatic test.

Left atrial dysfunction (left atrial myopathy) is not only a consequence of impaired left ventricular diastolic function but also plays a central role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Left atrial myopathy in HFpEF is associated with a more severe course of heart failure and an unfavorable prognosis, and the choice of treatment largely depends on its severity. Echocardiography allows an accurate assessment of the left atrial condition, while the parameters of left atrial myocardial strain are sensitive to early functional disorders to help diagnosing HFpEF and determining the prognosis. This article discusses the participation of the left atrium in the left ventricular filling, its status at different stages of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, the major mechanisms of atrial myopathy in HFpEF, and therapeutic approaches to its restriction and reversion.

Cowden disease (Cowden syndrome) refers to PTEN-associated hamartoma tumor syndromes. It arises due to a mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene, one of the main functions of which is cell cycle regulation. The presence of a mutation in the gene leads to uncontrolled cell growth, and patients have a lifelong increased risk of neoplasms of various degrees of malignancy. This article presents a clinical case of Cowden syndrome with an early debut at the age of 7 years. The combination of macrocephaly (SDS of head circumference >2) with various skin manifestations (facial trichilemmomas, acral keratosis, papillomatous papules) and the presence of benign and/or malignant neoplasms are pathognomonic for Cowden syndrome. Of the malignancies, breast and thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and endometrial cancer are the most common. Thyroid carcinoma has been shown to have an earlier age of manifestation and often occurs already in childhood. This determines the need to screen patients with a proven mutation in the PTEN gene for nodal neoplasms from an early age. If surgical treatment is necessary, thyroidectomy remains preferable due to the frequent recurrence of nodules, as well as the uncertain potential for malignancy due to the low study of thyroid nodules in patients with mutations in the PTEN gene.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and heart transplantation in young patients. The causes of DCM are varied and include genetic factors and metabolic, infectious, toxic and others factors. Today it is known that germline mutations in more than 98 genes can be associated with the occurrence of DCM. However, the penetrance of these genes often depends on a combination of factors, including modifiable ones, i.e. those that change under the influence of the environment. About 20-25% of genetically determined forms of DCM are due to mutations in the titin gene ( TTN ). Titin is the largest protein in the body, which is an important component of the sarcomer. Although titin is the largest protein in the human body, its role in the physiology of heart and disease is not yet fully understood. However, a mutation in the TTN gene may later represent a potential therapeutic target for genetic and acquired cardiomyopathy. Thus, the analysis of clinical cases of cardiomyopathy in patients with identified mutations in the TTN gene is of great scientific interest. The article presents a clinical case of manifestation of DCM in patient with a revealed pathogenic variant of mutation in the gene TTN and reverse left ventricular remodeling of the against the background of optimal therapy of heart failure in a subsequent outpatient observation.

The study of the process of professional development of medical specialists does not lose its relevance, since this process needs constant improvement of its mechanisms for the formation and use of the professional and qualification potential of the personnel of medical organizations. Of great interest is the analysis of this process in dynamics (over a five-year period), which allows us to identify not only its current shortcomings, but also those that are sustainable. Special attention is paid to persistent imperfections.

The application of mathematical modeling approaches based on factual demand of the population of territories in setting of medical and technical tasks makes it possible to significantly optimize costs of construction and equipping primary health care objects. This is confirmed by both corresponding calculations and results of analysis. This operation is oriented both on structural divisions of regional executive authorities responsible for setting of medical and technical tasks, and on investment companies implementing projects in health care.

This article examines the role of uric acid (UA) in cognitive changes and neurodegeneration, focusing on its functions as an antioxidant and prooxidant. Research suggests that changes in serum UA levels may be associated with the development or delay of cognitive impairment, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It was revealed that there is a relationship between the level of UA and the dynamics of cognitive functions, indicating the potential neuroprotective properties of UA. Particular attention is paid to the balance between the antioxidant and prooxidant properties of UA, which may play a key role in protecting neurons from damage. However, research results are not clear-cut, highlighting the need for further research to more fully understand the role of UA in cognitive processes. Determining the optimal serum UA level may be an important step in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment associated with neurodegeneration. Overall, these studies advance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction between uric acid metabolism and brain health.

The article examines the modern aspects of the development of Russian healthcare in the regional context with an analysis of the main implemented measures and sources of financing. The efficiency of the industry's functioning directly affects the life expectancy and health of citizens; therefore, the analysis of priorities and sources of their financing is an urgent area of research. Most of the projects and plans in healthcare are focused on the long term, so the main part of the subprograms does not change significantly, defining the strategy, but priorities may change in the short term, and accordingly funding will be adjusted in the context of the main sources. Taking into account the leading positions of the region, we can note its leadership in the development of the industry in question. The socio-economic situation in the country also has an impact, for example, most experts pay attention to the fact that prices for medicines and medical equipment have increased, and this creates additional difficulties during planning and forecasting. Some expenses are simply necessary and at the same time take away significant funding - paying for medical care to the insured unemployed population and providing subsidies to state budgetary healthcare institutions, reducing the possibilities of other areas. The main source of financing for most subprograms is the budget of the Krasnodar Territory, the federal budget participates to a much lesser extent. The article touches upon the factors influencing the implementation of the state program «Development of healthcare» in the region and, as a result, the main key indicators of quality of life. The conducted practical research made it possible to determine in detail the current trends in the development of the industry in the regional aspect (using the example of the Krasnodar Territory).

Atherosclerosis and aneurysm of the aorta are relatively common pathological conditions that remain asymptomatic for a long period of time and have life-threatening and disabling complications. DNA methylation profiling in several regions (a dilated area, a nondilated area, and an atherosclerotic plaque) of the ascending aorta was carried out in patients with aortic aneurysm. DNA methylation was analyzed by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Differences in methylation level between dilated and normal aortic tissues were detected for two CpG sites of the NR2F1-AS1 gene (|Δβ| > 0.2 and FDR < 0.05). In total, 586/480 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMSs) were identified by comparing atherosclerotic plaque samples with dilated/normal aortic tissues; 323/234 of the DMSs were hypermethylated and 263/246 were hypomethylated in atherosclerotic plaques. Most DMSs were in introns and intergenic regions; 88.2% of the DMSs were in the binding sites of transcription factors, among which ZNf263, ZFP148, PATZ1, NRF1, TCF12, and EGR1 play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of various arteries and ELK1, ETS1, and KLF15 play a role in aortic aneurysms. Sixteen DMSs were found in the regions of the genes CMIP, RPH3AL, XRCC1, GATA5, EXD3, KCNC2, HIVEP3, ADCY9, CDCP2, FOLR1, WT1, MGMT, GAS2, CA1, PRSS16, and ANK3, whose protein products are involved in both aortic dissection and atherosclerosis in various arterial circulation regions. The protein products of the genes are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including mesenchyme development (GO:0060485; FOLR1, WT1, GATA5, HIVEP3, and KCNC2) and positive regulation of DNA metabolic processes (GO:0051054; MGMT, WT1, and XRCC1).

Using a computer modeling approach, we proposed a structure for a potential GC-specific DNA ligand, which could form a complex with DNA in the minor groove similar to that formed by Hoechst 33258 at DNA AT-enriched sites. According to this model, MBoz2A , a bisbenzoxazole ligand, was synthesized. The results of spectrophotometric methods supported the complex formation of the compound under study with DNA differing in the nucleotide composition.

The aim of this review was to present the mechanism of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its possible effect on the course of arterial hypertension. Another aim was to evaluate the relationship of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with the pathogenetic stages of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of amyloid cardiomyopathy (CM) caused by transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis among patients aged &gt;65 years with interventricular septal (IVS) hypertrophy of ≥14 mm., Material and Methods: From January through August 2023, 60 patients (mean age 7.2±7.3 years, 34 (56.67%) men) were enrolled. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent an echocardiographic study with determining the myocardial longitudinal strain, myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrfotech, myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography, measurement of N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I, and the immunochemical study of serum and urine proteins with measurement of free light chains. In the presence of grades 2 and 3 radiopharmaceutical uptake according to scintigraphy, a molecular genetic study was performed for differential diagnosis of wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (wtATTR) and hereditary/variant (hATTR) ATTR-CM., Results: According to data of myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrfotech, grade 3 uptake in the absence of monoclonal secretion was detected in 5 (8.3%) cases and grade 2 radiotracer uptake in the absence of monoclonal secretion was detected in 6 (10%) patients. Myeloma complicated by AL amyloidosis and primary AL amyloidosis were found in 5 (8.3%) patients., Conclusion: Among patients aged ≥65 years with IVS hypertrophy ≥14 mm, amyloid CM was detected in 20% of cases (12 patients), including 5 cases (8.3%) of AL amyloidosis and 7 cases (11.7%) of ATTR amyloidosis.

We have previously shown that 5-arylaminouracil derivatives can inhibit HIV-1, herpesviruses, mycobacteria, and other pathogens through various mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of 5-arylaminouracils and their derivatives against leukemia, neuroblastoma, and glial brain tumors. 5-Aminouracils with various substituents and their 5'-norcabocyclic and ribo derivatives were screened for cytotoxicity against two neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y and IMR-32), K-562 lymphoblastic cells, HL-60 promyeoloblastic cells, and low-passage variants of well-differentiated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM5522 and GBM6138). Cytotoxicity assessment by the standard MTT test showed that most of the compounds lack significant toxicity towards the above cells. However, 5-(4-isopropylphenylamine)uracil and 5-(4-tert-butylphenylamine)uracil exhibited a dose-dependent toxic effect towards the GBM6138 cell line with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 9 and 2.3 μМ, respectively. Antitumor activity was for the first time demonstrated for compounds of this type and can serve as a starting point for further research.

The study of molecular and genetic mechanisms of sex determination in the poplar is of interest not only in the fundamental science, but also in the applied research. In landscaping of large settlements, it is advisable to use male individuals of the Populus genus due to their hypoallergenicity and increased resistance to environmental pollution, stress conditions, and pathogens. However, sex determination in poplars is complicated by the complex genetic structure of the sex-determining region of the genome (SDR). In this review, the emergence, evolution, structure, and function of the SDR in the genus Populus are discussed. Current insights into the structure and function of the key regulator of sex selection in poplars, orthologue of the ARR16/ARR17 gene and the possible roles of other genes that are differentially expressed between male and female plants, including microRNAs, in this process are discussed in detail. The great diversity of species and the high complexity of SDR organization justify the need for further study of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in poplars.

The recombinant technologies era, which began in the second half of the XX century, made it possible to produce recombinant growth hormone (rGH) necessary for the treatment of stunting of various genesis. The time of practically unlimited possibilities of rGH production has come, which served as a stimulus for studying the efficacy and safety of rGH application, searching for optimal ways of its use and dosing regimes. Many years of experience in the use of somatropin in clinical practice allowed us to obtain data on its effectiveness primarily in somatotropic insufficiency in children, to study its effect on the functional state of various organs and systems, and to expand the indications for the use of RGR.

Within the framework of the article, the authors analyzed the available information about the damage to the lacrimal apparatus during radionuclide therapy. In focus of article lesions of the lacrimal production system, the main and accessory lacrimal glands, as well as lacrimal drainage are considered. It was found that damage to the lacrimal apparatus is characteristic of 131I therapy for thyroid cancer, as well as for radioligand therapy using anti-PSMA antibodies labeled with 177Lu and 225Ac. 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA may damage the lacrimal gland with the formation of a clinically pronounced "dry eye syndrome". The pathogenesis of such lesions is associated with the accumulation of a radioisotope in the tissues of the lacrimal apparatus, while during therapy with 131I, accumulation is realized due to the expression of the sodium-iodine symporter in the nasolacrimal duct, and during therapy with 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA, the radiobiological effect is realized in connection with the expression PSMA by lacrimal tissue. An analysis of the available sources showed that to date there are no results of systematic studies on the problem, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the individual risks of developing these complications, methods for their prevention that have proven effectiveness have not been developed, and the treatment methods used, having relatively low efficiency, are not specialized. The authors concluded that the strengthening of interdisciplinary interaction, as well as the organization verification methodology and correct studies, can contribute to solving problems related to the study of the complications under consideration.

This article presents the experience of successfully switching therapy from omalizumab 150 mg to benralizumab 30 mg/1 ml in a patient with a combined allergic and eosinophilic phenotype in the presence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The effectiveness of biological therapy was evaluated when switching from omalizumab 150 mg subcutaneously at a dose of 600 mg for 36 weeks. Therapy for the drug benralizumab 30 mg/1 ml subcutaneously the first three injections monthly, the rest a month later for 52 weeks with bronchial asthma (BA), a severe uncontrolled course with a combined allergic and eosinophilic phenotype in the presence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a patient Ch., born in 2004. Switching therapy from omalizumab 150 mg to benralizumab 30 mg/1 ml allowed to achieve complete control of asthma symptoms (AST = 23 points), to achieve the absence of asthma exacerbations during 52 weeks, restore respiratory function to normal values, as well as improve the quality of life. The study reflects the good tolerability, high efficacy and safety of biological therapy when switching from one genetically engineered biological drug (GIBP) omalizumab 150 mg to another GIBP benralizumab 30 mg/1 ml in severe uncontrolled asthma with a combined allergic and eosinophilic phenotype in the presence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therapy with benralizumab 30 mg/1 ml in severe BA has demonstrated a more effective clinically significant improvement in the course of the disease, control of symptoms of the disease. Reduction of exacerbations, normalization of respiratory function indicators, complete control of the disease has been achieved. Consequently, the use of different biological molecules for the therapy of BA with a combined allergic and eosinophilic phenotype contributes to achieving disease control, improving the patient's quality of life and reducing the dose of oral glucocorticosteroids. The targeted biological drug benralizumab 30 mg/1 ml has a targeted effect on the key links in the pathogenesis of severe uncontrolled asthma with a combined allergic and eosinophilic phenotype in the presence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reduces the burden of severe disease.

The article focuses on the prevalence of circulatory diseases, organization and implementation of new programs in the system of cardiological care services in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently, three key programs are functioning at the republican level: "Acute coronary syndrome", "Chronic heart failure", and "Atherosclerosis and dyslipoproteinemia". The National Scientific Cardiac Surgery Center (Astana) is the coordinator of all these programs.

Background: 2025 is going to be the 100th anniversary of the first historical description of Turner syndrome - complex of  genomic abnormalities, congenital gonadal disruption and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Total estrogenic deficiency triggers development of age-related comorbidities. There is no doubt that personalized search for replicative markers of cellular aging among females with Turner syndrome is needed., Aim: To evaluate features of replicative (telomere length) and biochemical (lipid profile, calcium-phosphate album, thyroid hormones, markers cytolysis and cholestasis, carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogenic metabolism, electrolytes, FSH) markers among females with Turner syndrome., Materials and Methods: Research has been provided in collaboration between Endocrinology Research Centre of the Russian Ministry of Health and Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Centre in the period since 10.01.2021 until 01.08.2022. Females with non-iatrogenic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by Turner syndrome (45,X0; 45,X/46,XX; 45,X/46,X,r(X); 13-40 y.o.; n=26) and primary ovarian insufficiency (18-39 нyears=26); healthy females of reproductive age (15-49 y.o.; n=24). Patients have undergone laboratory genetic (leucocyte telomere length), biochemical (fasting glycaemia, urea, creatinine, common/conjugated bilirubin, ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, HDL-P, LDL-P, common cholesterol, common/ionized calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, sodium/potassium/chlorides, FSH, HbA1c) analyses. Body measurements - body mass, body height. DNA extraction - provided with Qiagen DNA blood mini kit (Germany). Leukocyte telomere length - with real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR (Flow-fish). Soft program IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26,0 for Windows)., Results: 1. Females with Turner syndrome have significantly lower mean telomere length (8,22 kB [6,63-9,30]) than with primary ovarian insufficiency (10, 34 кБ [8,41-13,08], p&lt;0,001) and healthy reproductive age females (10,77 kB [9,95-13,16], р&gt;0,05).2. Telomere length correlates directly and significantly with longevity of menopausal hormonal therapy among females with primary ovarian insufficiency (ρ = 505; p&lt;0,001).3. Patients with Turner syndrome are inclined to vitamin D deficiency (р&lt;0,001), dyslipidemia (р=0,01); increase of levels of aminotransferases, cholestasis markers, phosphate and FSH (р&lt;0,001)., Conclusion: Turner syndrome is serious genetic disease that leads not only to infertility but to significant decrease of quality/life longevity out of "healthy aging" conception.

Primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1-CREB1 fusion is an extremely rare tumor. Its clinical manifestation is unspecific and only molecular genetic method can proof this diagnosis. This paper describes an unusual clinical presentation of primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma in a 68-year-old patient with involvement of both lungs.

Acute stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world. Ischemic stroke (IS) the most common type of stroke. In acute cerebral ischemia, damage to the brain tissue is complex and includes blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, activation of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways, expression of neurotoxic agents, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. In acute IS, reperfusion therapy (RT), is one of the most prominent treatment options. Most of the randomized clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy and safety of RT. The use of novel neuroimaging techniques (CT-perfusion and new MRI modalities) significantly expanded the RT selection criteria in patients with IS. One of the possible ways to further expand the RT is to combine it with neurocytoprotection. According to many researchers, this could potentially significantly improve the efficacy and safety of RT. This opinion is based on the concept of preserving brain tissue in the ischemic penumbra region. The aim of this review was to analyze the current trials of neurocytoprotection in combination with RT in IS patients.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and quality of life in long-term period (1 year) after total knee replacement in various age groups., Material and Methods: We studied 134 patients after unilateral primary total knee replacement. The KOOS and SF-36 questionnaires were used to assess the therapeutic effect (functionality and symptoms) and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis., Results: At baseline, group I (young patients) had low KOOS pain scores (39.42±16.42), function scores (50.18±19.16) and QoL scores (18.2±15.9) compared to other age groups. A year after surgery, group I (<55 years) had significantly lower KOOS scores of pain, function and quality of life compared to group III (>65 years). Multiple regression analysis showed that age was a significant predictor of pain, but not a function after a year., Conclusion: Total knee replacement gives a noticeable improvement in pain, functionality and quality of life in all age groups. However, there are significant age-related differences in preoperative assessment of pain, quality of life and mental health, as well as in final indicators of postoperative pain and quality of life. Indeed, young patients (<50 years) report more intense pain and worse quality of life. These data may be used in clinical practice to improve decision-making and patient expectations before total knee replacement.

Objective: To demonstrate clinical features and outcomes in patients with cavitary lung lesions and COVID-19 associated pneumonia., Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of 8261 patients with COVID-19 was performed. We selected 40 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Sex, age, hospital-stay, lung tissue lesion, comorbidities, treatment, methods of respiratory support, complications and outcomes were evaluated., Results: Cavitary lung lesions were more common in men (67.5%). Age of patients ranged from 28 to 88 (mean 64.9±13.7) years. Hospital-stay in patients with cavitary lung lesions was 9-58 (median 27.5) days. There were 18 complications in 14 (35%) patients. Pneumothorax, isolated pneumomediastinum, pleural empyema, hemoptysis and sigmoid colon perforation were considered as complications of cavitary lung lesions. Nine (22.5%) patients died (5 of them with complications). Three patients died after surgical treatment. Long-term results were analyzed in 8 (25.8%) patients. Patients were followed-up for 3 months after discharge. Shrinkage of lesions occurred after 7-60 (mean 23) days, and complete obliteration of cavities came after 32 (range 14-90) days., Conclusion: Cavitary lung lesions are a rare complication of COVID-19 pneumonia. There was no significant correlation of complications with age, sex, therapy, volume of lung lesions and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Despite more common fatal outcomes in older patients undergoing NIV, the last one was prescribed exclusively due to disease progression and respiratory failure. Further research on this problem is necessary to identify possible risk factors of cavitary lung lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical features and the level of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in groups of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) differentiated by the genotypes of BDNF polymorphism (rs6265)., Material and Methods: The level of serum BDNF in the biomarkers' multiplex panel of neurodegenerative diseases (HNDG3MAG-36K) was assessed in 134 PD patients. Allele discrimination was carried out by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes for the analysis of BDNF rs6265 polymorphism in groups of patients and controls ( n =192) matched for sex, age and ethnicity., Results: Comparing the distribution of rs6265 genotypes and alleles between groups of patients and controls no significant differences were found ( p >0.05). Serum BDNF levels varied significantly by genotype (rs6265) among PD patients. Minimum mean serum BDNF level (320.1±164.6 pg/ml) was noted for individuals with the AA genotype, which significantly differs from the corresponding indicator among individuals with GA (2944.2±1590.6 pg/ml; p =0.0001) and GG genotypes (2949.4±1620.6 pg/ml; p =3.9×10 -5 ). The concentration of BDNF significantly differed between patients with different forms of PD ( p =0.0007) and increased as the stage of the disease progressed according to Hoehn and Yahr staging scale ( p =1.0×10 -6 )., Conclusion: The BDNF rs6265 polymorphism was not associated with the development of PD in the studied population. The variability of the mean serum BDNF level was established depending on the genotype of the BDNF polymorphism in PD patients and a number of clinical features.

Presented clinical observation of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis, which was first described in 2007, is rare and to date has not been sufficiently studied. The disease often manifests with psychopathological symptoms and catatonia, so patients are transferred into a mental healthcare institution and often require intensive care and resuscitation, due to the development of life-threatening respiratory and hemodynamic disorders. Diagnosis is based on detection of autoantibodies to the NR1- and NR2 subunits of the glutamate NMDA receptor in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Pathogenesis-based therapy includes the administration of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, as well as the introduction of monoclonal antibodies in also used, and in severe cases, cytostatics are prescribed. The widespread comorbidity of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with ovarian neoplasms in women (up to 60%) requires appropriate diagnosis and early removal of ovarian neoplasms when they are detected. With timely diagnosis and adequate treatment strategies, the outcome of this rare disorder is usually positive.

Objective: Topographic and blood vessel architecture study of the parietal area and distal regional pool of the superficial temporal artery (STA) to assess the possibility of revascularized cranium vault bone autograft formation., Material and Methods: For the topographic and anatomical study, 30 non-fixed corpses (17 male and 13 female) were selected, the average age of which was 59±5 years. In the anamnesis and catamnesis, there were no indications of trauma or other pathology of the head and neck, including vascular. STA was contrasted with a non-radiocontrast dye (brilliant green) with the introduction of the dye into the STA with preliminary ligation of the frontal branch of the STA. The area of blood supply to soft tissue and bone structures was studied. The angioarchitectonics of the parietal region was studied, the feeding vessel of the studied flap was identified., Results: The obtained anatomical landmarks for the collection of CPFP flap make it possible to form a flap with high accuracy and minimize the morbidity of the donor area.

Objective: To analyze morphological changes in wall of functioning and non-functioning small intestine in patients with preventive ileostomy and to determine histological predictors of water-electrolyte disorders., Material and Methods: We prospectively analyzed 57 patients >18 years old who underwent rectal resection with preventive ileostomy between January 2022 and November 2023. Anthropometric data included gender, age, body mass index, ECOG and ASA classes. Complications associated with large losses through ileostomy were water-electrolyte disorders, dehydration and acute renal failure with repeated hospitalization. Morphological analysis implied intraoperative full-layer biopsy of small intestine on anterior abdominal wall (ileostomy). Intraoperative biopsy of efferent and afferent loops was also carried out. Tissue samples were examined by light microscopy. We analyzed mean height of mucous membrane villi and depth of crypts, as well as their ratio. Fibrosis and swelling of submucosa were evaluated too. The results were analyzed in the SPSS Statistics 20 software., Results: Mean height of intestinal villi <465 microns ( p =0.028), ratio of their height to crypt depth <4.38 ( p =0.034) and submucosal fibrosis ( p =0.031) significantly affected malabsorption and readmission of patients. The risk of readmission was 11.5 and 5.5 times higher in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed in-hospital dehydration with resumption of infusion therapy as a predictor of readmission ( p =0.046)., Conclusion: Ileostomy is a certain stress for the patient's body. Not every patient is able for adaptation. One of the adaptation mechanisms is hypertrophy of mucous membrane villi involved in digestion. This mechanism is less pronounced in patients with repeated hospitalizations. Preoperative morphological examination of ileum mucosa may be an additional objective predictor of possible complications of preventive ileostomy.