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The implementation of investment projects in the regions of the Russian Arctic requires appropriate staffing, which, in conditions of negative migration dynamics, becomes one of the key risks for them. Today, shift method is a fait accompli, which is ambiguously viewed and requires a separate careful study to enhance its positive effects and offset possible negative consequences, including achieving strategic indicators for the development of the regions of the Russian Arctic. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the possibilities and conditions of shift method management for the transformation of migration processes in the regions of the Russian Arctic. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of an approach to shift method management, which is able to change the prevailing negative migration trends in the regions of the Russian Arctic associated with population outflow. Shift method is considered as a possible reserve, which, with appropriate management, is able to change the prevailing negative demographic trends in the regions of the Russian Arctic. For this purpose, as a research method we chose written survey of employees working in shifts at one of the large Arctic enterprises. It was confirmed that the shift method can be a reserve for the transformation of migration processes in the regions of the Russian Arctic. At the same time, it is necessary to change the approach to it as an object of management, clarify its types and build a consistent policy of transition from one type to another based on the specific peculiarities of migration motivation. Detailed policy of the transition and development of certain measures, order of their implementation and formation of an integrated management mechanism that takes into account the state and the employer, will be a promising direction for further research.

The outflow of young people from the country for education and employment abroad is one of the most acute socio-economic problems for Kazakhstan. Taking into account the international competition in education and the imperfection of the labor market in the country, stopping the emigration of young people in the near future seems to be a difficult task. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the economic aspects and factors of educational and labor migration of Kazakh youth abroad. Today, young people of Kazakhstan travel to almost all regions and countries of the world. Youth migration has both positive and negative aspects. There were developed 3 types of online questionnaires for particular categories of respondents: 1) graduates of secondary education (27 questions), 2) graduates of bachelor’s degree (27 questions), 3) young people working and living abroad (23 questions). SPSS Software was used for data analysis. The positive consequences include raising the level of qualifications and knowledge of young people, exploring new opportunities for self-realization. However, an urgent problem is a fact that the educational and labor migration of young people turns into permanent or non-return migration. The analysis allowed us to identify the dominant factors of «attraction-pushing», which have been studied and are considered as determining the migration movement of young people abroad. The combination of attracting and pushing factors influencing the migration decisions of young people can be very complex and diverse, however, in most cases, the main factors are economic, social, and demographic factors of migration.

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The historical prerequisites for the formation of migration waves of the population of Ukraine are analyzed as follows: the first wave («old migration» – the second half of the nineteenth century with the predominance of migration of workers); the second wave («new migration» – the end of the nineteenth – the first half of the twentieth century. with the predominance of migration of poor peasantry); the third wave («political» – after World War II until the 1980s, with a predominance of low-skilled workers and intellectuals); the fourth wave («migrant workers», since the mid-90s of the twentieth century.). It is noted that the fifth, «intellectual» wave (since the 2010s) can be transformed into a «corporate», which provides for the withdrawal of business abroad in the context of increased tax burden in Ukraine. The likelihood of a «corporate» wave also strengthens the stimulating policy of European countries to attract businesses that offer stable economic conditions. Ukraine’s place on the global migration map confirming its inclusion in the international space as a democratic and legal State has been studied. The number of international migrants from Ukraine is gradually increasing, reaching 6.1 million people in 2020, but the problem of such dynamics is exacerbated by the declining dynamics of immigration and threatening depopulation processes: in 2020, the share of international expats in the population reached 11.9%, when in 1990 it was equal to 10.8%. Studying the migration processes of the population of Ukraine, scientists and experts often focus on the problem of human losses due to emigration. However, the modern world, even during the pandemic, is developing in the context of globalization. Many countries have an effective policy of attracting human potential, thus ensuring positive development dynamics. Therefore, the authorities of Ukraine are forced to intensify the State regulation of migration processes, guided by the consequences of their impact on socio-economic development.

The article makes an attempt to determine the primacy of the categories “migration process” and “economic crisis”. The paper analyses statistical data of the Federal State Statistic Service of the Russian Federation and the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on migration processes in Russia. The authors study the possibility of considering the main economic directions of emigration as the reasons of economic crises. The study analyses the number of Russian citizens employed in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The article carries out a detailed study of the volume of net capital outflow by the private sector from Russia in 2019-2020. The authors make an attempt to substantiate the thesis about the root cause of migration processes in the system of global transformations. The paper justifies the need for a detailed analysis of macroeconomic indicators of development in order to build a retrospective view of the primacy of the studied processes.

Migration is a complex social process, which is not limited to territorial movement. It includes economic, labor, psychological, cultural and other aspects. In this regard, adaptation processes are an important goal of the study. They can be either successful or unsuccessful. It depends on many conditions that are classified into external and internal. The aim of the article is to analyze these factors affecting the adaptation process. The study of subjective factors of adaptation is associated with the internal motivation, attitudes, goals and motives of migrants moving in another country. The article focuses on the steps and levels of migrants integration in the host society. The determining influence on the dynamics of adaptation processes is provided by migration policy that regulates migration flows. The adaptation process itself seems either multilevel, progressive, otherwise it ends at some stage. The purpose of the article is precisely to reveal the passage of adaptation steps and levels, mainly of labor migrants located in Russia.

In this article, we analysed the data of the censuses of 1897, 1927 and 1930. The analysis showed that the de- mographic changes in Bessarabia in the years 1897–1930 represent a complex and multifactorial process. An obvi- ous tendency of significant reduction of the percentage of Ukrainian and Jewish population, as well as the increase in the share of the Russian and Moldovan (Romanian) population was observed. The migration process was an important factor in the creation of this situation. The ethno-demographic composition in Bessarabia at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, changed during the First World War and, to a much greater extent, during the Civil War. The unification of Bessarabia with Romania in 1918 had influenced on both the number and the ethnic composition of the population of Bessarabia. During this period, the Russian elite was removed from many key positions in the social and economic life, which led to an internal migration from cities to rural areas in Bessarabia. The political events (in the pre-war, war and post-war periods), as well as the post-war economic problems played an important role in the emigration of ethnic minorities from Bessarabia.

The article shows the results of sociological research of the Russians' attitude towards migrants with the focus on Ukrainian and Latin American groups due to their opposite characteristics. The conducted survey of recipient culture representatives have revealed some models of interactions between the dominant nation and ethnic minorities. Both groups have high level of integration ability. The differences between them are quantitative, professional and sociocultural characteristics. Despite the latest political crisis the attitude of the recipient society towards these two groups remains more positive, and it differs them from the rest of migrants in Russia.

In recent years, migration from the Middle East and Africa to Europe has acquired a large scale, thereby having become a typical phenomenon of the world’s political life. This problem is being widely discussed in Russian daily news TV programs. Thus, it is an important segment of today’s Russian TV reality. The paper proves that the reality created by television differs from real life. From this assumption, a new approach is suggested to studying the Russian information space in which each television message forms the TV reality in various aspects. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of TV news about the European migrant crisis, which is carried out by the author on the basis of 56 TV spots from the news programs on two Russian TV channels, reveals some general tendencies in TV coverage of the problem. News spots (both daily and weekly) devoted to the problems of refugees from the Middle East and Africa are informative. They differ in genres, but the problem report prevails. This provides grounds to claim that such TV spots are often central in news programs. However, along with the external balance of news programs about migrants, one can notice one-sidedness of the thematic aspects being covered: the materials (with few exceptions) are considered from the political perspective. Therefore, the audience is able to comprehend migratory processes only from the political point of view, which is not quite right. On the whole, the neutral connotation of news about refugees in EU countries prevails on both TV channels. Negative and positive estimates occur, but they are less pronounced, which is justified and natural. The essential amount of materials about the European migrant crisis is accompanied by comments of the top Russian officials. The position of Russia on integration of migrants into the European Union is presented as clear and thought over. Studies of this sort will allow to further consider any subject which is a segment of the TV reality. Objective data on the contents of TV news may contribute to identification of the existing problems and help to find their optimal solutions.

This article distinguishes different theoretical approaches towards the international migration studies from the perspective of economic, social and political sciences. The author focuses on the interdisciplinary nature of the research of the mentioned phenomenon both for its detailed analysis and for defining its main notions.