Search

Aim. To study the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on metabolic profile, insulin resistance (IR), central and peripheral hemodynamics, endothelial function and antioxidant activity in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MS).Material and methods. The study included 30 postmenopausal women with MS, receiving Angeliq medication (estradiol 1 mg, drospirenone 2 mg) for 6 months. At baseline and 6 months after the start of the treatment, fasting and two-hour postprandial levels of lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured. The other parameters included HOMA-IR index, body composition and visceral fat percentage, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM), echocardiography, microcirculation (MC) parameters, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress markers.Results. Mean body mass index (BMI) decreased from 30,9 kg/m2 to 30,2 kg/m2 (р=0,068), while mean visceral fat percentage changed from 40,6% at baseline to 42,2% after 6 months (р=0,002). These changes were explained by natural menopause course, as well as progressing IR and menopausal MS. BP levels were effectively reduced, according to the 24-hour BPM data; all participants achieved target BP levels. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass index significantly decreased from 116,1 to 110,8 (р

In total, 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and 25 patients with MI and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) received an ACE inhibitor zofenopril (zocardis) for 6 months, as a part of their basis therapy. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system dynamics, endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms - NO and HSP70 stress proteins - were assessed during first 24 hours after hospitalization, as well as 1 and 6 months after MI. Long-term zofenopril therapy was associated with reduced levels of free-radical lipid peroxidation, due to protective antioxidant enzyme activation and increase in serum total antioxidant activity. The medication also improved the parameters ofprotective HSP70 system and endothelial function.

The article reviews major ways of streamlining approaches to testing the following quality parameters of drugs presented in the dosage form oftablets: “Identification”, “Dissolution”, “Disintegration”, “Related impurities”, “Residual organic solvents”, “Assay”. The article describes results of a comparative analysis of requirements laid down in the leading world pharmacopoeias, WHO documents and national requirements for tablets standardization. The analysis covers such issues as classification of drugs, terms used to describe various tablet groups, differences in the choice of test methods, as well as in approaches to assessment of parameters and use of reference standards. The analysis makes it possible to define national requirements for tablets quality, which is particularly important in view of the future work on the development of pharmacopoeial monographs on drugs for the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.

Provision of machining accuracy is a relevant objective in technology of mechanical engineering and its solution allows to guarantee an operational accuracy of mechanisms and machines, their wear resistance, reliability and durability. In order to solve the given task a method has been proposed in the paper that permits to ensure the highest machining accuracy margin on the basis of multiple-factor optimization of parameters for technological process while using methods of artificial intelligence. To ensure the machining accuracy by point tools, an intellectual system has been developed and it is based on technologies of functional semantic networks. For revealing correctness of SEMANTIC intellectual system operation an experimental inspection of its working capacity has been carried out in the paper. The paper contains description of the methodology for In article the technique of experimental investigations and their purpose is to make a comparative analysis of actual errors in opening machining with the machining errors predicted by the SEMANTIC system on the basis of functional semantic network application. The investigations have made it possible to determine dependences of axial misalignment in the machined openings on tool advance and its rotation frequency while making openings by high-speed steel drills. The paper presents analysis results of limiting and probable values for components of a total machining error. It has been shown that while making assessment of machining accuracy it is necessary to consider probabilistic nature of occurrence of total error components that are setting upper boundary as it is realized in the described intellectual system. The semantic network permits to compare errors in arrangement of opening axes which are machined in accordance with admissible drill advance and rotation frequency and corresponding experimental values. The experimental investigations prove the possibility to use an approach for forecasting a total machining error which is based on application of functional semantic network technology.

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have greatly enhanced the life expectancy of women with cancer. As a result, there is a growing population of adolescent and adult long-term survivors of cancer. The continuous development of techniques of assisted human reproduction has led to important strategies in an attempt to maintain reproductive function in patients subjected to chemoand radiotherapy treatment of cancer, among them cryopreservation of embryos, gametes, and ovarian cortical tissue.

The article is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of car recycling programs in Germany and France in 2009-2010. It summarizes the main EU actions on car recycling: there are three groups of mechanisms of stimulation the consumer demand for automobiles during the crisis. Based on the statistical data analysis there are 3 groups of EU countries identified in terms of car sales and its trends in 2008-2015. In the leading countries for car sales (Germany and France) is traced a close connection between the growth of sales during the crisis years and the implementation of scrappage programs. As a result of the comparative evaluation of particularities and issues of realization of programs in these countries it is determined that French experience on the whole is more successful than German one.

The article is devoted to the measures to solution the problem of air pollution in Germany. The most significant of all the sources of air pollution is thermal power generation. Analysis of the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990-2012 in Germany showed a positive trend in its reduction, mainly due to their reduction in the electricity sector. The results of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol in Germany and major public policy measures in 2000 contributed to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of reforms in the power sector. They are caused mainly by the practice of economic instruments aimed at structural changes in the production of electricity with orientation to alternative energy sources.

The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects of increasing the national food security in Russia - the government measures of boosting an agriculture sector. The article deals with the current peculiarities of food security and the main problems of agriculture in Russian Federation. The development of agriculture and vegetables’ growing were analyzed during 1990-2012 and a few regional leaders of vegetables’ growing were also determined. The authors made estimations of the state measures related to the agricultural development on federal and regional levels of government and the comparison with the successful experience of vegetables’ growing. The continuing threat of the food security not unsuccessfully is solved by the federal and regional levels of governments` measures mainly using a software approach in Russian Federation. Along with Russian regions actively use direct and indirect effects` methods: the backing of industry participants, preferential lending terms, the introduction of insurance, new technologies and the updating material and technical base. The most effective instruments of regulation were also indicated.

The article is concerned with modern features of the regional development management in Russia. The main vectors of its regional policy — aligning and stimulating — are studied. The mechanisms of alignment policy — inter-budget relationships and regional programs of social-economic development of Russian regions are analyzed. The main forms of stimulating policy of regional development — federal programs, special economic zones and investment projects of public-private partnership are described. The key issues of regional policy in Russia are identified.

Interregional disparities in the level of socio-economic development of Russia in 1995-2009 remain high. The authors identified the main tendencies of dynamics during the periods of economic growth and economic crisis: the disparities were growing till 2005, and after there was a tendency to reduce. These trends have been identified on the basis of an analysis of regional coefficient of asymmetry on key per-capita indicators (GDP, investment in fixed capital, etc.), indicators of spatial concentration and deviations from the average in Russia (volume of GDP, per capita GDP and investments) on the level of federal districts and regions. The main reasons of thes dynamics were economic crisis, the governmental anti-crisis measures and measures of social support. Comparison of level of interregional disproportions in Russia and abroad resulted that differentiation of levels of socio-economic development at the federal level is comparable to the differences in EU-countries, but at the level of regions - with countries of the world.

The paper considers problems on accuracy assurance of machine component cutting while using edge tools. An approach based on artificial intelligence technologies in particular technologies of functional semantic networks. The paper analyzes a possibility to apply functional semantic networks for optimization of cutting parameters. An intellectual system intended for solution of applied problems is described in the paper. The paper reveals a system structure and an example for setting optimal cutting speed is cited in the paper.

The paper considers problems pertaining to designing of accessories for metal-cutting machine tools. The approach based on expert systems technologies has been used in the paper. The paper describes a hybrid expert system and its knowledge is presented in the form of production rules. The paper studies knowledge bases intended for a selection of basing scheme and also for a selection of clamping elements and power drives of machine-tool accessories. Variable conditions of database rules are described in the paper. The paper presents an example of selecting a structure of a power mechanism for a machine tool accessory. The possibility to use an expert system in the integrated systems of automated machine-tool accessory designing is revealed in the paper.

The article is considered at the problems of classification of the enterprises clusters, caused by imperfection of the methodology. The short review of the most widespread cluster classifications is executed. The researcher's bases applied for the cluster classifications are critically analyzed. An application of the categories and system approach as the methodology of the ordering of different kinds of the enterprises clusters is proved. The method of «Series of information criteria» is a base of the author's cluster typology. A number of the information criteria on the base processes which carriers cluster components are given.

The article is devoted to the problems and the content of academic course «Regional Economics and management» at the Economic Faculty of People's Friendship University of Russia and its importance for professional skills of economists. The position of the course «Regional Economics and management» in the educational standards, the role of spatial analysis, and consequences of its undervaluation were analyzed. Special importance was given to main course' objectives and practical skills of applied analysis used in the teaching process; the role of the department of Regional Economics and Geography in enhancing the students' interest to the course.

This article is dedicated to the special development's aspect of modern foreign economic relations` forms of Russia with foreign countries and joint ventures. In this article are considered the regional distinctions of organization's formation which have been founded with the participation of the foreign capital from 1998 to 2007 when after the crisis of 1998 started cardinal changes in the country's economy. In this article have been revealed the main Russia's countries-companions in joint venture, its branch-wise and regional preferences, the number changes of such organizations and the spatial displacement.

Aim of the study: to compare the antitumor efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines with the same antigens but different adjuvants: Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C); to evaluate the effect of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) on the cytokine profile of serum and the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells. Material and Methods. To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of vaccines with different adjuvants, two transplantable tumor lines were used: melanoma B16-F10 and EG 7-OVA lymphoma (expressing ovalbumin) for C57BL/6 mice. Against melanoma B16-F10, vaccination with the peptide TRP2 180–188 with the studied adjuvants was performed in a mixed (preventive/therapeutic) and therapeutic regimens. Ovalbumin with adjuvants was vaccinated against EG 7 lymphoma in a therapeutic mode. The immunogenicity of vaccines with different adjuvants in mice without tumors was evaluated by the ELISPOT method. In this case, the peptide TRP2 180–188 and the protein ovalbumin also served as antigens. The cytokine profile of blood serum and changes in the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells after administration of Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C) were studied using flow cytometry. Results. In the B16-F10 model, vaccination in a mixed mode protected mice from tumor formation, and the mice lived for more than 100 days. For B16-F10 and EG 7, vaccination in the therapeutic mode led only to inhibition of tumor growth. Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) showed a similar ability to develop specific immunity to the peptide TRP2 and ovalbumin. Ridostin Pro increased cytokine levels in the blood serum of mice more strongly than Poly(I:C). Both drugs caused similar changes in the immunophenotype of spleen cells, but Ridostin Pro increased the number of CD 69+ T cells more strongly than Poly(I:C). Conclusion. The comparison of two drugs as adjuvants for antitumor vaccines showed that the domestic drug Ridostin Pro did not inferior in effectiveness to Poly(I:C) on mouse models. In this regard, Ridostin Pro can be considered as a promising adjuvant for antitumor vaccines and deserves further study.

Introduction. The article presents the results of an analytical review of scientific papers reflecting the stages of formation and development of the theory of scientific discourse in Russian linguistics. The purpose of the article is to systematize and critically analyze approaches, concepts and methodological principles of the study of scientific communication in the aspect of its communicative-pragmatic, genre-stylistic, linguocognitive and linguocultural specifics.Methodology and sources. The paper is based on theoretical concepts in the field of discourse analysis, considering discourse as a type of social practice, as a methodology of corpus linguistics using software tools and quantitative methods to extract language structures from large arrays of texts. An overview of the existing empirical research base is given.Results and discussion. As a result of the review study, the evolution of approaches to scientific discourse is characterized, their chronological framework is determined, key concepts that influenced the modern understanding of scientific communication are identified (genre-stylistic, sociocultural, cognitive, linguocultural, pragmalinguistic, communicative-pragmatic approaches), modern interpretations of scientific discourse are analyzed and prospects for further research are outlined. It is shown that in the study of scientific discourse, the corpus methodology is today in demand and is used in its synchronic and diachronic description. The diachronic development of the English-language scientific discourse by the example of a scientific article genre is an extremely interesting issue, which, according to our data, has not been thoroughly studied before. That is why our further works will be devoted to its consideration.Conclusion. It is shown that despite the long and intensive study of scientific discourse in the scientific literature there is an insufficient number of works highlighting the trends in the development of scientific communication genres, which demonstrate a certain historical dynamics and changes in the collective consciousness. It is concluded that the discursivecorpus approach to the study of scientific discourse and the methods of corpus linguistics make it possible to objectively identify and describe dynamic processes in the field of written scientific communication caused by changing ways of knowledge transfer under the influence of changes in the socio-cultural context and intensive development of science.

Introduction. The paper focuses on the linguistic concepts of terminology and a term system, provides the views of linguists on the definition and differentiation of these terms, explains the semantics of the word and the term, as well as the role of the cognitive approach in modern terminology. The scientific work defines a concept and a category, and describes the role of the processes of conceptualization and categorization in English terminology. As more than 90 % of new words appearing in modern languages is vocabulary for special purposes, it is increasingly important to study the ways of their formation. The research is relevant since it provides a deeper understanding of the structure and content of concepts that underlie the formation of language categories, the mechanisms of interaction between cognitive and language structures in the process of forming the terminological meaning.Methodology and sources. In light of the cognitive approach to understanding the semantics of a word the authors emphasize anthropocentrist thinking, language picture of the world and lexical-semantic variants of the word. The cognitive approach allows us to reveal the causes and mechanisms of dynamic processes in the field of professional nomination, taking into account the changing cognitive and communication needs of people. The research is made using corpora data.Results and discussion. It has been found out, that cognitive categories are linked to conceptually defined prototypes that are crucial for the formation of categories. The necessary to define the central elements of prototypical categories has been proved, as they make the category logical, understandable and convenient, since all members of the category meet a given list of characteristics. As a result of the research it has been proved that in an investment terminological system a prototype turns out to be the best representative of a category.Conclusion. It has been concluded that the study of conceptualization and categorization processes is extremely important when analyzing terminological systems in general, and investment terminological system of English, in particular, because it allows to identify the basic concepts underlying the formation of terminological systems. The study of the principles and mechanisms of categorization of language units makes it possible to identify and analyze their prototypical semantics in terms of their common properties with the prototype of the category. This possibility is of paramount importance for research in the field of cognitive linguistics, since it is the prototypical semantics of language units that largely determines their use in a sentence to convey a particular meaning.