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Romiplostim was effective, safe, and well-tolerated over 6–12 months of continuous treatment in Phase 3 trials in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This report describes up to 5 years of weekly treatment with romiplostim in 292 adult ITP patients in a long-term, single-arm, open-label study. Outcome measures included adverse events (including bleeding, thrombosis, malignancy, and reticulin / fibrosis), platelet response (platelet count >50 × 109 per litre), and the proportion of patients requiring rescue treatments. Treatment – related serious adverse events were infrequent and did not increase with longer treatment. No new classes of adverse events emerged. Thrombotic events occurred in 6.5 % of patients and were not associated with platelet count. Median platelet counts of 50–200 × 109 per litre were maintainedwith stable doses of romiplostim (mean 5–8 μg / kg; generally self-administered at home) throughout the study. A platelet response was achieved at least once by 95 % of patients, with a platelet response maintained by all patients on a median 92 % of study visits. There was a low rate of bleeding and infrequent need for rescue treatments. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that romiplostim was safe and welltolerated over 614 patient-years of exposure in ITP patients, and that efficacy was maintained with stable dosing for up to 5 years of continuous treatment.

Romiplostim was effective, safe, and well-tolerated over 6–12 months of continuous treatment in Phase 3 trials in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This report describes up to 5 years of weekly treatment with romiplostim in 292 adult ITP patients in a long-term, single-arm, open-label study. Outcome measures included adverse events (including bleeding, thrombosis, malignancy, and reticulin / fibrosis), platelet response (platelet count >50 × 109 per litre), and the proportion of patients requiring rescue treatments. Treatment – related serious adverse events were infrequent and did not increase with longer treatment. No new classes of adverse events emerged. Thrombotic events occurred in 6.5 % of patients and were not associated with platelet count. Median platelet counts of 50–200 × 109 per litre were maintainedwith stable doses of romiplostim (mean 5–8 μg / kg; generally self-administered at home) throughout the study. A platelet response was achieved at least once by 95 % of patients, with a platelet response maintained by all patients on a median 92 % of study visits. There was a low rate of bleeding and infrequent need for rescue treatments. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that romiplostim was safe and welltolerated over 614 patient-years of exposure in ITP patients, and that efficacy was maintained with stable dosing for up to 5 years of continuous treatment.

Consumers of culture can often view history subjectively, perceiving people and events through an idealistic memory to satisfy their perception of ‘great’, heroic people. The image of American writer Ernest Hemingway was partly created by favorable media imagery and celebrity culture. With the advent of newer media technologies in the twentieth century, writers such as Hemingway, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Emile Zola and Ford Maddox Ford (often called the Lost Generation [generation perdue]) were able to carefully manipulate their audience through their writing and the Romantic image that was circulated by the public. The idealized way in which these authors were viewed is reminiscent of the period of Romanticism, when authors such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Lord Byron were revered as geniuses. Through films such as Woody Allen’s Midnight in Paris (2011), the Hemingway Myth – in which various attributes and details about the author were exaggerated to fuel Hemingway’s image – has endured well into the twenty-first century. This paper will examine the progress and transformation of the Hemingway Myth, i.e., how it contradicted the man himself. Cultural memory is especially fostered through literature and film, and Allen’s film, along with the 2012 Hemingway and Gellhorn, not only aids this image, of Hemingway as a passionate, romantic gentleman, but it greatly embellishes it. Hemingway’s own works, moreover, facilitated the romanticized manner in which he was received by his public, only later to be solidified in his appearances in various American magazines. This paper will argue that in the field of literature, celebrity authors particularly benefit from the flattering outcome of cultural memory, in which figures such as writers and artists are enamored by their public. By existing in an overwhelmingly artistic industry, it is no surprise that the memory many of these writers leave behind, to this very day, is equally artistic.