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The article considers immune phenotyping heterogeneity of chronic lymphatic leukemia detected using basic diagnostic markers ofcell. The results of analysis of immune phenotypes of 108 patients with B-cell lymphatic proliferative diseases made it possible to establish that the atypical is related most rarely to indicators of expression of monotypic immunoglobulines and CD5 and most frequently to CD23, FMC7, CD22 and CS79b. During the present observation, the immune phenotyping count made up "3" or "2"points and the atypical alternative was registered among 10% of all examined patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. It is demonstrated that patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia and with lower immune phenotyping count are characterized by major intensity of tumor substrate.

Aim: To clarify the prognostic value of the baseline blood levels of endogenous erythropoietin (EE) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) involved in the key components of the pathogenesis of anemia in lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD), the counts of reticulocytes and platelets (hematopoietic preservation indicators) in the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to correct anemia syndrome (AS) in patients with LPD., Subjects and Methods: The results of AS treatment with ESAs were analyzed in 48 patients with LPD. A study group comprised patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=1 3), indolent lymphomas (n=14), and multiple myeloma (n=21). Their hemograms (hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells, packed cell volume, reticulocytes, and platelets) and blood EE and TNF-alpha levels were examined before using ESAs. The hemogram was monitored during treatment. ESAs (eralfon (epoietin alpha) in 21 patients and epres in 27) were subcutaneously injected in a dose of 150 IU/kg thrice weekly (for not more than 16 weeks). A control group included 21 anemic patients with multiple myeloma who did not receive ESAs. Increasing hemoglobin concentrations up to 120 g/l was regarded as a positive response to ESA treatment., Results: By and large, the efficacy of epoietin alpha was 62.5% (61.9% for eralfon and 63.0% for epres), which was significantly higher than that in the control group (23.4%; p<0.05). A number of blood laboratory parameters were found to be of value in predicting the efficacy of ESAs. The patients with the decreased baseline concentrations o EE ( <130 mlU/ml) and TNF- alfa (,15 pg/ml) were ascertained to show a positive response more frequently (80 and 92.9%, respectively; p<0.05) than those with thepredicting the efficacy of ESAs. The patients with the decreased baseline concentrations of EE (<130 mlU/ml) and TNF-a (<15 elevated concentrations of the enzymes in question. In addition, a positive response was more often recorded in patients with reticulocyte counts of more than 1% (77.4%; p<0.05) and platelets of 100-10(9)/1 (70%; p=0.05)., Conclusion: Estimating the baseline blood levels of EE and TNF-a and the counts of reticulocytes and platelets prior to the use of ESAs enables prediction of the efficiency of erythropoiesis-stimulating therapy in anemic patients with LPD.

The aim of the study was to work out a method for determining the soluble transferrin receptor (TfR) on the basis of the direct immune-enzyme analysis, including its dynamic testing in patients with anemia of various etiologies. Reagents, needed for the above analysis, i.e. TfRs and antibodies to them, were obtained to implement the set goal. TfR was isolated by Kanevsky's affine chromatography from the homogenate of patients. The thus isolated TfR was used to immunize and to obtain the monoclonal antibodies. The conjugate of horseradish peroxidase (HP) and antibodies to TfR were made use of to determine the quantity of bound antibodies. One type of antibodies were immobilized in plates of the "Nunk" company (Denmark), and the other type of monoclonal antibodies were conjugated with HP. A reliably higher TfR in iron-deficiency anemia was shown during the determination of the TfR level in 36 donors and 266 patients. After a conducted ferrotherapy, the TfR level went down approaching the normal value. The TfR level was related with a disease stage and activity of the prolipherative process in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, B12-folate-dependent anemia, lympho- and myeloprolipherative diseases and in oncology patients. The elaborated method opens up new possibilities for the differential diagnosis of anemia and provide for objective criteria of a conducted therapy.

Aim: To study incidence, special features and mechanisms underlying onset of extrahepatic lesions in HCV-infection., Materials and Methods: Extrahepatic symptoms of chronic hepatitis C and its outcome--hepatic cirrhosis were studied in 157 patients. HCV-infection was confirmed by ELISA II and polymerase chain reaction (detection in the serum of anti-HCV and HCVRNA, respectively). Morphological studies of the liver were made in 134 patients, of other organs and tissues--in 20 patients. Immunological tests were made in 124 patients. Thyroid hormones, antibodies to thyroglobuline were measured with radioimmunoassay in 74 patients., Results: Extrahepatic manifestations were found in 70(44.6%) patients with chronic hepatitis C (more frequently in hepatic cirrhosis), for the most part in women and in long-lasting disease. 54(43.5%) women had cryoglobulinemia, 27 of them showed it clinically. Patients with cryoglobulinemia and free of it exhibited varying frequency cutaneous vasculitis, Raynaud's syndrome, affection of the muscles and joints, nodular periartheritis, lesions of the lungs, myocarditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, lichen ruber planus, porphyria cutanea tarda, immune cytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy, B-cell lymphoma. Of high frequency were activity of rheumatic factor (66.9%), hypocomplementemia (31.8%), antinuclear antibodies (9.8%) and other immunological disorders., Conclusion: Some extrahepatic lesions in HCV-infection are detailed: frequent mixed cryoglobulinemia and associated vasculitides of different sites, malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, more frequent than in HBV-infection involvement of the thyroid and salivary glands, some skin lesions.

The study was made of lisine- and arginine-rich histone fractions and DNA in lymphocytes of peripheral blood in patients with lupus erythematosus. The findings showed intranuclear changes of immunocompetent cells in various forms of the disease. The above parameters may be used in the diagnosis, evaluation of treatment efficacy, prognosis.

Elevated blood serum concentrations of R protein were revealed in the patients with malignant lymphomas of the skin and with Kaposi's sarcoma. In both conditions the level of R protein was elevated as against the norm and related to some cellular and humoral immunity parameters. Measurement of R protein concentrations and of the levels of some cellular and humoral immunity parameters in malignant lymphomas of the skin and Kaposi's sarcoma evidence a prognostic value of R proteins.

The authors describe a method for the detection of carbohydrate determinants contained by the cellular surface membrane glycosylated biopolymers, based on the use of horse radish peroxidase-conjugated Arachis, Helix pomatia, Ricinus communis, Lens, Glycine max, Sophora japonica lectins. The pattern of lectin receptor distribution on normal human blood lymphocytes, tonsillar lymphoid cells, and in some forms of leukemia and lymphoma is shown. The authors consider it essential that a lectin kit be used along with enzymochemical and immunocytochemical markers as an additional test for the diagnosis of various forms and types of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases.

Differences in the interferon status of various nature were revealed in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin and with Kaposi's sarcoma, whose interferon system was examined in respect of its three major parameters. Such data are a sufficient basis for the correction of the detected changes by interferon preparations combined with other chemical drugs. Two parameters of the interferon system may serve as criteria of interferon therapy efficacy: increased alpha-interferon level and, more so, normalization of the gamma component of interferon production, tested by the gamma parameter.

Activity of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was studied in thrombocytes of donors and patients with various hematological diseases. The enzymatic activity was decreased in acute leukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, chronic leukemia and blast transformation myeloma, microspherocytic and hypoplastic anemias. Variable level of the activity was observed in chronic lympholeukemia and non-Hodgkin disease. In all the diseases studied functions of thrombocytes were altered after treatment with various aggregating agents (ADP, thrombin, collagen, adrenaline, ristomycin).

Intact human erythrocytes from venous blood were investigated. It has been found that the width and form of signals of 2.3 DFG vary strongly, but for the given person these characteristics of the signals are stable parameters. These variations were shown to correspond to the degree of inhomogeneity of erythrocytes population in venous blood as regards their relative concentrations of Hb and HbO2. The width of the signals of 2.3 DFG, so far reflects functional activity of the human red blood cells in oxygen transport.

The nature of interaction of cortisol with corticosteroid-binding globulin was studied in the blood plasma of normal subjects and patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Sex-dependent differences in cortisol interaction with corticosteroid-binding globulin were found in hemoblastosis patients. Male patients showed a decrease in the binding capacity of corticosteroid-binding globulin and an increase in the affinity constant and index of free cortisol. In females no significant changes were observed.