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Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is to complete the research in the Russian reflexive verbs - first in a series of articles intended to demonstrate how language teaching could correct some points of General Linguistics. This paper capture the lessons learned and gives recommendations on how the complicated phenomenon can be quite simply presented to foreign audiences when teaching the Russian language. Linguistically postfix -sya that marks reflexive verbs is to regulate subject - object balance within utterance in accordance with the speaker’s intention. And thus, voice of verbs is not so much a verbal category as a syntactic one. In terms of teaching, it is proposed to use a continuum scale with extreme points “100% active - 100% passive” based on the idea of “independence” of the subject S1. It is proposed to use the concept of “closed system”, borrowed from physics. There are 3 zones on the scale: an undoubted asset - a “transition zone” - an undoubted liability. This makes the phenomenon of reflexivity simple and understandable and removes a number of difficulties.

The discussion aims to identify the interpretive mechanisms that provide an interface be­tween text and context (between language and the world, language and culture, language and society). It is a multi-level system of interfaces connected by inversion and recursion relations and operations. We identify this system as a pragmasemantics. It also acts as an interface platform for correlation/transformation of intra-system semantic units and extralinguistic objects within a set of possible worlds. At the same time, this platform is endowed with the autopoietic potential to generate new operating interfaces systems, as well as textualized structures of operations and interpretations (instructions, memory, reframing). The genera­tion of meaning is the result of the interaction of the system platform with the platform-as-context, due to the possibility that one generates and determines the operational potential of the other, acting a recursive loop or Möbius strip. The connection between subjectivity and meaningful semiosis is crucially important due to the key role of textualization and langua­ging. The signified are reproduced by signifiers and thus generate those processes that are structured by interactions and other practices. In complex systems (biological and beyond), the possibility of self-replication arises through recursive self-interpretation. Thus, subjectivi­ty acts as a kind of universal interface that determines the change of contexts, their interac­tion, the generation of possible new ones, ensuring the pro-creativity and pre-adaptability of the system (its stability and development.

I discuss the criteria of defining linguistics against other science branches. Lin­guistics is not a proper part of semiotics, since the foundations of language do not necessarily rely on the theory of sign systems. Grammar always operates on sets, including the sets consisting of one element. Not all language objects can be treated as signs. The connectors, i. e. segmental means marking the levels of clause linkage are legal linguistic objects, but the analysis of in­dividual texts is a prerogative of philological and interdisciplinary research.

IV Международная научно-практическая конференция «Лингвистические и культурологические аспекты современного инженерного образования» проводилась 15–17 ноября 2023 г. на базе отделения иностранных языков Школы общественных наук Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета (г. Томск) и была посвящена памяти кандидата педагогических наук, доцента Николая Александровича Качалова. Традиционно ее направлениями выступали: актуальные векторы исследований и подходы в современной лингвистике; профессия переводчика: вызовы современности и опыт преподавания перевода; лингводидактические, психолого-педагогические и культурологические аспекты подготовки инженеров будущего; взаимосвязи языка и культуры: общество, литература, перевод и традиции и инновации в методике обучения иностранным языкам. Партнерами мероприятия являются Белорусский национальный технический университет, Белорусский государственный экономический университет и Новосибирский государственный технический университет. В рамках конференции организована работа пяти секций и четырех круглых столов, посвященных преподаванию элективных дисциплин как инструмента гуманитаризации инженерного образования, изучению китайского языка, использованию различных дидактических инструментариев для планирования учебных дисциплин, а также социокультурной адаптации иностранных студентов в российских вузах. Пленарные доклады были посвящены оценке качества и проблемам поиска критериев письменного перевода, профессионально значимым компетенциям письменной коммуникации сотрудников инженерного университета на примере программ «Переводческие решения для научно-технической документации» и «Наука для общества», а также вопросам комбинаторной лингвистики. В работе первого направления конференции «Творческое наследие Николая Александровича Качалова» приняли участие с докладами члены семьи, коллеги, соратники и ученики. В своем докладе Ольга Ивановна Качалова осветила наиболее существенные вехи его личностного и профессионального становления, а Вероника Михайловна Ростовцева отметила вклад Николая Александровича в развитие образования и науки не только города Томска, но и целого сибирского региона. Данный вклад обусловлен организационно-педагогическими и научно-методическими аспектами деятельности его как исследователя, руководителя и «институционалиста».

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the linguistic features and pragmatic potential of advertising texts in the field of educational services. The most important factors that shape educational advertising have been identified, in particular, the specific object of advertising, an expressive target audience, the polycode character of the text and the types of advertising for strategic purposes. The features of the structure of advertisements for language courses as well as the semantic load of language units in terms of semantics and belonging to parts of speech in accordance with the elements of the repeating model of the advertising text are analyzed in detail. Language means also described. To expand upon the idea of this type of advertising text, Ukrainian and Chinese advertisements of language courses have been studied, with partiular reseach interest paid to the differences in the implementation of pragmatic potential at different language levels.

The relevance of the proposed topic is due to the insufficient identification and description of the vocabulary of fauna, as one of the most archaic layers in the vocabulary of almost all FinnoUgric languages. The purpose of this study is to trace the history of the written fixation of the word var-bozgo ‘drone’ in the Udmurt language, starting from its first appearance in the earliest written monuments of the 18th century and ending with the main lexicographic works of the modern period, to consider the lexical-semantic formation of a complex name and determine by possibilities of its etymology. Achieving this goal seems possible by solving problems related to identifying and describing this entomological term in comparison with data from other related and unrelated languages. The research material is handwritten and published written monuments of the 18th-19th centuries, the most important lexicographic works on the Udmurt language of the modern period, as well as possible parallels of these words from contacting related and unrelated languages. The descriptive method is mainly used, as well as some elements of semantic and comparative etymological analysis. The name var-bozgo ‘drone’ is unique - it has no typological parallels, it is recorded only in one written source - the handwritten grammar of M. Myshkin, compiled in the second half of the 18th century. To develop the question, further fixation of individual components of this complex word in the Udmurt language, which function with high and low frequency, is provided. As a result of the study, an expansion of the lexical and semantic content of the word bozgo was discovered during the development of the language. Etymological analysis made it possible to identify the origin of the constituent elements of the entomological term: var ‘servant, slave’ has parallels in many Finno-Permian languages and is an original Udmurt word of the Finno-Permian period of development of the base language; and the origin of the component bozgo ‘zhuk; dung beetle’ is associated with the expressive-figurative word boz ( boz-boz ), expressing the sound image of a buzzing or low voice, to which the unproductive nominal formant -go was added during the period of independent formation of the Udmurt language.

Hybrid languages formed as a result of language contacts are called pidgin languages in the linguistic literature, and the problem of their study is solved by contactology (or creolistics), which is an integral part of sociolinguistics. These are mainly English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Russian. They are widely spread in South America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the northern and eastern regions of the Russian Federation. There are more than 50 Pidgin and Creole languages on Earth (Creole languages were formed due to the subsequent development of the Pidgin language). Creole languages are one of the most exciting fields of study not only from the point of view of linguistics but also from the point of view of history, cultural studies and other theoretical and applied sciences. This is because the number of people using Creole languages is millions. It is concluded from the article that pidgin has a strong influence on the world language landscape of users because not only languages but also their cultures come in contact. Pidgin is shaped by the direct participation of the culture of the contacting communities and serves to communicate because not only languages but also their culture come into contact.

At present, in studies devoted to the literary text, the latter is considered not from a historical, bibliographic or psychological point of view, but as a phenomenon of language from a formal and semantic point of view. The sphere of interest of textual scholars is the various language levels and linguistic features of the text, which are primarily related to the interdisciplinary direction of all scientific knowledge. The fact that a text is not limited to one and only one correct interpretation has led scholars to the conclusion that a text is not just a linguistic unit. It is a complex system, and, like any system in nature, it should be studied taking into account internal and intersystemic interrelationships. This has led to the emergence of related sciences, the subject of which is the text as a means of language communication. Among the relatively new areas in the study of text are functional stylistics, linguistic stylistics, and text linguistics, which study the structure of “text - language communication,” communication between the author and the reader, between the reader and the main characters or actants of a fiction.

Various concepts are verbalized and reflected in language units. These language units exist in different structures. Ideas are mainly realized in the form of fixed expressions. Fixed expressions, in turn, possess other structures. In this linguistic landscape of the world, selected words have their unique and distinct place. The concepts of "friend" and "enemy", while fundamentally within the domain of cognitive linguistics, are primarily linguistic units. Several linguistic teams converge around a particular sign. Their similarity to each other unites them within a paradigmatic framework. Characters with single paradigms enter into associative relations with each other. There exist universal paradigms in language, the universality of which does not depend on individual specific languages and their specific characteristics. The concepts of "friend" and "enemy" are included in these universal paradigms, which are present in all languages. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations create a system. This situation is based on the logic of natural processes. For instance, one of the factors that led to the development of the language system is the constant and reciprocal manifestation of two opposing approaches, two regularities. The first of such images are concepts that form opposite poles. Several aspects can be distinguished within linguistics's foreign and local cognitive direction framework.

I discuss the relation of linguistics and semiotics on the basis of the Old Russian discourse particle TI1 ‘indeed’, ‘verily’, ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal models of language deal with classes of elements and predict their positions. Lexicographic descriptions provide instructions to the use of particular language items treated as signs with their concepts and syntactics. Functional words including discourse particles allow both approaches. The existence of Old Russian particle TI1 as has been proved by Zaliznjak on the basis of formal conditions, constraining the position of this particle in the clausal structure. Meanwhile, Zaliznjak failed to provide a lexicographical description of TI1 and reliable external parallels from other languages. I argue that TI1 is a marker of verification with the meaning ‘p really takes place’. The view that TI1 expressed enhanced indicativity is not tenable, since this particle was licensed in hypothetical contexts and combined with the optative marker. It is essential to identify the lexicographic type of a functional word in order to get its full syntactics.

The study of the terminology of various crafts, including beekeeping, is one of the current trends in modern linguistics. The purpose of the study is to trace the history of the fixation of the words podem ‘bort’ and umorto ‘beehive’ in the Udmurt language, starting from the 18th century - the earliest written monuments - and ending with dictionaries of the modern period, to analyze the development of their semantics, and also to determine the origin. To achieve this goal, the article solves problems focused on identifying and describing the above terms and comparing them with data from other languages. The material of the study was written monuments of the 18th- 19th centuries, modern dictionaries of the Udmurt language, as well as parallels from related and contacting languages. A descriptive method, elements of semantic and etymological analysis are used. The work for the first time traces the history of more than two centuries of fixation of Udmurt words related to beekeeping. The study revealed the expansion of the lexical content of the word umorto in the course of language development. The etymological analysis made it possible to reveal that podem ‘bort’ is a native Udmurt word, and umorto ‘beehive’ was borrowed from Tatar.

The article provides a thesis description of the reports presented at the 15th anniversary conference of the Association of Japanologists, which was held on December 16, 2022 in the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference is traditionally devoted to contemporary problems of Japan, its relations with other countries, with special attention paid to Russian-Japanese relations. At the 2022 conference two plenary reports and more than 30 reports were made in four thematic sections, covering a wide range of issues of Japanese studies. In particular, attention was paid to topical issues in politics, economics and regional security. For the first time, within the framework of the conference of the Association of Japanologists, a session was held dedicated to the issues of linguistics.

The paper addresses the concept of artistic communication as a type of semiotic interaction in the discourses of art. Semiotic methodologies for modelling the sign and the communicative act, developed in the works of Gottlob Frege, Gustav Shpet, Jan Mukařovský, Roman Jakobson, Juri Lotman, Umberto Eco, Suren Zolyan, and some other semioticians, are discussed with a focus on the models of aesthetic sign and the corresponding models of semiosis in relation to artistic systems. The study focuses on the discourses of verbal art in its various manifestations (poetry, prose, drama, performance, spoken word, etc.) as material for a linguistic analysis of artistic communication. The paper specifically discusses the linguistic representations of artistic discourse within a model of aesthetic semiosis. The resulting model of artistic communication in verbal art is presented as a synthesis of Jakobson’s scheme of communicative act and its important specification in Lotman’s model of “literary communication”. Based on the existing models of sign, semiosis, and communication (taking Jakobson’s scheme as the main framework), a synthetic, linguo-aesthetic model of artistic communication is outlined, considering together the linguistic, semiotic, and aesthetic parameters of the artistic act.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review was written in response to the publication of a collection of research articles dedicated to Tatiana V. Shmelyova’s anniversary. Therefore, all articles included in the collection “Increment of Meaning” are related to one of the leading Russian studies researchers of our time, her scientific interests and studies, among which are syntax, philology, speech genres, onomastics, media linguistics, history of science, and key words of the present moment. This review describes and analyses the research articles and reports included in the collection, describes the structure and contents of the publication, identifies the most distinct tendencies in the study of language. Some of the Tatiana V. Shmelyova’s original texts are mentioned as a favourable feature of the collection – the keynote speech at the VI International Russian Language Researchers Congress which opens the collection “Increment of Meaning”, as well as an interview with Tatiana V. Shmelyova which shows her personality as a Scientist, Teacher and Person. The unique thematic and compositional structure of the collection is especially noteworthy–the fact that along with Tatiana V. Shmelyova’s original texts there are also articles written by her colleagues, students and friends gives it a dialogic quality rarely seen in research papers, creates an impression of an unhurried conversation full of discussions about science and, at the same time, full of memories of days/months/years spent together that have inspired each of the participants of the “dialogue” to actively pursue their research and creative work. This dialogic quality is found in the form of other people’s numerous opinions and impressions of Tatiana V. Shmelyova and their experience of working with her which are present in almost every article in the collection (this review contains their quotations) as well as in a more concentrated form in the final section “Materials and Accounts”. The collection “Increment of Meaning” is not only an important research resource for specialists in the Russian language and modern linguistics, but also an invaluable source of information about Tatiana V. Shmelyova as a Person.

An overview of domestic publications on conflictology in the field of linguistics is provided in the article. A quantitative analysis of linguistic works on the problem of conflict from 1990 to 2022 is carried out. The linguistic features of the study of conflict in dissertations, monographs, articles and textbooks are evaluated. Leading research methods: bibliometric analysis, publication method, classification method. The relevance of the study is related to the objective need to understand conflicts in different areas of scientific knowledge, as well as the need to study the contribution of the philological sciences to the development of modern conflictology. Monitoring of linguistic works on conflict shows that linguistics is beginning to take a strong place in the theory of conflictology. The analysis of bibliographic information allows us to characterize the main directions of the problem of conflict study in linguistics: contradictions in language and speech, conflict of language norms, conceptual essence of the conflict phenomenon, verbalization of the concept CONFLICT, objectification of reality conflicts in texts, language markers of conflict potential, destructive practices of conflict, ways of communication optimization, legal dimension of linguistic conflict, linguistic ways of conflict prevention. The author’s diversification of linguistic works by types of conflict is presented in the article.

This year, young scientists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, and Regensburg (Germany) took part in the Linguistics section of the conference. The reports were divided into three thematic blocks. The first block was devoted to the connection between the past and the present in modern Slavic languages. The reports touched upon the issues of lexicology, morphology, and syntax of the Russian language in comparison with other Slavic languages, the results of corpus studies of the grammar of modern Slavic languages, and special attention was paid to sociolinguistic research in Slavic national minorities. During the second session of the “Linguistics” section, topical problems of ethnolinguistics were discussed. The vast geography of the research conducted by young scientists involved in the study of traditional culture included the Saratov region of Russia, Serbia, Macedonia, and China. The third thematic block of reports was devoted to studies of printed and handwritten monuments of Slavic writing, as well as texts in modern Slavic languages. Reports were presented in which the glosses in the monuments of the 17th century were analysed, a classification of ancient Russian toponyms was proposed, and the linguistic means of expressing the national idea in a Polish play of the early 20th century were studied. The moderators of the subsections were employees of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who are experts in each of the designated topics. Scientific communication took place between young scientists, and many presentations were accompanied by lengthy discussions, in which not only the speakers themselves, but also their senior colleagues participated. Some of the speakers take part in the conference every year, while others presented the results of their research within the walls of the Institute for the first time, which indicates the relevance of this conference.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study analyses the socio-cultural aspects of the American version of English. The author identifies and analyses the influence of social factors on this language. The study uses historical-comparative, historical-descriptive methods of linguistic research. A detailed picture of the development and formation of American English is given.

This paper briefly outlines the historical and cultural context of the linguistic discussion about Marxism in linguistics that took place in the Soviet Union in 1950; the materials of the discussion were published in the main Soviet newspaper “Pravda”. I describe the reaction of the academic community to this (undoubtedly incorrect) statement that the Kursk-Orel dialect formed the basis of the Russian national language. The reaction mostly amounted to ritual quotations of this Stalin’s claim (without detailed argumentation) in studies on Russian language and dialectology published by Soviet Slavicists in the 1950s. I discuss proposed explanations for the emergence of the “Kursk-Oryol dialect” theory, in particular, Yu. M. Lotman's hypothesis about the influence of Maxim Gorky's statements on the origin of classical Russian literature in Kursk-Orel steppes as well as several more speculative assumptions. I demonstrate the unsatisfactory character of the proposed explanations and put forward a new hypothesis, which draws attention to the possible influence of F. Engels’ work "The Franconian Dialect".

The next (and not yet the last) issue of the second volume Plants of the Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols, published in Lublin under the editorship of prof. E. Bartminsky and S. Niebrzegowska‑Bartminska, contains the topics Shrubs and Little bushes. The ethnolinguistic “portraits” of the plants are given at the broad Slavic and European background. Like the previous issues, it is a significant contribution to the study of Polish and Slavic folk culture. It also provides various material for linguistic studies of Polish and Slavic phytonymy thanks to a rich dialect corpus of plant names and related folklore and ethnographic contexts. Moreover, the Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols provides a new method of ethnolinguistic lexicography, which can be successfully applied to the study of other Slavic and non‐Slavic languages and cultural traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of the spread of the Russian language outside of Russia over the past years has attracted the attention of researchers from different countries and is one of the important objects of sociological research. The purpose of the article is to clarify the ethnolinguistic conditions for the formation of languages in Mongolia, to establish the socio-political factors in the formation of the Russian community in Mongolia, in particular the city of Ulaanbaatar, to identify demographic indicators such as the total number, age, gender, social composition, occupation, level of education, area of residence Russian in Ulaanbaatar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzesthe "free discussion on problems of linguistics" of 1950, which ended with the publications of Joseph Stalin, aimed at debunking the "new doctrine of language" proposed by Nikolai Marr. In the 1930s the slogan of the world revolution and the principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat, which Marrism was based on, already ceased to satisfy the needs of Soviet ideology and the interests of the State. However, until the early 1950s, the USSR leadership did not take into account the political features of Marr's theory, and only after realizing the destructiveness of ideas about the class nature of the language and calls for revolutionary changes in the language did a reaction from Stalin follow. An important point was the fact that the principles of Marrism did not correspond to the new direction of Soviet post-war policy, associated with the construction of the world socialist system in the form of a bloc of Slavic states. To justify their consolidation, the ideas of Slavic unity began to be actively used. The author pays special attention to revealing the essence of the changes in the Marxist theory, carried out under the auspices of Stalin. Their main purpose wasto establish in Sovietsocio-political thought a new principle of the State of the whole people, which also corresponded to the thesis of the language of the whole people. It is concluded that it was these motives that determined the need for linguistic discussion, and Stalin's works were written not only to demonstrate the anti-Marxist content of Marr's "new doctrine of language" but primarily in order to prepare the Soviet political discourse for the implementation of the principle of the State of the whole people.

The article is devoted to the interpretation of the term discourse in linguistics. As this topic is not unambiguously interpreted in various fields of science, including linguistics, the status of the term discourse is still debated. Given the tendency of the issue to develop in this direction, it should be noted that the subject of research is essential for linguistics. This type of scientific research and various theoretical sources are referred to as the material of scientific research. During the study, analyzes are carried out using the method of comparative descriptive linguistics. At the end of the article, the scientific results are reflected. It is noted here that discourse and text relations allow us to understand the creation of the texts by the persons within any communicative act.

The purpose of the research. This paper describes the linguistic situation in the oil industry of Kazakhstan. The linguistic situation in the oil industry of Kazakhstan is characterized by functioning of the trilingualism with three languages being used simultaneously – Kazakh, Russian and English. Methods and procedure of research. A survey was conducted among industry staff for the level identification of Kazakh-Russian-English trilingualism. Based on questionnaire method, we interviewed 600 oil industry specialists comparing the level of proficiency in the second and third languages, identifying the level of activity and particular spheres of communication for L1, L2, L3 for informants with different socio-demographic characteristics as well as individual motivations when choosing, studying and using the second and third languages Results. Obtained records point out that the forms of interaction of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages are far from being similar. Kazakhs who do not know their native language, but only understand certain phrases make up 2.7%. Statistical data analysis revealed that 80.6% of Kazakhs are fluent in Russian, 1.4% of Kazakhs do not know Russian, 1.0% of Kazakhs are able to understand certain phrases. The age groups of 21-25, 26-35, and 36-45 have the highest English speakers percentage. Conclusions. The Kazakh-Russian-English trilingualism is widespread among representatives of various social and professional groups of the oil industry, who speak their native Kazakh and Russian languages fluently, and also know how to communicate in English.

Modern computer games are gaining popularity in the cultural space. Due to them new modern types of discourse are appeared. The growing role of computer games in various aspects of modern life, the rapid process of complicating their technical parameters gives rise to a parallel process of improving and complicating the texts of game manuals that allow gamers to follow the most effective tactics of the game. The authors of the article, in a comparative manner, analyse foreign and domestic research correlated with the linguistic features of games, game slang, manuals as examples of prescriptive text and their specific features. The texts of game manuals are an important component of game discourse, their special functional specificity and the nature of the addressee predetermine a number of specific linguistic characteristics, which are still a poorly studied. The authors consider the linguistic characteristics of texts at various linguistic levels in their relationship with the informative elements of manuals that correspond to the most important elements of the game. The authors analyse the pragmalinguistic elements of the manuals. They describe stylistic and grammatical features of the developers’ appeal to the prospective players, try to trace the logic of the use of certain linguistic means in the context of the game manuals. The authors analyze game instructions in English and Spanish, which is based on fact that English has been and still remains the main language in which original game manuals are published. Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages ​​on a global scale. Some language similarities and differences of manuals in Spanish and English are analysed. Specific characteristics of manuals regarding the use of techniques that are non-standard for this type of text, ensuring the maximum approximation to the social status and age of consumers are described. In addition, the authors provide examples of English-language game discourse penetration into the Spanish-language game discourse.

This is the second article in a cycle on the connection between genre studies and linguistics. The previous article discussed the question “What have genre studies given to linguistics?” This article focuses on linguistic methods used in speech genres theory: more traditional for linguistics, starting with the descriptive method and its later varieties – structural – and less traditional (component analysis, the method of immediate constituents, the generative method, the method of describing external and deep content structures, the method of semantic fields). Speech genres theory is studied in relation to linguistic paradigms. The most significant for speech genres theory is the turn in linguistics from the study of the language only to the study of speech (discourse), and thus – the recognition of the presence of a specific systematic nature of speech. Besides, speech genres theory is analyzed in connection with traditional linguistic directions: syntactic theory and methodology are used in the study of the composition of speech genres, lexicology and semantics – in the study of the names of speech genres. The major focus is on the modern period when new areas of linguistics and speech genres theory emerge simultaneously (Internet linguistics and Internet genre studies). The article also discusses division of linguistic disciplines in connection both with the speech genre division of language (structural, diachronic, functional) and with the division of genre studies (structure of the speech genres, classification of speech genres, sociology of speech genres, psychology of speech genres and genre thinking, cognitive and culturological aspects of speech genres). The role of speech genres theory in the division of linguistic disciplines into deductive and inductive is also discussed. The article appreciates the role of several outstanding linguists in the development of speech genres theory. In addition, the author briefly touches upon the connection between genre studies and literary studies: in the study of literary texts and genres they converge.

The Dictionary of Slavic Antiquities remains a unique interdisciplinary compendium of knowledge on early Slavic history and culture. It is one of the greatest achievements of the Polish Slavists, and it is still often cited by many modern scholars. This article presents the course of work on the Dictionary, the stages of its creation, and the specifics of the entire publishing process. The author presents the first unsuccessful attempt to publish the dictionary in the 1930s and the second, successful, attempt undertaken after World War II. Particular emphasis is given to the post-war political situation in the country, which had a significant impact on the creation of the Dictionary, including the ability to contact foreign scholars and to use foreign literature. In addition, the article highlights the connection of the Dictionary creators to an interdisciplinary community of scholars little-known outside of Poland called the “Western thought”. Poznan University, founded in 1919, and the Western Institute, founded in 1945 and affiliated with the university, were the main centres of the “Western thought” before and after World War II. This location influenced the content of the submitted articles significantly. Some authors, especially those who worked on articles about the West Slavic region or about the ethnogenesis of the Slavs, had evident Polish-centric views. The position of the scholars was determined by the result of World War II and the return of the so-called “Western lands” to Poland. The article also analyses other problems faced by the editors of “The Dictionary of Slavic Antiquities” and presents the factors that led to the successful outcome of this publishing initiative. One of these was the decision taken by the editorial staff in 1959 to transform the planned two-volume edition into a multivolume scientific encyclopaedia.

This article is a short study of the history of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main focus is both on the circumstances which contributed to its establishment within the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1946 and 1947 and on the scientific activity of the representatives of the first generation of members of the Institute who were the veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The article also throws light upon the current activity of the Institute of Slavic Studies.

Talyshi, classified as belonging to the Northwestern Iranian group of languages, includes a wide range of dialects, which, based on phonological, grammatical and lexical factors, are traditionally divided into three main clusters: Northern, Central and Southern (see Bazin 1980; Stilo 1981; Yarshater 1996). Anbarāni is a Northern Talyshi dialect spoken in Anbarān district (baxš) of Namin sub-provincial district (šahrestān) (Ardabil province) of Iran, in the city of Anbarān and adjacent villages. Relatively a large number of studies deal with the Northern Talyshi dialects spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan. For example, “The Talyshi Texts” by Professor of Iranian Studies Boris Miller, includes short stories, anecdotes, conversations, poetic verses (see Miller 1930) written down in these dialects. Unlike the Northern Talyshi dialects spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Anbarāni dialect is little known and less studied therefore the number of texts, published in this dialect, is quite limited. The aim of this paper is to broaden the scope of knowledge on Anbarāni by introducing a short story of Mullah Nasreddin and analyzing a number of morphological, syntactical and lexical dialectal features based on the text.

The article looks into the issues, outlined in M. Baker's The Atoms of Language: The Mind's Hidden Rules of Grammar . This work is notable for the parametric theory of the languages, set out in it, according to which languages are different, nevertheless retaining the ability to be compared. That can be further supported by the assertion that the differences among languages are determined by "a smallish number of discreet elements, called parameters."What is more, the diversity of language reveals a certain regularity, very much resembling that of Mendeleev's periodic table of chemical elements. Our research team of professional linguists and philosophers put this claim to a critical analysis, the results of which are featured in this article. One of the major ones among them is the supposition that Baker, in accordance with the traditions of Chomsky generative linguistics, turns temporal continuums into special relations. He did that without discussing the consequences of such move, which made it impossible to develop the psychological and linguistic aspect of the subject raised by him.

The article presents an attempt to define the basic concepts and proposes a methodology for identifying the national specificity of the proverbial fund of a given language in the synchronic plan. In modern linguistics, more and more attention is paid to the study of interlingual specificity / generality of proverbs, both in the theoretical (typological, language and cultural), and in the applied (linguodidactic, lexicographic) terms. However, in linguistics there is no special methodological apparatus for establishing and describing the national specificity of proverbs. The aim of the research is to develop and test the basic concepts and methodology for identifying the national specificity of the proverbial fund of the language in the synchronic plan. Research methods - interlingual comparison, structural and semantic modeling, ethnolinguistic analysis, language and cultural description. The research material was over 1,500 of the most actively used Belarusian proverbs (from its paremiological minimum, the main paremiological fund, the corpus of literary texts), as well as proverbs of the Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, Romanic, Finno-Ugrian languages (more than 220,000 proverbs from the most authoritative paremiographic sources in 34 modern European languages). As a result of the study, it was found that for the differentiation of common with other languages and specific units of the proverbial fund of the language, the synchronic analysis based on the structural and semantic modeling of proverbs is the most objective. The linguistic content of the concepts national specificity of a proverbial fund, unique, international, universal proverb, national specificity of a proverb, national and language specificity, national and cultural marking of a proverb has been determined and verified. The methodology for describing the national specificity of a proverbial fund has been developed and tested. It includes the principles and methods of selecting the most representative units for analysis, the determination of the interlingual specificity / generality of proverbs, the ascertainment of their national and language, national and cultural specificity, the identification of the degree and nature of the national marking of the exact language proverbs. It is proved that the national specificity of the proverbial fund is qualitatively and quantitatively determined not by proverbs that are unique against the background of other languages, but by the national and language and / or national and cultural marking common (international and universal) proverbs of other languages.

This is a brief report about the international scientific and practical conference “Japanese Language in Educational Space”, held on March 11–13, 2021 at the Institute of Foreign Languages of the Moscow City University. The first conference on teaching the Japanese language was held in 1994 at the IAAS Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Later, such conferences began to be held, first, once a year, and, later, twice a year. These conferences deal with the problems of teaching the Japanese language, as well as various methodological, linguistic, and linguo-cultural issues. The organizers of this conference are Moscow City University (MGPU), the Association of Teachers of the Japanese Language of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, and the Japan Foundation. These conferences are necessary to improve the methodological and professional level of Japanese language teachers. They are of great importance for young teachers, since there is an opportunity to listen to reports at the conference on various issues of methods of teaching the Japanese language, reports on linguistics and linguo-cultural studies. The program also includes reports in Japanese, which helps to improve the language proficiency of teachers. A collection of articles is published based on the materials of the presentations made at the conference.

This paper presents the scientific work of the Department of Language Studies of the Research Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History (IYALI) during the period of the tightening ideological control over the Soviet intelligentsia activities. The author considers the effect on the work of Kazan linguists of the well-known Resolution "On the status and measures for improving the social and political, ideological activities in the Tatar party organization" (1944). According to the archive materials, the impact of Marr's pseudoscientific theory on the development of linguistics in the Tatar Republic is reflected for the first time. The author notes that Kazan scholars repeatedly had to revise the finished works in the wake of yet another resolutions of the CPSU Central Committee, despite the fact that the ideological tilt could very quickly turn in the opposite direction. The frequent need for changing the results of academic research led to stagnation of research. This problem was also the reason for the lack of published works of the Department of Language Studies, which gave the impression that the research activities of Kazan scholars were lagging behind. In general, the author of the presented article proves that the work of the IYALI linguists corresponded to the general trends in the development of Soviet science and was subordinate to the political guidelines of the Communist Party.

The article presents approaches to the automatic detection of sound repetitions and the measurement of sound coherence in Russian poetic text basing on the syllabocentric concept of the sound texture of the verse, which distinguishes the phonosyllabeme as its main operational unit and determines the main types of relations between the elements of repetition - equiphony and metaphony - and also allows describe the text in its unity of sound-segmental and rhythmic structure. The paper considers the linguistic prerequisites, main algorithms and methods, which form the basis of the PHONOTEXT computer program (web application), which automatically analyzes and visually forms the picture of the sound composition of the text presenting its quantitative characteristics. The basic operations of the program are described in detail, as well as the mathematical formulas used to identify the structure and carry out mathematical measurement of sound repetitions in Russian poetic speech. The article discusses the results of the programs use for the comparative study of poetry and prose, individual works and individual styles of Russian poets. In particular, the data obtained using the Phonotext program allows us to speak of a tendency towards syntagmatic consolidation of the phonosyllabeme and intensive granulation of the sound texture of the text in the individual style of Osip Mandelstam as the evidence of his striving for poetic morphologization of the elements of sound repetition, it also shows a tendency towards the use of the dominant sound theme as a means for cohesion of a complex syntactic and compositional whole, in contrast to Vladimir Nabokovs idiostyle, which is characterized by its orientation towards splitting up the elements of repetition, with a relatively chaotic interaction and spreading of consonances over the text and their low activity as a means of syntagmatic segmentation and consolidation of the text. The prospects for the development of the Phonotext program are described for identifying the relations of segment-sound and prosodic parallelism in speech (relations of equirhythmy and equiphony, including rhyme), which will provide an automatic presentation of a complete picture of the sound composition, the interaction of its main forms in the text and its further functional description.

The research is focused on the conceptual, figurative and value features of health - disease concepts due to their permanently growing importance, reflected in the language mindset. These processes are caused by various trends leading to the increasing danger to human health: epidemics, human-induced disasters, environment pollution. Due to the relevance of the issues, the authors aim to analyse the health - disease conceptual sphere as a strategy to changehuman mentality and the attitude to health as a norm and a value as well as to disease as a deviation from normal life, which implies observation of values and image characteristics of concepts, revealing and describing the cultural semantics of signs. The research is designed according to the original perceptive image that every concept is based on. This image represents a vector basis in a configuration of meanings inherent in the whole conceptual sphere. The analysis of the conceptual sphere using the corpus analysis tools allowed the authors comes to the conclusion that they vary and differ within cultural functionality determined by the conceptual characteristics. Actualization of a negative or positive attitude to health and disease caused by internal and external factors reveals the dominance of the signs motivated by the external events, such as the formation of the new human health-oriented mentality and the creation of a specified conceptual sphere. The description of ambivalent concepts provided in the axiological perspective provides an opportunity to learn more about complicated conceptual spheres and explore linguistic experience objectivation, experienced knowledge quantum as well as social and group specifics in the health - disease conceptual sphere.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing views on professional discourse in linguistics and highlight the concept of maritime discourse in it. The material analyzes such key concepts as discourse, professional discourse and maritime discourse. The key approach to writing a work is diachronic, which manifests itself in the study of the works of linguists on this issue. The article summarizes the scattered views of scientists on the maritime discourse as part of the professional in one system, on the basis of which it is possible to study the key features of the maritime discourse. The value of the article is presented in the form of a theoretical generalization of different views on the concept of maritime discourse for understanding this phenomenon at the present stage of development of cognitive linguistics.