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The relevance of the study is explained by the need to consider the functioning of the mechanisms of discursive sensemaking and an impact on the recipients of information, taking into account the new linguosemiotic opportunities which modern political communication provides and which are manifested not only in the real life, but also in the virtual digital environment. The multimedia technologies are gaining an increasing role, allowing to encode discursive messages, using semiotically polycode format, combining the traditional verbal way of presenting information along with iconic, color, graphic, metatext and other formats. The aim of the study is to prove that semiotic parameters of visual metaphor as a polycode sign functioning in the discursive environment within the framework of the pragmatic situation “Elections”, determine its interpretative and semantic potential and interacting with other sign codes result in new meanings and interpretations. The materials for the study of visual metaphors are the official logos used during the 2024 election campaign in Mexico. The research methodology, which allows for a systematic study of visual metaphors semiotics, is based on the interdisciplinary and polyparadigmatic model of discourse studies and implies an integral approach that combines the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy with the method of sociolinguistic interpretation, semantic, interpretive, linguocognitive and discourse analysis. It has been found out that the linguosemiotic paradigm of Mexican electoral discourse integrates verbal and non-verbal semiotic codes to express meanings, conceptualize and categorize reality. By using of various semiotic codes, the metaphor-logo condenses the semantic content and, as a cognitive model based on analogy, acts as a means of sensemaking, modelling the perception of the world in the interests of the addresser. The use of polysemantic iconic signs-images, understandable to a wide audience of voters, translates connotative, ideological and social meanings. Thus, a visual metaphor as a way of logical comprehension and verbalization of reality functions as a significant component of the cognitive space within electoral discourse.

Introduction. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. TAMs can stimulate cancer cell proliferation and primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer cell invasiveness in vessels and metastatic niche formation as well as support chemotherapy resistance. TAMs are phenotypically diverse both in various cancer localizations and in intratumoral heterogeneous compartments. Tumor-specific modeling of TAMs is necessary to understand the fundamental mechanism of pro- and anti-tumor activity, to test their interaction with existing therapies, and to develop TAM- targeted immunotherapy. Aim of study: To investigate cancer-specific transcriptomic features of ex vivo human TAM models. Material and Methods. Here we compared transcriptomic profiles of TAMs for breast, colorectal, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancers ex vivo. Human monocytes were isolated from buffy coats, and then stimulated by the tumor cell conditioned medium ex vivo. Using real-time PCR, we quantified the expression of key TAM biomarkers including inflammatory cytokines, scavenger-receptors, angiogenesis-regulating genes, and matrix remodeling factors. Results. PCR analysis allowed revealing cancer-specific expression profiles of modeled TAMs. By comparing the existing knowledge about TAM phenotypes in human tumors in vivo with the collected data, we discuss the advantages and limitation of ex vivo TAM models derived from human blood monocytes. Conclusion. Monocytes-derived macrophages stimulated with cancer cell-conditioned medium can, to a certain extent, allow modeling of cancer-specific programming of TAMs. Our model system is valuable to examine agents reprogramming key TAM pro-tumoral activities, and for the reproducible analysis of mechanistic events that program tolerogenic status of TAMs towards cancer cells.

Cognitive studies describe explicit and implicit means of revealing cognitive and linguistic skills. Allusions play a particular role in distributed cognition in language and speech. This research featured the cognitive potential of linguistic allusion in line with the theory of distributed cognition. The authors used the methods of conceptual and contextual analyses to clarify the main research concepts, describe allusion as a cognitive phenomenon, and define its functions. The article covers such issues as the interaction between the speaker and the language within the linguistic eco-system, the concepts of linguistic ecology and ecological linguistics, and the biological approach in linguistics. Allusion appeared to have constitutive and verifying functions. The constitutive function arranged discourse by correlating the information given by the respondent with the additional meanings that occur in the process of communication. The verifying function provided the accuracy of perception. These functions made it possible to use allusion to describe distributed cognition in speech as consisting of three stages: evaluation, correlation, and interaction.

The etiology of cerebral palsy in children with intrauterine hypotrophy at birth and developmental delay is often explained by chronic intrauterine hypoxia. However, children with muscle hypotonia and developmental delay require genetic examination. The aim of this study is to report a case of mitochondrial disease caused by FBXL4 gene mutations and to identify main diagnostic criteria for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes (MDS) in early childhood. Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-13 is associated with FBXL4 gene mutations located in the 6q16.1–q16.27 locus. This disorder was first described in 2013 by P.E. Bonnen and X. Gai independently. MDS are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases inherited by an autosomal recessive type and caused by mutations in genes that support the biogenesis and integrity of mtDNA. Encephalomyopathic mtDNA depletion syndrome-13 (MTDPS13) (OMIM: 615471) is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic mutations in the FBXL4 gene (MIM: 605654) with an estimated prevalence of 1 case per 100,000– 400,000 newborns. The disease onset is usually observed in the neonatal period; 75 % of patients develop symptoms by the age of 3 months. In the majority of cases, mtDNA depletion syndrome-13 manifests itself in the early neonatal period; however, in some patients, the disease onset was registered by the age of 24 months. The disease is characterized by encephalopathy, hypotension, lactic acidosis, severe developmental delay, and changes in the area of basal ganglia revealed by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. FBXL4-related encephalomyopathy is a multisystem disease primarily affecting the central nervous system, heart, and liver. It is characterized by different clinical manifestations such as lactic acidosis, developmental delay, generalized hypotension, nutritional disorders, and growth retardation. Some patients demonstrate specific facial features, including prominent forehead, sinus-shaped folds, thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, epicanthus, short eye slits, hypertelorism, wide and depressed nose bridge, long and smooth labial groove, thin upper lip, and low-set ears. The disease prognosis is extremely poor; most children die before the age of 4 years. Approximately half of the patients suffer from microcephaly and hyperammonemia. The outcome varies; death was reported in 30 % of cases. Mean time to death was 3 years (median – 2 years). The diagnosis is crucial for medical and genetic counseling and possible prenatal diagnosis.

Background and Objectives: The development of resistance of microorganisms to existing antibacterial agents requires constant updating of existing drugs and research in the search for alternative sources of active substances. In recent years, the problem of the emergence of microorganisms resistant to all existing antimicrobial drugs has become systematic and requires significant attention from researchers to search for alternative sources of active substances. The main problem in the development of drugs based on antimicrobial peptides is the search for optimal solutions in the preparation of these substances. Therefore, optimization and search for methods of isolation, analysis and control of protein fractions of water-soluble peptides used for the subsequent development of antibacterial drugs based on them is an urgent task. Materials and Methods: Optimal conditions and methods have been selected for the preparative production of water-soluble peptides isolated from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae. Optimization and search of methods for isolation, analysis and control of protein fractions of these water-soluble peptides will ensure the accuracy of the results and obtain optimal amounts of protein fractions. Results: It has been found that the use of molecular sieves makes it possible to obtain a mixture of three peptides with a difference in chromatographic retention time of less than 1 minute, which has been confirmed by three parallel experiments on the isolation and purification of peptides. During HPLC it has been noted that protein fractions 1 and 2 have similar values and the first and third protein fractions have a smaller difference in retention time, which is why there is no complete separation of these chromatographic peaks. Comparison of the percentage of the area of the peptides obtained allows us to talk about the possibility of obtaining peptides of the same size from H. illucens larvae by HPLC, and in combination with DLS to obtain protein fractions with very similar physicochemical and physical characteristics, since this type of chromatography separates substances according to their size. Conclusion: The use of high-performance liquid chromatography makes it possible to establish the reproducibility of the method of isolation of antimicrobial peptides by cold extraction with water and further stages of protein purification, salting and molecular sieve chromatography, which, in correlation with DLS analysis, makes it possible to reliably identify the peptides obtained, and the developed technology of isolation and purification makes it possible to produce these proteins on an industrial scale at low cost.

Background. Pityriasis amiantacea is a reaction of the skin to various inflammatory diseases (seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, chronic lichen simplex and others) that manifests by thick gray-yellow scaly crusts surrounding the hair. Сrusts are often attached to hair quite firmly and an effort to remove them leads to hair pulling, that in combination with the inflammatory process and secondary infection can sometimes lead to the formation of secondary traumatic cicatricial alopecia or non-scarring alopecia with subsequent hair growth.Objective. The aim is to study and analyze modern scientific data regarding the clinical features and treatment of pityriasis amiantacea, and demonstrate our own clinical observation.Materials and methods. The article discusses current information about pityriasis amiantacea, a rare condition that can be a manifestation of various inflammatory diseases of the scalp. The article discusses in detail the clinical manifestations and variants of the process, and gives a description of the features of primary conditions that can lead to its development. The authors presented their own clinical case of a case of pityriasis amiantacea in a 21-year-old man, which developed as a complication of seborrheic dermatitis and accompanied by alopecia.Conclusion. There is no single approach to the treatment of pityriasis amiantacea; the choice of therapy depends on the underlying disease. Determining the primary disease that caused the development of pityriasis amiantacea is a difficult diagnostic task, since regardless of the etiology, the manifestations of pityriasis amiantacea on the scalp are almost the same. The persistence of the process and the lack of generally accepted approaches to therapy require further research. It seems especially significant due to the fact that long-term existence and the absence of treatment, it can lead to the formation of secondary traumatic cicatricial alopecia.

In this article, the author presents the methodology of organizing and conducting distance Olympiads in Korean as a second foreign language in the process of professional training of foreign language teachers.The purpose of the study is to examine specifics of second foreign language distance Olympiads organization in the context of professional training, main objectives of the Korean language Olympiad (increasing motivation, interest in learning Korean, exposure to Korean culture, etc.), and to analyze the main requirements for distance Olympiad tasks of the first round (tests), and tasks of the second round, which are aimed to identify the level of communication abilities. Interview, testing and observation are used as the main methods of research.Results. The methodology proposed by the author was tested in groups of 3–4 year students of Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University (educational program 6B01703 foreign language: two foreign languages). The article presents analysis of the distance Olympiad’s results, examples of tasks for each round and the main criteria for evaluating the tasks. The requirements to the second foreign language Olympiad tasks implied: possibility of mass coverage of students with Olympiad tasks; compliance of the tasks with the curriculum; time limit; relying on the students’ experience, including their native language skills and abilities; increasing tasks complexity; variety of tasks forms and content, the tasks contents and novelty; problem nature tasks to stimulate students thinking, language guess; using authentic material for the Olympiad tasks; the use of local history and extralinguistic material. The general complexity of the tasks, and difficulties associated with the nature of the linguistic material were also taken into account.Conclusion. According to the results of the experimental work, the author comes to the following conclusion: the leading principle of organizing distance Olympiads assumes that the university faculty will be focused on the timely identification of the future teachers’ interest to the Korean language, their involvement in preparation for the Olympiad, thus forming their interest in Korean culture and language. Olympiad assignments should be creative so that students learn to find their own ways of solving problems and develop self-education skills. Participation in the Olympiad increases students’ learning motivation, broadens their horizons, and develops their ability to express their opinions. The variety of requirements to the work of participants makes the assessment of each member of the jury quite subjective, but the collective nature of the evaluation procedure ensures correctness and objectivity of the final decision, allows participants to familiarize with the results of their work and consider appeals after each round of the Olympiad participants.

The economic policy pursued has turned China into a major trading power. In terms of GDP, the Chinese economy has been the first economy in the world for a number of recent years; China’s rapidly growing trade flows have made it the largest trading partner for many countries. Over the past twenty years there has been rapid growth in exports and imports. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the presence of structural instability in the dynamics of Chinese exports for the period from 2000 to 2020. The hypothesis was confirmed and two periods were identified in the dynamics of exports and imports with different natures of the main development trend: from 2000 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2020. For each stage, trend equations were selected that describe the dynamics of exports and imports and an interval forecast of indexes for 2021 was made. Materials and methods. During the work, dynamic, structural analysis of analytical and statistical information was used; methods of analytical, logical, systemic, correlation and regression analysis were used, as well as analysis of structural changes. The analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program.Results. A change in the value of the import coverage ratio by exports was revealed before and after structural changes in the dynamics of the main foreign economic indexes and an assessment of their statistical significance was given. An analysis of the influence of export dynamics on GDP dynamics was carried out and it was found that before structural changes, the influence of export dynamics on GDP dynamics was statistically insignificant, and after a structural change, export dynamics began to have a direct impact on changes in China’s GDP. Conclusion. Analysis of official statistical data on the main indexes of China’s foreign economic activity for the period from 2000 to 2020 allowed us to note that the volume of Chinese exports increased over the period 2010-2019 from $1.58 trillion in 2010 (10.34% of global exports), to $2.50 trillion in 2019 (12.81% of global exports). In 2019, China continued to rank first in terms of export value among all countries in the world. Despite the challenging year of 2020, China’s exports reached almost 2.6 trillion US dollars and increased by 4% compared to 2019.China also occupies a leading position in the export of high-tech goods - their volume is 731.9 billion US dollars, the share of exports in the global volume is 25%. At the same time, the dynamics of Chinese exports for the period from 2000 to 2020 was heterogeneous and characterized by structural instability. Two stages can be distinguished with different characteristics of the main development trend: from 2000 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2020. Based on this, the authors came to the conclusion that to describe the main trend in the development of export and import dynamics for the period from 2000 to 2008, the exponential model is best suited. To describe the main trend in the development of export and import dynamics in the period from 2009 to 2020 - logarithmic model. A study of the consistency of changes in export and import volumes showed that in the period from 2009 to 2020 was characterized by greater consistency in China’s main foreign trade flows than the period from 2000 to 2008. In the period before the structural change in the dynamics of exports and imports, the coverage ratio varied from 105.7% to 127.6%; in the period after the structural change, the coverage ratio changed from 108.9% to 135.4%.Checking the statistical significance of the differences in the coefficient of coverage of imports by exports before and after the structural change showed that the differences are not statistically significant. In the period from 2000 to 2008 the dynamics of China’s exports did not have a statistically significant impact on the dynamics of the country’s GDP. From 2009 to 2020 after structural changes in the nature of the dynamics of the main indexes of China’s foreign trade, changes in exports began to have a statistically significant impact on the dynamics of GDP. A 1% increase in China’s exports now results in a 0.25% increase in GDP.The practical significance of the paper is determined by the developed methodology for analyzing structural changes in the dynamics of exports and imports, examined using the example of China.

Introduction. Chemotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs effect blood monocytes, which are major contributors to cancer pathogenesis. However, to date, pro-tumor or anti-tumor programming by chemotherapy of monocytes is controversial.Aim. To characterize changes in phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles of monocytes of breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapeutic treatment.Materials and methods. In a cohort of 50 breast cancer patients, monocyte populations were identified based on their expression of CD14, CD16, CD163, and HLA-DR evaluated by flow cytometry before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Bulk RNA sequencing was adopted to explore the transcriptomic profile of CD14+ monocytes before and after treatment. After treatment, we observed an increase in the activity of signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and intracellular transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum, against the background of a decreased response to exposure to interferon γ and interferon α, and foreign molecules (exogenous nucleic acids, viruses and bacteria).Results. In breast cancer patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased in CD14+16+HLA-DR+ monocytes. Under cytostatic treatment, increased gene expression of MGLL, NR4A2, UCK1, YOD1, ABCA2, PAPSS2, ATP10 (log2FoldChange ≥0.8; false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.01) and decreased gene expression of KPNA2, ERCC4, JAGN1, RUBCNL, SMYD4, B3GALT4 (log2FoldChange ≥0.8; FDR ≤0.01) were observed in monocytes of patients. Using discriminant analysis, the relative numbers of CD14+16–, CD14+16+, CD14-16+, CD14+16-HLA-DR+, CD14+16+HLA-DR+ and CD14–16+HLA-DR+ monocytes in the blood were found to be valuable in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion. Thus, association of blood monocytes with chemotherapeutic treatment in breast cancer was revealed.

Introduction. The prevalence of patients with extended ureteral strictures has been steadily increasing over the past decades. When it is not possible to perform reconstruction with the tissues of the urinary system, the best solution is intestinal replacement plasty. However, despite the great world experience, the search for the optimal method of intestinal reconstruction does not stop, which determines the relevance of conducting an experimental prospective study.Objective. To evaluate morphological changes in renal parenchyma after ureteral replacement reconstruction by segments of small and large intestine.Materials & methods. Fifteen white giant rabbits (6-months-old, weighing 5 kg) were divided into three groups. Group A (n = 5) underwent small intestine [ilealplasty] replacement plasty. Group B (n = 5) double-flap ileoplasty using the Yang-Monti technique. Group C (n = 5) – large intestine [coloplasy] ureteral reconstruction. Before the operation and before withdrawal from the experiment, the level of creatinine and electrolytes was assessed, kidney ultrasound was performed on days 2, 5, 10. Excretory urography was performed to assess the patency of the anastomoses. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment from day 10 to 30. The material used for morphological study included kidneys from the operated and intact sides, proximal and distal anastomoses.Results. No increase in creatinine level, metabolic disorders were detected in animals. According to ultrasound data, hydronephrosis developed in all animals on day 2 and remained unchanged during the entire follow-up. Group A: no complications were detected. Histologically, the renal parenchyma showed moderate signs of chronic inflammation, single foci of lymphoid infiltration, but there were no irreversible processes in the form of necrosis and sclerosis. Group B: complications — stricture in the anastomosis area of the detubularised fragments and necrosis of the small intestine due to compression of the mesentery by the graft vascular stem. Histologically there were marked dilatation of the tubules at all levels, enlargement of the Bowman-Shumlansky capsule, as well as signs of moderate inflammatory process, there were hydropic and hyaline-droplet dystrophy, tubular necrosis foci. Group C: complications — accumulation of a significant amount of grit, mucus, and fibrin in the colocystoanastomosis area. Histologically, the renal parenchyma showed a marked inflammatory process, in particular, purulent inflammation with demarcation zones, infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacterial cells, foci of necrosis and sclerosis of both stroma and tubules, dilatation of tubules and Bowman-Schumlansky capsules.Conclusion. The use of an unchanged ileal-graft reconstruction of an extended ureteral defect showed acceptable histological results in an animal model, which confirms the feasibility of its use in clinical practice. The absence of foci of necrosis and fibrosis in the renal parenchyma indicates the preserved functional potential, which suggests the stabilization of renal function in the long term.

Background. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Population-based studies have shown that 25–30 % of patients with colorectal cancer have synchronous liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. despite modern advances in oncology and surgery, only 25 % of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are suitable for liver resection, which is the only curative treatment option for these patients. In recent years, the indications for curative treatment of mCRC have expanded. due to the introduction of new targeted drugs into clinical practice, the tumor response rate to preoperative therapy has increased, thus increasing surgical resection rate. Some patients experience a complete clinical response, which is defined as the complete disappearance of liver metastases. However, 30–70 % of patients develop recurrent metastases in the liver within the first year of follow-up, and currently, even in the presence of complete regression of metastases, it is recommended to perform resection of the initially affected hepatic segments. Case presentation. We describe a case of complete clinical and radiological response of liver metastases after chemotherapy in a patient with sigmoid colon cancer. Molecular genetic analysis revealed the wild type of the Kras, Nras and Braf genes. The patient received 3 courses of preoperative chemotherapy according to the FOLFOxIRI + Cetuximab regimen. Laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection with d3 lymph node dissection was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (12 cycles). After 16 months of follow-up, no evidence of colon cancer recurrence and liver metastasis was found. Conclusion. Current targeted therapy has demonstrated efficacy in treating mCRC with synchronous liver metastases and makes it possible, in selected cases, to avoid the liver resection provided that a complete clinical and radiological response of the metastases is achieved.

Background. The problem of eliminating the surgical soft tissue defect after radical surgical treatment of the epithelial coccygeal tract is relevant. The purpose was to develop and clinically test an original method of radical surgical treatment of epithelial coccygeal cysts, in which vertical polyspast sutures are used to eliminate a postoperative wound. Materials and methods. According to the proposed method, 15 patients were operated on. In the postoperative period, an assessment was made of the average time of intervention, an analysis of the presence of postoperative complications, an assessment of the severity of pain on a visual analogue scale, an average length of hospital stay, and an examination of patients 3-7 months after surgery was carried out. Results. The average intervention time was 21±2 minutes. Complications were not recorded. The severity of pain syndrome ranged from 3.6±0.3 to 0.005±0.005 points, depending on the day of the postoperative period. The average duration of hospitalization was 7±1 days. There were no recurrences of the disease within 3-7 months after the operation. Conclusions. The first experience of applying the proposed operation showed the effectiveness of the technique. Further comparison of the results of the proposed technique with those after the use of traditional surgical interventions seems promising.

Background. Desmoid fibroma is a fibroblastic neoplasm of intermediate biological significance without metastatic potential, but with a tendency to local recurrence and infiltration of surrounding tissues. These tumors are extremely rare (2-4 cases per 1 million people). Information about desmoid fibromatosis is presented in isolated publications. The purpose of the study: to describe a clinical case of desmoid abdominal fibroma in a man of working age, including: identification of the features of the histological picture of the tumor, interpretation of the results of immunohistochemical examination, differential diagnosis with other diseases. Materials and methods. The data of the results of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of abdominal organs, macroscopic and microscopic examination of surgical material in the form of tumors, fragments of the abdominal cavity, omentum and aponeurosis, immunohistochemical examination with the following markers: CD34, CD31, LMO2, Podoplanin, CD68, anti-S100, HMB45, B-Catenin, SMA, Desmin. Results and conclusions. In this study, an analysis of a clinical case of rare abdominal fibroma was presented, and important points for differential diagnosis with other soft tissue neoplasms were identified. Raising awareness on this topic increases the likelihood of timely detection and verification of desmoid fibroma.

The purpose of the study is to establish significance of graphic symbols - semiotic, cognitive and functional characteristics of emoticons and emoji as paralinguistic means of written communication in Spanish political Internet communication. The materials of the study are the publications of Spanish government bodies, political parties and politicians in the official Twitter accounts. The relevance of the study stems from the need to analyze the functional and impact potential of emoticons and emoji as an integral part of modern Spanish political discourse in the Internet and determine their characteristics from the standpoint of theoretical linguistics, discourse theory, semiotics and pragmalinguistics. The paper concludes that the semiotic characteristics of emoji and emoticons as iconic signs and symbols allow them to perform a number of important functions in the discursive Internet communication, for instance, nominative - identifying referents, due to the fact that they are associated with them by physical similarity; syntactic - structuring the punctuation and intonation contour of the message; cognitive - conveying additional conventional meanings implied by the interpretation of the represented objects; communicative - creating an intonation contour and emotional background of the message; influencing - setting the vector of pragmatic interpretation of the message and its empathic component. At the same time, the verbal and non-verbal components of polycode Internet messages are not opposed to each other, but mutually determine the integral perception, representation and interpretation of reality.

Classical reassortment in developing chicken eggs is a well-established technique for obtaining LAIV strains. Naturally generated reassortant vaccine strains are characterized by high reproductive capacity, genetically stable characteristics of temperature sensitivity and cold resistance, which correspond to the characteristics of the MDV involved in crossing with the epidemic virus. Along with antigenic relevance, natural reassortment ensures attenuation of vaccine strains, good reproduction capacity in upper respiratory tract cells and inability to reproduction in the lower respiratory tract. With classical reassortment, the speed and efficiency of obtaining vaccine reassortants largely depend on the properties of epidemic virus, and therefore cannot be stable. The potential of reverse genetics is attractive because it allows to obtain vaccine reassortants quickly and efficiently, reduce the likelihood of spontaneous mutations; however, the vaccine strain is deprived of the advantages of natural selection, in which the most viable clones are selected. This study presents the results of comparatively assessed A(H3N2) LAIVs obtained in parallel by classical reassortment and reverse genetics according to criteria confirming that vaccine strains inherit the necessary properties that guarantee their harmlessness and high reproduction in chicken embryos. Strains for LAIV obtained by both methods retained all attenuating mutations inherited from the MDV, were highly reproductive at the optimal temperature, with temperature sensitivity corresponded to the MDV. However, strains obtained by reverse genetics, was observed to have partial loss of cold resistance in comparison with that of the MDV and classical reassortants. Reduced cold adaptation may negatively affect vaccine effectiveness. It is important that after several additional passages in chicken embryos at low temperature, the cold resistance of the vaccine strain, assembled by reverse genetics, was increased. Credibly that cold resistance is a phenotypic trait, the degree of manifestation of which depends on the temperature conditions of virus multiplication. The selective factor of reduced incubation temperature is missing in reverse genetics. In order for the cold-adapted phenotype to be fully realized, additional passages at low temperature of RG-reassortants are necessary. Thus, the reverse genetics method using plasmid technology allows to effectively prepare reassortant strains for LAIV. An important stage in obtaining vaccine strains using genetic engineering techniques should be the control of their cold-adapted phenotype and its optimization by additional passages at low temperature.

Background. People who previously had COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is an early marker of the development of cardiac pathology. Its early detection is important for the adequate therapy order and dynamic monitoring of patients. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the effect of a recent COVID-19 infection on the left ventricular diastolic function and transmitral blood flow parameters in apparently healthy individuals without clinical and instrumental signs of cardiovascular pathology. The aim of the study. To assess the changes in the diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle, its anatomical parameters and transmitral blood flow parameters in two groups of apparently healthy individuals: those who had and those who had not COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed according to the standard technique and its results were analyzed in 66 examined patients who were recognized as apparently healthy according to the results of regular comprehensive clinical and instrumental studies. The first group included 30 individuals who underwent an echocardiographic study before or during the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not have a coronavirus infection; the second group consisted of 36 people who recovered from COVID-19. The indicators of the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the transmitral blood flow parameters were assessed. The study was approved at a meeting of the Medical Ethics Committee under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Karelia and of Petrozavodsk State University (Minutes No. 47 of 01.11.2023). Results. The frequency of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction did not differ in the first and second groups of patients. Statistically significant differences were recorded in the average flow deceleration time for both early and late filling of the left ventricle in people who had and did not have COVID-19 infection. A change in the phase structure of the transmitral blood flow may be an early manifestation of intracardiac hemodynamic disorders in people who have recovered from COVID-19.

Objective: To study the current epidemiological trends related to PD in children Methods: In 2015-2016, a cross-sectional one-stage study was conducted to examine the PD of children. The body height and weight were determined during the examination program using standardized equipment and accepted methodology. The Body Mass Index (BMI, Quetelet's index) was expressed in kg/m2 , along with SD values (standard deviation) for both height and BMI. We utilized BMI-for-age percentile growth charts. Results: : 9,662 children between the ages of 1 and 17 were assessed, with 49.7% boys and 50.3% girls. The sample was split equally between urban and rural areas, with 50.0% residing in each. The age distribution of the participants was divided into five age groups: 1-2 y/o (14.5%), 3-6 y/o (19.6%), 7-11 y/o (30.7%), 12-14 y/o (19.1%), and 15-17 y/o (16.1%). Of those surveyed, 65.8% had an average height, 19.0% were below average or short, and 15.2% were above average and tall. The height 2SD below and above the mean height for age and gender was found in 3.7% and 2.7% of children, respectively. Most below-average and low height values were found in early and preschool ages. In boys, gender characteristics were associated with more significant variations in heights towards low and high values. Research shows that children residing in urban areas tend to have better physical development than those in rural areas. Conclusion: Data have been gathered on the current PD of children, focusing on age, gender, and geographical factors.

Book Review: Ibero-America: The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national identity. / Konstantinova, Natalia S. (Ed.) Ibero-America: The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national identity. – Moscow: ILA RAS, 2022 (in Russian). – 244 p.

The modern digital economy requires “new finance”. The subject of the study is to clarify their content, and the goal is to develop the author’s view of the term of “finance”. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the need to analyze complex theoretical questions of technological transformation of financial markets and activities of financial intermediaries. The scientific novelty consists of the theoretical contribution of the theory of finance evolution in the digital era. The main research methods are systemic and logical approaches, the method of theoretical cognition, the historical method and the method of scientific abstraction. The results of the study are clarification the essence of finance and applied issues of their use in Russia and abroad. It will contribute to the development of a scientific doctrine of digital assets circulation; will allow to refine the model of the activities of financial intermediaries’ regulation in our country and lay the foundation for the formation of global norms and rules for the development of national and international financial markets of the CIS, the EAEU, the SCO, and BRICS countries. The conclusions of the study are: a) confirmation of the author’s position on the essence of finance. The paper indicates that, in the context of the economy’s digital revolution, the substance of economic categories stays constant, although their forms vary according to innovation, behavioral characteristics, and other factors; b) without rejecting the rational knowledge formed in the Western scientific school, the authors emphasize that the social sciences cannot be global, they have a national character; c) based on the investigation, the author defines “finance” as a distribution category in the development and utilization of financial resources.

In this article, we report a case of CTNNB1 syndrome (CTNNB1-NDD) in a child with cerebral palsy and also provide a literature review on the problem. CTNNB1 syndrome is an exceedingly rare and poorly studied disorder, which makes it particularly interesting due the difficulties associated with its diagnosis and description of the disease phenotype, as well as highly polymorphic clinical manifestations. Verification of the diagnosis is important to determine the prognosis of a child with cerebral palsy and visual impairment, as well as for reproductive planning in the family.

Background and Objectives: Currently, antimicrobial peptides are one of the main sources of alternative antibiotics because they can easily interact with bacterial peptidoglycan by penetrating or dissolving biofilms with minimal side effects. However, from a practical point of view, questions remain open about choosing the optimal method for obtaining and scaling the process of isolating peptides from insect biomass, as well as analyzing drug prototypes. In this regard, the search for methods of analysis and control of protein fractions of water-soluble peptides used for the subsequent development of antibacterial drugs based on them is an urgent task. The aim of this work was to study the protein fractions of water-soluble peptides isolated from Musca domestica larvae by dynamic light scattering. Materials and Methods: The results of the study of fractions of water-soluble peptides from Musca domestica larvae by dynamic light scattering are presented. The selection of optimal methods for the analysis and control of prototypes of antibacterial drugs based on antimicrobial peptides will reduce the time of research and ensure the accuracy of the results obtained. Results: It has been found that all the analyzed peptides have a sufficiently high stability in the aqueous medium which is confirmed by values of the zeta potential from −11.2 mV to −12 mV. The peptides at a concentration of 666 µg/ml with a molecular weight of less than 3.5 kDa, it has been found that their size was in the range of 68–142 nm; with a molecular weight of 3.5–7 kDa – 43–68 nm; with a molecular weight of 7–14 kDa – 43–105 nm; with a molecular weight of more than 14 kDa – 79–190 nm. The use of the dynamic light scattering method for the control and analysis of protein fractions of water-soluble peptides is established. The use of this method will reduce the time of analysis, identify micro-impurities, ensure simplicity of execution and almost complete absence of consumables. Conclusion: Use of dynamic light scattering is justified as a fast method of analyzing the obtained fractions of peptides, establishing the absence of trace impurities. Taking into account the almost complete absence of consumables, reduced analysis time and ease of execution in comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography, this detection method can be successfully used in everyday practice.

Unregulated intersections, according to E.A. Yablokov, are artistic rapprochement of writers not connected to each other biographically. At first glance, the oeuvres of Chekhov and Sholokhov form such an unregulated intersection. However, it is seemingly unregulated, seemingly uncrossed. The article highlights the commonality of writers, who belonged to one ethno-cultural space. The author indicates the consilience of functions of the image of steppe in Chekhov’s short-stories and Sholokhov’s epic novel The Silent Don (Tikhy Don), the similarities and differences when it comes to the writers focus on the Cossacks and related issues. Thus, the comparison of the writers may be both within their typological commonality and genetic succession.

The article discusses the features of strategic development in the regions of the Russian Federation. The main purpose of the study was to study the prerequisites for the formation of the country’s human resources potential. An article are evaluated the potential labor resources. An assessment of potential labor resources is being carried out. The analysis of population indicators in the subjects of the Russian Federation was carried out, age groups of the population were studied, the level of education of people of working age was studied. The indicators of the level of employment and unemployment are analyzed, the level of development of the personnel potential of the regions is revealed. The analysis of regional development strategies is carried out. In the course of the study, the most promising regions of Russia were identified. The vectors for solving the problems of regional development are determined, taking into account the construction of a socially-oriented personnel policy. A model of the effectiveness of the economic development of the region is presented. Reasonable conclusions are made about the need to increase investments in the human resources potential of the regions for the stable development of the country in the long term.

More complex activities, financial reporting, and risk aggregation of banking groups increase the relevance of research on their financial stability. The purpose of our study is to analyze the effectiveness of banking groups’ regulation in the Russian Federation and to develop proposals for its optimization. The scientific novelty includes the identification and proof of the hypothesis of the dependence of the banking groups’ financial stability on the level of the group control, as well as measures to improve the regulation of activities and financial stability of banking groups in Russia. The research methodology is based on a linear model on panel data (fixed effects models, random effects models, and pool models). The empirical base of the study includes data on the 26 largest Russian banking groups and parent credit institutions of banking groups from 2010 to 2020. A hypothesis was put forward that the financial stability of the banking group depends on the effectiveness of the regulatory control within the group. To confirm the hypothesis, the authors assessed the financial stability of banking groups using the Zscore, while the banking groups were divided into two pools depending on the level of regulatory control. As a result, this hypothesis was confirmed. For banking groups with a high level of regulatory control, a model of financial stability and the factors that have the greatest impact on it were identified. The authors suggested the following measures to improve the regulation and financial reporting of the banking groups: 1) to expand the regulatory consolidation of the reporting of banking groups to the level of accounting, which will create the basis for a complete risk assessment; 2) to clearly define approaches to formalizing the assessment and management of the forced financial support risks for the group companies; 3) to unify the disclosure by banking groups of information about risks, methods for their assessment and management, including the relationship with the business model of activity. These measures are aimed at improving the risk management of credit institutions.

The purpose of the study was to identify functional features of circulation monocytes in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer.Material and Methods. The study cohort consisted of 10 breast cancer patients treated at Tomsk Cancer Research Institute. 7 healthy female volunteers were enrolled as a control group. CD14+16-, CD14+16+ and CD14-16+ monocytes subsets were obtained from blood by sorting. Whole transcriptome profling was provided in monocytes from patients and healthy females. Macrophages were differentiated from the obtained monocytes under in vitro conditions. The ability of conditioned media obtained from macrophages to infuence apoptosis and proliferation of MDA-MB 231 cell line was evaluated.Results. Transcriptomic profling revealed signifcant changes in monocytes of breast cancer patients. CD14+16- subset showed higher expression of transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1; chemokines CCR1, CRRL2, CXCR4; maturation and differentiation factors Mafb and Jun; endocytosis mediating factors CD163 and Siglec1; proteases and tetrasponins ADAM9, CD151, CD82, and growth factor HBEGF in patient group. Macrophages derived from monocytes of breast cancer patients produced factors that supported proliferation of the MDA-MB 231 cell line, which was not observed for monocytes from healthy volunteers.Conclusion. Thus, breast carcinoma has a systemic effect on peripheral blood monocytes, programming them to differentiate into macrophages with tumor supporting capacity.

Background. Differential diagnosis of attenuated forms of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can be challenging due to their similarities.Objective. The aim of the study is to create simple diagnostic criteria (DScore) that would allow to differentiate MPS from JIA for earlier MPS diagnosis.Methods. The retrospective multicenter study included analysis of clinical (joint, heart, eye involvement, hearing loss, hernias, psychomotor delay, noisy breathing, posture disorders, macrocephaly, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and growth delay) and laboratory data (ESR, CRP, hemoglobin, WBC, and platelets) from MPS patients (n = 41) and from rheumatoid factor-negative polyarticular category of JIA patients (n = 255). These variables allowed to differentiate both conditions and were used to create DScore.Results. Patients with MPS had younger onset age, male predominance, height and weight delay, lower inflammation markers (WBC, platelets, and ESR), and usually involved joints, especially cervical spine, upper limbs joints, hip, and small foot joints. The prevalence of eye involvement was similar for both diseases, however, the type of involvement was different. JIA patients had uveitis and its’ complications and MPS patients — corneal opacity and cataract. No differences in CRP levels were revealed in most cases. The major diagnostic criterion of MPS was the presence of more than one extra-articular manifestation associated with polyarticular involvement. DScore has included 5 following criteria: ESR ≤ 11 mm/h (38 points), height ≤ -2.0 SD (20 points), onset age of articular manifestations ≤ 1.1 year (24 points), male gender (15 points), and symmetrical limitation of movements in elbow joints (29 points). The sum > 38 points allowed us to differentiate MPS and JIA with sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 91.0%.Conclusion. This DScore can be used for differential diagnosis of mild MPS and JIA alongside with routine diagnostic procedures. DScore allows us to identify a group of patients with joint involvement who require MPS exclusion.

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are an important part of innate immunity involved in antimicrobial phagocyte functions such as chemotaxis, secretory degranulation, and respiratory burst. These phagocyte responses are observed in both acute and systemic chronic inflammation. Abundant or constant release of pro-inflammatory ligands leads to the pre-activation of phagocytes when subsequent stimulation induces more intense cellular response. Binding of the formyl peptide receptor with its agonist activates production of reactive oxygen species, due to triggering phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic subunits p47phox and p67phox followed by their translocation to the plasma membrane and assembly into the NADPH oxidase complex. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by an imbalance of immune processes and autoimmune responses against the own joint tissues. It is known that, granulocytes produce increased amounts of oxygen radicals in various pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis. We suggest that such enhancement may be due to increased expression of formyl peptide receptors or components of the FPR/PKC/NOX2 signaling pathway. Our aim was to study the mRNA expression of fpr1/fpr2 genes and the FPR-dependent production of reactive oxygen species by isolated peripheral blood granulocytes from the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were isolated peripheral blood granulocytes. We analyzed, respectively, 166 and 85 samples from the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy donors. The production of reactive oxygen species was assessed using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. For FPR1 activation we used a distinct concentration of the formyl peptide fMLF: the response to it was completely inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with FPR1 antagonist N-t-boc-MLF. FPR2 activation was performed by synthetic peptide WKYMVM, a specific receptor agonist. In the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we have revealed an increased level of spontaneous and phorbol ester-induced production of reactive oxygen species by isolated peripheral blood granulocytes, thus reflecting a pre-activated state of the phagocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. We have found the increased FPR1-mediated production of oxygen radicals and expression of mRNA of fpr1 gene in blood granulocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Furthermore, the enhancement of oxidase function may be associated with constitutive activation of the FPR1/PKC/NOX2 pathway as shown by positive correlation between the processes. The production of reactive oxygen species induced by stimulation of the FPR2 receptor is also increased, but it cannot be directly attributed to overexpression of the receptor mRNA or PKC/NOX2 activation, and requires further study. Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of the FPR1 and FPR2 signaling cascades may reveal new targets for anti-rheumatoid therapy.

This article presents modern data on epidemiology, etiology, and clinical manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I in children. MPS develops due to deficiency of particular lysosomal enzyme which determines the disease type. The article considers in details disease's pathogenesis and classification. Evidence-based approaches to diagnosis (differential diagnosis included) are covered, moreover, special attention is paid to pathogenetic, symptomatic, and surgical treatment of MPS.

The basis of the trilogy about Vitalin by A. A. Grigoriev is the diary entries of the autobiographical character. The writer consciously refers to this form of narration, since it allows the most complete disclosure of the inner world of the protagonist, conveying his thoughts, feelings, emotions, showing the complexity and inconsistency of his nature. Thanks to fragments of the diaries, the themes of the stories expand: from love experiences to philosophical reflections, reflections on the truth, the meaning of life, and the search for happiness. The protagonist’s diary also influences the chronotope of stories, expanding the space and time of the narrative, introducing a life background, background of events into the work, and at the same time enriching our understanding of the character. The author of the article briefly dwells on the autobiographical elements in the life of Arseny Vitalin, notes his resemblance to the character of the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov — Pechorin. Special attention is paid to the genre originality of Grigoriev’s works, their simultaneous isolation and inclusion in the cycle, trilogy. Besides the article discusses the diary fragment “The Dreamer’s Diary” and its meaning in the text. Psychologically convincingly, the author shows that Vitalin, immersed in love experiences, but unable to share his thoughts with someone close to him, finds an outlet for his pent-up feelings in keeping a diary, on the pages of which he gives free rein to his feelings and actions.

The objective: to determine possibility of prescribing and safety of various anti-tuberculosis drugs and their combinations as part of a therapeutic or preventive course of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATBT) in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis replacement therapy in the settings with high prevalence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. 42 patients receiving hemodialysis replacement therapy were followed-up by Central Tuberculosis Research Institute: of them, 31 (73.8%) had active tuberculosis and 11 (26.2%) had residual post-tuberculous changes in the respiratory organs. During the follow-up, the nature and severity of adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs were assessed.Results. In the patients with end-stage CKD suffering from respiratory tuberculosis, drug resistant strains prevailed – 68.2%. Some of adverse events developed when taking anti-tuberculosis drugs were as follows: deterioration of uremia in 20.5% of cases, cardiovascular complications – in 17.9%, and neurotoxic reactions – in 15.4%. Progression of uremia occurred more often in the followed-up patients taking anti-tuberculosis drugs versus hepatotoxic reactions (p = 0.02). When treating tuberculosis patients with end-stage CKD, isoniazid was discontinued due to adverse events in 12.8% of cases and pyrazinamide in 12.8% of cases, other drugs were discontinued less frequently. Compilation of individual regimens of anti-tuberculosis drugs with the consideration of drug susceptibility testing results, contraindications, and concomitant diseases made it possible to provide an adequate anti-tuberculosis therapy for patients with end-stage CKD with tuberculosis infection in 92.9% of cases for a period of more than 6 months.

Background Conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine scintigraphy are the imaging techniques currently in use for the evaluation of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DN) with computed tomography being not commonly employed even for cases complicated by chronic osteomyelitis. The objective was to explore MSCT-semiotics of anatomical and radiomorphological changes in foot bones in patients with DN complicated by chronic osteomyelitis (CO) to determine most common manifestations of CO in diabetic foot. Material and methods Single-centre retrospective study. A series of cases. Preoperative radiological findings, MSCT (multislice computed tomography) were examined in 14 patients with DN complicated by chronic osteomyelitis. Results The patients showed impaired structure of the cancellous bone of various severity depending on the nature and localization of foot bone destruction. Overall bone density was higher in cancellous bone of the distal tibia, talus, calcaneus with the local density ranging within significant limits and was maximum at some points of the subchondral tibia and talus and minimum in the intertrabecular areas of the calcaneus and the distal tibia. MSCT scans showed medial calcinosis of the arteries in 5 (35.7 %) from 14 patients. Conclusion MSCT as one of the most objective method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the bone is practical for identifying anatomical and topographic relationships of the foot bones and the ankle joint to facilitate reconstructions in three planes and VRT, which is important for assessing the foot in patients with DN complicated by chronic osteomyelitis. The technique allows measurement of the foot bone density in Hounsfield units determining the severity of osteoporosis, the extent of architectonics impairment to facilitate preoperative planning.

A great share of workers employed at polymetallic ores mining have to face harmful working conditions at their workplaces. To provide safe working conditions for them and to preserve their health is a vital task occupational medicine has to tackle. Polymetallic ore mining enterprises employ certain common technological processes; nevertheless, there are specific features depending on ore mining techniques and the mineralogical composition of different ores. These features determine differences both in working conditions and in occupational risks of developing occupational morbidity (OM) and work-related morbidity (WRM). By now, there have been enough studies on peculiarities of occupational health risks for workers employed at sulfide ore mines, copper-nickel ore mines and ferruginous quartzite mines. Considerably less attention has been given to assessing occupational risks for workers dealing with mining and processing copper-zinc ores. We performed complex clinical and hygienic examinations at a major copper-zinc ore mining enterprise located in the Southern Urals. The research results gave grounds for determining a category of working conditions, establishing formation peculiarities and the structure of occupational and work-related diseases among workers from various occupational groups. Occupational risks were assessed considering hygienic and medical-biological indicators. We established the highest occupational health risks for shaft sinkers, followed by drilling unit operators, timberers, excavator drivers, load haul dumper (LHD) operators and underground self-propelled machine (USPM) operators. The research results gave grounds for developing a conceptual model of assessing and managing occupational risks in the branch. The urgency of developing and implementing activities aimed at risk mitigation should be determined depending on how validated a risk is and on its rates established for specific occupational groups.

The paper summarizes the results of the authors of the study on the impact of the established tariffs within the marketing activities of the dominant market subject to the level of competition in the region. Studies have shown that marketing actions (including as a tool for retaining existing and attracting new subscribers) made regional operator of information-communication services is the dominant subject in the target market did not lead to a restriction of competition in the region.

This article considers the basic techniques for creating television works (videoshooting, lighting, edit- ing), allowing to form the virtual space and virtual time through television text.

Introduction. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common gynecological cancer with the worst prognosis and highest mortality rate. The progression of OC can be accompanied by the detrimental functions of the components of the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).The purpose of the study to analyze distribution and morphological phenotype of TAMs in tumor tissue of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).Material and methods. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections were obtained from ovarian cancer patients after tumor resection. The protein expression of general macrophage marker CD68 and M2-like markers CD206, CD163 and stabilin-1, belonging to scavenger receptors, was analysed by immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissue. Histological assessment of TAM distribution was performed by pathologist. Immunofluorescent analysis/confocal microscopy was applied to establish the co-expression of CD68 with the main macrophage scavenger receptors.Results. We were able to find giant CD 68-positive macrophages with foamy cytoplasm in ovarian tumor tissue. The accumulation of these tams was specific only for patients with advanced stage (IIIC and IV stages). The presence of foamlike tams had a statistical tendency to be associated with ovarian cancer progression, including metastasis and recurrence. The distribution of stabilin-1-positive macrophages was matched to CD68 expression in almost all cases, as was shown by IHC. Confocal microscopy confirmed that stabilin-1 was expressed in at least 50 % of giant tams. If analysis of tumor samples also demonstrated co-expression of other scavenger receptors, CD163 and CD36, in foam-like cells. Similar to IHC, in most samples the expression of CD206 in tams of foam-like morphology was limited.Conclusion. For the first time we demonstrated the accumulation of giant macrophages with fluffy foam cytoplasm in the tumor tissue of treated patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Such macrophages express diverse scavenger receptors (stabilin-1, CD163, CD 36), thus indicating a high clearance activity of giant TAMs.

The article presents an overview of domestic research devoted to the development of students’ emotional intelligence by means of art technologies. The relevance of the problem of developing emotional intelligence in modern students is determined by the objectives of higher education. Despite the serious experience gained in Russia in the use of art in teaching and personal education, the active penetration of art technologies into the education system began to occur relatively recently, which explains the time frame of the review study – 2019–2021. The analysis was performed in December 2021 using the national bibliographic database of scientific citation. The research was conducted using such combinations of keywords as “emotional intelligence”, “development of emotional intelligence of students”, “art therapy”, “pedagogical art therapy”, “art technology”, “art therapy at the university” in Russian for the period of 2019–2021. Out of 902 publications devoted to art therapy, the problem of using art technologies in higher education, the development of emotional intelligence through art technologies, the authors selected 49 publications. The analysis of the selected publications showed that the problem of the development of emotional intelligence arouses increased interest among researchers. However, the development of emotional intelligence in students is not a priority. In the system of professional education, the topic of emotional intelligence is not given enough attention, which is unacceptable and does not meet the requirements for the level of training of modern specialists. In recent studies, the possibilities of using art technologies in the development of students’ emotional intelligence have not been sufficiently disclosed. There is a need for further development of a program for the development of students’ emotional intelligence, presentation and description of art therapy techniques and techniques, their place and role in the development of emotional intelligence. Undoubtedly, building up the evidence base and substantiating methods for verifying the effectiveness of various art technologies will be a promising direction.

Introduction It is known that the density of the cortical plate of long bones in patients with chronic osteomyelitis changes throughout its extension. However, the nature of structural disorders in the cortical layer outside the inflammation zone has not been studied well. Purpose To study the structural features of the cortical plate of the femur and tibia outside the focus of inflammation to identify microcavities and microabscesses. Material and methods The study is retrospective conducted at one center. Evidence level IV. In 92 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of long bones of the lower extremities, using polypositional radiography and multislice computed tomography (MSCT), the features of radiological morphology of the femur and tibia were studied in order to reveal structural features of the cortical plate and identify microcavities. Results The cause of osteomyelitis in 5 cases was a consequence of hematogenous osteomyelitis, and in 87 cases it developed due to trauma or surgery. The most common location of chronic osteomyelitis was the distal femur and tibia. Anatomical changes in the femur and tibia in all patients had individual differences. Radiological morphological manifestations such as local and general osteoporosis, foci of osteosclerosis, architectonic disorders occurred in all patients. However, the severity of changes in the bone structure was extremely diverse, including the changes in bone density. Conclusion The data obtained indicate that radiological morphological changes in the cortical plate outside the zone of destruction are manifested by formation of microcavities and microabscesses in 15.6 % of patients, what plays an important role in possible recurrence of osteomyelitis.

Introduction It is known that the function and structure of the muscles of the thigh and lower leg are closely related to the function of the lower limb, which is impaired to one degree or another in all patients with chronic osteomyelitis. However, the nature of structural changes in the muscles, which, in turn, affect the condition of the bones, has not been well studied. Purpose of the work To study the features of changes in the muscles of the thigh and lower leg in patients with chronic osteomyelitis according to MSCT data. Material and methods The study is retrospective conducted at a single centre of Evidence level IV. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was used in 112 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of long bones of the lower extremities to study the radiological morphology of the muscles of the thigh and lower leg, including density, muscle belly area, and anatomical features. Twenty patients had chronic osteomyelitis in the area of transosseous elements (pins). The mean age of the patients was 48.5 ± 9.8 years. Males prevailed among the patients (87.5 %). The cause of osteomyelitis in 107 cases was trauma or surgery, five patients had consequences of hematogenous osteomyelitis. Results The results of the study showed that the muscles of the thigh and lower leg in patients with chronic osteomyelitis have pronounced dystrophic changes. In 89.4 % of patients, they were manifested by an increase in the density of the anterior tibial muscle, long extensor of the toes (84.7 %), peroneal muscles (78.5 %) and a decrease in the density of the head of the gastrocnemius muscle (91.3 %). In 10.6 % of the patients, there was a decrease in the density of the anterior tibial muscle, the long extensor of the fingers. In all patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the femur, the density of the muscles of the anterior and posterior groups was reduced, except for the musculus vastus intermedius of the thigh that was characterized by fibrotic changes with an increase in density. Conclusion The data obtained indicate that radiological morphological changes in muscles occur in all patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the femur and lower leg. The most pronounced alterations in the architectonics were in the anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles, and the intermediate broad muscle of the thigh.

Introduction Literature data and analysis of our own material indicate a change in the density of the long bone cortical plate in patients with chronic osteomyelitis along its extension; however, the nature and degree of structural disorders of the cortical layer beyond the inflammation zone is an unexplored area of radiomorphology. Objective To study the structural features of the cortical plate of the femur and tibia outside the inflammation nidus and the change in its structure in the form of trabecularization. Material and methods The study is retrospective single-center work of level of evidence IV. In 86 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the long bones of the lower extremities, using polypositional radiography and multislice computed tomography (MSCT), the features of radiological morphology of the femur and tibia were studied in order to identify structural features and quantify the density of the cortical plate and its trabecularization. Results The cause of the inflammatory process in the bone in 83 cases was trauma or surgery, and consequences of hematogenous osteomyelitis in three cases. The most common location of chronic osteomyelitis was the distal femur (24) and tibia (25) bones. Due to long-term disease, nonunion or a bone defect developed in 11 patients. Analysis of MSCT data in 86 patients with chronic osteomyelitis showed that anatomical changes in the femur and tibia and the density characteristics of the cortical plate near the focus of destruction were manifested in 79.5 % of patients with a decrease in the thickness of the cortical plate (up to 2 mm) with complete trabecularization in separate areas with density from 290 to 360HU in 47.7 % of the examined. Conclusion Radiological morphological changes in the cortical plate of the femur and tibia in patients with chronic osteomyelitis near the focus of destruction were characterized by a decrease in the thickness and density of the cortical plate, accompanied by its complete or partial trabecularization with a density not exceeding 315.5 ± 38.6 Hounsfield units (HU) in 41 ( 47.7 %) of 86 patients.

The author examines the concept of security, financial security of a person, problems and trends in lending, mortgage housing loans and car loans to individuals. The analysis of the dynamics of various types of lending, overdue debt, the number of operating credit institutions, interest rates and their relationship with debt on mortgage loans is given. Satisfaction of individuals with the current financial situation and changing risks for the financial security of a person are investigated. The main directions of improving the protection of the individual in this segment, the conditions for improving the protection of the borrower, and ensuring the personal safety of citizens are proposed.

The article presents an analysis of the current state of scientific research of the concept ofpersonnel security. The definitions of both Russian and foreign authors are grouped in terms offour approaches: as a process ofprevention of negative impacts on security; as an element of economic security; as a state of security; as a set of different management functions. The author's definition of the considered category is offered, factors are revealed, the main purpose, tasks are formulated, threats and risks of personnel security of the state are defined. In addition, the allocated levels ofpersonnel securityfrom the point of view of degree scale (area) and also from the point of view of the scale of the objectives, timelines and implementation.

Chekhov’s oeuvre is “the text of culture” which broadcasts meanings outside literature to the other kinds of arts. An artist, who perceives and conceives it, may find himself or herself in the milieu of different time and space. However, his or her vision and perception of Chekhov’s personality and works enrich both his/her own world of arts, the world of arts in general, and the understanding of Chekhov’s oeuvre and legacy. Artists of the Don and Azov Region, who come from the same part of the country as the great writer, react to the writer’s destiny and works in much more vivid way, creating some kind of the “Chekhovian text” in the fine arts of the region. Originality of artistic searches, specific features of artists’ manner and style, profoundly expressed focus of their creative efforts on Chekhov’s works and life, and allusions to writer’s works condition the selection of samples of the fine arts Chekhoviana in the Don and Sea of Azov Region. A sculptural portrait of A.P. Chekhov by S.N. Oleshnya illustrates the perception of the writer by his contemporaries: a combination of cheerfulness, love for life, humour, and sadness. A work by V.A. Kozin entitled Chekhov is a sample of Vector graphic art and depicts the writer as a “common man”, stressing the idea by a slightly changed Chekhov’s phrase given at the bottom of the sheet. A sculptural portrait of A.P. Chekhov by A.A. Sknarin, a sculptor, and Yu.D. Dvornikov, an architect, depicts Anton Pavlovich both as a genius writer and a great public figure and enlightener, who enlarged and enriched the stocks of a city public library in Taganrog with a great number of books. At the same time, the monument turned out to be harmoniously “inside” the Pushkin plot of Rostov-on-Don. The Monument to A.P. Chekhov “The Cherry Orchard” by D.V. Lyndin in Taganrog is a sample of site-specific and environmental art – the genre urban sculpture. A stage set study for the Chekhov’s play The Cherry Orchard by A.A. Mytnikov and a study-scale landscape by M.P. Volodina entitled The Cherry Orchard differently, but, at the same time, in Chekhov’s way convey the sense of the play. The fine arts Chekhoviana of the region is an independent and original phenomenon.

The aim. To determine the degree of increased operative risk in the group of patients with a combination of aortic aneurysms and coronary artery disease compared with those with isolated aortic aneurysms. Materials and methods. In the period from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2021 at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, 820 patients with aortic aneurysm, including 172 (20.9%) patients with concomitant aortic and coronary artery disease, underwent surgical treatment. Diagnosis was based on standard examination methods such as electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, coronary angiography, and computed tomography without coronary angiography in cases of aortic dissection. In patients with aortic dissection and coronary artery disease, the extent of the lesion was examined mainly by CT diagnosis and Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) scale due to contraindications to coronary angiography. Results.Thetotalnumberofcomplicationswas26(15.1%)cases.Cerebrovasculardisorderswereobservedin4(2.3%) cases, 3 of which regressed in the postoperative period; in all 4 (2.3%) cases there was a history of acute cerebrovascular disorders. Spinal cord ischemia was observed in 2 (1.2%) cases. Multiple organ failure occurred in the postoperative period in 6 (3.5%) patients, renal failure in 4 (2.3%) patients. Respiratory failure was found in 3 (1.7%) patients. Septic shock occurred in 1 (0.6%) patient. Increased exudation was present in 6 (3.5%) cases requiring rethoracotomy. There were 7 (4.0%) in-hospital deaths, 3 (9.3%) in the acute dissection group and 4 (2.9%) in the aortic aneurysm group without stratification. The distribution of patients by lethal complications was as follows: 1 (14.3%) patient had acute cerebrovascular accident, 1 (14.3%) had septic shock and 1 (14.3%) had acute renal failure. In more than 50% of cases, the cause of death was multiple organ failure (4 [57%] patients). Conclusions. Concomitant lesions of arteries with aortic aneurysms are associated with higher rates of postoperative complications and mortality. In the group of patients with aortic dissection combined with coronary artery disease, there was longer duration of surgery, duration of artificial circulation and aortic compression due to the high initial severity of condition in such patients and greater complexity and volume of surgery. Hospital mortality in the group of aortic aneurysms combined with coronary artery lesions was almost 3 times higher than that in the group of isolated aortic aneurysms (4% and 1.5%, respectively).

The objective of the study: to evaluate and compare the predictors of effectiveness of navigation bronchobiopsy – radial endobronchial ultrasound with mini probes (rEBUS) in patients with peripheral pulmonary tumors of tuberculosis and oncological origin.Subjects and Methods. The effectiveness of rEBUS-guided bronchoscopic biopsies and predictors of this effectiveness were retrospectively analyzed in 152 patients (71 men and 81 women) with pulmonary tumors visualized by chest computed tomography (CT) as peripheral lung masses. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the verified diagnoses: TB Group included 83 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis without bacterial excretion at the time of bronchological examination; NEO Group included 69 patients with pulmonary neoplasms.In all patients of both groups, a bronchological examination was performed for diagnostic purposes and included several types of biopsies (a set of biopsies): at least one of the liquid biopsies (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or bronchial lavage) and one tissue biopsy (transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) or brush biopsy). Specimens of all types of bronchobiopsy were sent for microbiological and cytological tests, and the TBLB samples were additionally sent for histological examination.Results. The efficiency of diagnosing bronchobiopsy with rEBUS navigation in TB and NEO Groups was comparable – 81.9% (68/83) and 81.2% (56/69) (pχ2 > 0.05), respectively. The factors (predictors) that statistically significantly influenced on effectiveness of bronchobiopsy in both groups were the following: signs of draining bronchus on chest CT, visualization of the mass in general during rEBUS, central position of the ultrasound probe in the mass during navigation, localization of the mass in the upper lobe of the right lung versus the lower lobe (summarized in two groups).Additionally for TB Group, the predictor was the size of the mass exceeding 20 mm.The effectiveness of cytological and histological verification in NEO Group with brush biopsy and TBLB samples significantly surpassed the effectiveness in TB Group, but the microbiological diagnosis of M. tuberculosis in BAL/bronchial lavage specimens increased the effectiveness in TB Group and made it comparable to NEO Group.

The article presents the analysis of migration flows in the Russian Federation, determines their impact on the level ofpersonnel security of the state. The directions of state regulation of the labor market (reduction of tension, achievement of maximum employment, implementation of state programs, international cooperation), as well as factors that have a direct and indirect impact on the level ofpersonnel security of the state and the necessary conditions for its evaluation are outlined. The complex criterion of an estimation of level ofpersonnel safety of the state on the basis of coefficients ofweight and expert estimations is offered.

A wide variety of zoonotic viruses that can cross the interspecies barrier promote the emergence of new, potentially pandemic viruses in the human population that is often accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Among the various reasons underlying this phenomenon is the strengthening of herd immunity by expanding the immune layer of population and improving means and methods of medical care. However, natura abhorret vacuum, and new pathogens come to replace disappearing ones. Over the past ten years, humanity has faced two pandemics: swine flu A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009 and COVID-19 in 2019, providing scientists with a unique opportunity to learn more about a relationship between respiratory viruses and their pathogenesis. Together with viruses of pandemic significance, a large number of seasonal respiratory viruses circulate, which contribute to the structure of human morbidity, and coinfections aggravate the condition of the illness. In the conditions of the spread of new viruses with unexplored characteristics, in the absence of means of prevention and therapy, it is especially important to prevent the aggravation of morbidity due to mixed infections. Here we review the mutual involvement of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and seasonal respiratory viruses in the epidemic process, discuss some issues related to their spread, potential causes affecting the spread and severity of the morbidity. The given facts testify to the existence of seasonality and temporal patterns of the beginning and end of respiratory viruses circulation. Interestingly, the beginning of circulation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus led to a shift in the timing and intensity of circulation of some respiratory viruses, which is probably caused by existence of “replication conflicts” between them, and did not affect others. Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2-19 and other respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses, was quite often observed. At the current stage, no aggravating effect of influenza on the course of COVID-19 in mixed infection has been established. Whether this is due to the mild course of influenza infection in the 2020 epidemic season, or the competitive impact of SARS-CoV-2 on influenza viruses is not yet clear. Experts are still at the stage of accumulating facts and working on creating means of effective prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.

A marker of the epidemic significance of Vibrio cholerae is their toxigenicity. Therefore, much attention is currently paid to the creation of diagnostic preparations for the detection of cholera toxin and assessment of the level of its production. The volumetric immunosuspension agglomeration reaction, carried out with the help of latex diagnosticums, is an analogue of the indirect hemagglutination reaction, an affordable and technically simple method, since it does not require special equipment and can be used when conducting research in the field. The aim of the study was to design a polymeric immunoglobulin diagnosticum for determining cholera toxin and the level of its production by vibrio strains. Materials and methods. Cholera toxin was obtained from the producer strain Vibrio cholerae Classical 569 B. Rabbit serum to the toxin was obtained according to the method selected by the authors. A polymeric diagnostic immunoglobulin antitoxic drug was obtained through sensitizing immunoglobulins from cholera antitoxic rabbit serum on the surface of polyacrolein microspheres with a size of (1±0.1) μm. Results and discussion. The analytical sensitivity of the developed diagnostic preparation with control cholera toxin is 100 ng/ml. It detects cholera toxin in toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae in a titer of 1:16 – 1:512, gives negative results with non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1, V. Cholerae nonO1/nonO139, with samples of heterologous cultures, LPS preparations, liquid nutrient medium used for the cultivation of V. cholerae. Thus, a polymeric immunoglobulin diagnosticum has been constructed to detect and quantify the production of cholera toxin by vibrio strains, and its analytical sensitivity and specificity have been established.

Neutropenia is the most common hematologic toxicity of chemotherapy. Severe and prolonged neutropenia can cause treatment delay and dose reduction. Clinical studies indicate that reducing the relative dose intensity of regimens harms treatment outcomes, especially in breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. Therefore, screening of patients at high risk of neutropenia that limits planned chemotherapy is of practical importance. Unfortunately, most clinical studies indicate only the incidence of myelotoxicity with each chemotherapy regimen, and only a few have analyzed the potential risks associated with this complication. That is significant importance in highly chemotherapy-sensitive malignancies. Such patients often receive dose intense and dose dens chemotherapy. The risk of severe neutropenia in such patients and failure to adhere to planned chemotherapy may reduce the chances of cure. Currently, there is no consensus among oncologists on the management strategy for patients with neutropenia limiting chemotherapy. This topic is a worldwide discussion. The article presents scientific evidence and clinical studies dedicated to this problem. A general analysis of clinical data and experience of oncologists will allow the medical community to develop approaches to prevent this complication.