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We propose a new method of preventing infectious and inflammatory complications of mandibular fractures crossing the dental arch. The method was based on regional lymphotropic administration of antibacterial drugs to the mastoid region of the temporal bone. This technique was applied in combined therapy of 51 patients. Comparative analysis with the control group revealed high efficacy of the given method. Basing upon clinical experience we worked out indications to the regional lymphotropic antibacterial therapy as a part of complex prophylaxis of posttraumatic mandible osteomyelitis.

The results of bacteriological monitoring in intensive care units of ICVS AMS of Ukraine, specializing on the treatment of patients after conduction of operation on "open heart", were analyzed. In 1998-2001 yrs the S. Epidermidis and Enterobacter strains had constituted the most frequent causes of septic state in patients. Experience of application of different antibacterial preparations was summarized, the main principles of their administration were formulated. Modern approaches to the treatment and prophylaxis of purulent-septic complications were depicted.

Since social and economic changes in Latvia in 1991 the incidence of salmonellosis dramatically increased: more than 500 pediatric cases are registered every year. Specification of the properties of the Salmonella strains isolated in Latvia was undertaken. The study demonstrated that acute salmonellosis in pediatric inpatients was mainly due to S.typhimurium (78 per cent) and only in 22 per cent of the patients it was due to S.enteritidis. All the S.typhimurium isolates showed high antibiotic resistance defined by specific extended spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-5).

The conformations of H-Lys-Asp-OH and H-Glu-Lys-OH cyclic dipeptides were subjected to theoretical analysis by the method of atom-atom potentials with flexible geometry. Constants of spin-spin coupling of vicinal protons were calculated for the theoretical conformers of both dipeptides. CD and NMR spectra were measured for both peptides synthesized, and the calculated and experimental values of spin-spin coupling constants were compared. These coincided well for the dipeptide containing Asp residue, and we concluded that it exists in solution as one conformer. For the Glu-containing dipeptide, the existence of minor conformers, which increase the difference between experimental and theoretical spin-spin coupling constants, was shown to be possible.

The efficacy of combinations of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) with betalactams (ampicillin, azlocillin and cefotaxime), aminoglycosides (amikacin) and rifampicin was studied on albino mice infected subcutaneously with plague. The drugs were used in deliberately ineffective or insufficiently effective doses. Synergism was observes with the use of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in combinations with amikacin, cefotaxime or rifampicin. The combinations of ciprofloxacin with ampicillin or azlocillin had no synergistic action though the therapeutic effect was not lower. With using the specifically determined doses the efficacy of the combinations could be increased by comparison with that of the drugs used alone.

The influence of aminoglycosides (gentamicin, sisomicin and amikacin), cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefazolin) and semisynthetic penicillins (ampicillin and azlocillin) on the vital activity of macrophage-absorbed plague microbe was studied in a model of peritoneal macrophages of albino mice. It was shown that the aminoglycosides and betalactams added to the medium for the cultivation of the macrophages with the absorbed cells of the plaque microbe lowered the intensity of the plague microbe multiplication and promoted the phagocytosis completion when exposed for a prolonged time (24 hours). When the influence was body-mediated (albino mice), even a single administration of the antibiotics was sufficient to retard the vital activity of the macrophage-absorbed plague microbe during the first 6 hours of the observation period. It was also shown that the aminoglycosides were more active than the betalactams.

The structure of the causative agents isolated from patients with pyoinflammatory infections in 1980-1983 was analysed. It was shown that the surgical and urological infections were mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria. The other pyoinflammatory infections were mainly due to gram-positive cocci. A relatively high frequency of the strains of gram-negative bacteria, especially among Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp., resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, sisomycin and tobramycin with preserved sensitivity to amikacin and netilmicin in the majority of the strains was shown. Among the beta-lactam antibiotics cephotaxim and cephalotin were most active against gram-negative bacteria and staphylococci, respectively. The majority of the antibiotic resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria had analogous structures and levels of resistance to 7-12 antibiotics which might indicate the occurrence of 1-2 resistance plasmids among the clinical strains.

The procedure for isolation of acylases from the fermentation broth filtrates of 3 actinomycetous cultures was developed with a yield of 72-97 per cent and 11-19- fold purification of the preparations. Comparative study of substrate specificity of acylase preparations showed that all of them possessed 2 types of the activity, i.e. penicillin acylase and aminoacylase cones. It was found that phenoxymethylpenicillin and acetylamino acids were the preferable substrates for revealing the hydrolytic activity of the acylases among beta-lactam antibiotics and acyl derivatives of amino acids, respectively.

Sensitivity of 56 streptococcal strains of group B to 12 antibiotics was studied with the method of dilution in a special solid medium for cultivation of streptococci and with the method of agar diffusion in the same medium. All the strains were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol, ristomycin and erythromycin. The predominating majority of the strains were sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics and lincomycin. All the strains were resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and gentamicin. More than 85 per cent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. Strains with multiple resistance to 2-7 antibiotics were detected. Satisfactory correlation between the two methods was observed. It was shown to be clinically advisable to determine the sensitivity of streptococci of group B to beta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin and lincomycin.

Principles of detecting organisms producing beta-lactamase inhibitors among soil actinomycetes were developed. For detecting such cultures it was recommended to use the Gauze agarized medium No. 1 supplemented with beta-lactam antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin proved to be the most efficient. Various liquid fermentation media for detecting the inhibitory activity of soil actinomycetes were compared. Two media were the most favourable i.e. the glucose-yeast medium No. 18/3 and the soybean-glucose medium with Na2SO4 and CoCl2 No. 20/3. The use of test cultures with relatively low resistance to benzylpenicillin was shown expedient in screening cultures producing beta-lactamase inhibitors. Test cultures with high resistance should be used in more detailed characterization of the selected cultures.

Intergeneric crossing of the actinomycetes Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum and Streptomyces coelicolor yielded recombinants which were mostly nonviable and unstable despite a relatively high frequency (10(-2)-10(-4)) at which their colonies appeared. The rare viable and stable recombinants were prototrophs. The structure of antibiotics in the hybrid cell may be modified as follows from the differences in the antibiotic activity of the LIA-973 hybrid and the parent strains.