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The article discusses the prerequisites for the emergence of learned helplessness in adolescents, offers psychological and pedagogical technologies for its study and prevention. Diagnostic and preventive programs are based on the selected components of learned helplessness: motivational, cognitive, and emotional. The article presents the materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of teenagers in grades 5-6 in the number of 66 students who had a state of learned helplessness. The criteria and indicators for assigning children to a risk group based on the state of learned helplessness were marker words in the speech of a schoolchild. We used the author's questionnaire, the questionnaire “Motivation for success and fear of failure” by A.A. Rean, “Method of research of self-esteem and the level of claims” by Dembo-Rubinstein, the projective test “Nonexistent animal”, “Phillips school anxiety Test”, “Maddy's resilience Test” (adaptation by D.A. Leontiev), “Torrence creativity Test”. The study revealed the characteristics of adolescents with the phenomenon of “learned helplessness”. To overcome the conditions of learned helplessness in this category of students, the “Path to Success” program was developed and tested, recommendations were made to teachers on leveling the manifestations of learned helplessness in adolescents. To prevent and overcome the syndrome of learned helplessness, create emotional well-being of adolescents as targets of psychological influence, the formation of adequate self-esteem and the level of claims of adolescents, the development of an objective, adequate attitude to the results of their activities, orientation not to error, but to obtain new knowledge are identified.

The article presents results of an empirical study of emotional resistance to the negative impacts of the modern information environment in future teachers. The study involved 63 students of Pedagogical Education programme of the Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, aged 18 to 22 years. The general hypothesis was that emotional resistance to negative impacts of information environment in future teachers is affected by the following factors: notions about the threats and risks of this environment and experience of interacting with it; balance of personality features; present mechanisms of adaptation to life situations. To reveal the relationship between the selected parameters and the indicator of resilience, Pearson’s correlation was measured (r-Pearson).The study showed that most of the students demonstrate resistance to the negative impacts of the information environment; however, it was found that presenting negative information to the subjects resulted in the feelings of insecurity of the world and fear (for themselves and their family and friends) in many respondents.

Nowadays dissatisfaction with the results of practice in the securities market is growing, and despite the fact that financial theory is developing intensively. The main reason of success and failure in the market is the ability or lack of ability to make investment decisions on the basis of the analysis of formed idea about the future. In order to operationalize the idea of the necessity of forming of assets portfolio on the basis of their return forecasts double-criteria approach to the selection of assets included into the portfolio is suggested. The scope of this approach includes the consistent use of the Hurst exponent, which identifies the degree of predictability of the series, reflecting the returns of a financial asset, and the beta-coefficient, which allows choosing the high-profitable securities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to study the conditions of formation of the composite structures in colloidal solutions of layered precursors (antimony, graphite). Two-dimensional (2D) allotropes can be considered as building blocks in colloidal solutions of layered precursors. To study the possible interactions of building blocks – mono- and multilayers in the colloidal solution of antimony carried out quantum-chemical modeling by the density functional theory (DFT). With a consecutive increase of the number of layers in the structure of antimony, a qualitative change in the distribution of the electron density occurs and inducing of an excess positive charge on the outer faces of the layers. The inside layers are neutral as in a single-layer antimonene. Thus, the presence of charge in the layers is the basis for developing methods and technology of the self-assembly of planar 2D structures of layered precursors and composites based on them. The formation of the planar 2D structures of antimony and graphite and composites based on them occurs as a result of many hours of ultrasonic exposure to a solution of isopropyl alcohol and water and a fi nely dispersed single crystal of antimony or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The regimes of the occurs of self-activated colloidal solutions are determined. The self-activated colloidal solutions are characterized by the presence of long-term nonlinear hydrodynamic effects in a colloidal solution of the antimony, correlated with periodic changes in the particle size in the solution. The experimentally observed processes indicate of the presence of 2D structures with a different number of layers in the volume of the solution, differing in the type and magnitude of the charge. The electrostatically active environment of the colloidal solution creates conditions for the self-assembly of the planar structures of the original precursors and composite structures based on them. As a result, multilayered 2D allotropes of antimony, graphite and two types of composite structures: a multilayer multigrahene / antimony structure and a polymorphic – multigrafene / nanofi ber were obtained.

This article analyzes the first experience in the implementation into the pedagogical process of one of the methods of active training — role playing. The need for intensification of medical education process is linked primarily to the rapid increase in the volume required to provide students with information and the lack of training time. The analysis showed that the game significantly increases the level of students' knowledge, but require substantial modernization of the educational process.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the prenatal differentiation diagnostic program for identification of urinary tract abnormalities to find ultrasonographic signs of fetal vesicoureteral reflux. «Prenatal ultrasound cystometry with natural filling» - was used for dynamic control of fetal urinary tract in cases (72 investigations, 54 fetuses) when the distention of upper urinary tract was noted in 19-40 weeks of gestation. The simultaneous measurement of the renal pelvis and the bladder during the micturition cycling detected the urodynamic variant of upper urinary tract obstruction. The presence of uni- or bilateral renal pelvic (and ureter) distention, the variation of pelvic size (ureter) during micturition cycling simultaneously with variations of bladder size are highly predictive of fetal vesicoureteral reflux.

997-2006 years in pediatric surgery clinic were treated at 332 patients at the age from 6 months till 15 years that underwent endoscope correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with various degrees. At 105 patients as biomaterials implant (plasma with thrombin, collagen), at 227 children - polymers implant (a preparation DAM+) were used. The algorithm of a choice of methods of treatment VUR has been made by criterion which were: degree VUR, age of patients, a background pathology and result of the previous treatment.

The main results of the functioning of the compulsory health insurance system in the Russian Federation for 25 years were analyzed. A brief review of the assessment of the Russian healthcare model by foreign and domestic experts is presented. Negative and positive results of the modernization of compulsory medical insurance, the impact of payment methods on the efficient use of resources, increasing the availability and quality of medical care are formulated. Areas were proposed of activity to create a patient-oriented insurance environment in the Russian health care.

The results of the long term work of the Russian Scientific Centre of Roentgenology and Radiology on me- dical investigation of the participants in the liquidation of the consequences of Chernobyl power plant acci- dent have been summarized. It has been stated that circulatory system and tumor diseases occupy the leading position in the disease rate among the affected liquidators. The important role of cytogenetic investigation was pointed out. It allows us not only to determine the efficient impact on the human body but also to evaluate the effective dose of radiation, the information about which allows us to predict the development of distant post-irradiation pathology. The results of cytogenetic investigations testify to the interrelation between the level of chromosomal abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases and confirm the clinical data on the non- neoplastic.pathology among the liquidators of the accident.

Nuclear domains can be divided into two major groups: those arising freely in nucleoplasm and those forming at specific chromosomal loci as a result of their activity. The advantages of giant transcriptionally active lampbrush chromosomes for the investigation of nuclear bodies formed in particular chromosomal regions have been demonstrated in a series of studies. We propose to use two strategies to analyze the loci of nuclear domains formation on lampbrush chromosomes typical for avian and amphibian oocytes. The first approach implies consecutive mapping of BAC-clones, containing the fragments of DNA assigned to genomic coordinates, in close proximity to the nuclear domains. The second approach is based on mechanical microdissection of chromosomal regions adjacent to a particular nuclear structure. DNA of dissected material can be amplified by PCR with degenerate primers and mapped by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on chromosomal spreads. Utilization of high-throughput sequencing (next generation sequencing, NGS) technologies also proves to be prospective for subsequent deciphering of regions underlying nuclear structures formation. Deciphered fragments can be aligned against reference genome assembly to define precisely the loci responsible for nuclear domains assembly. In this review, the possibilities of using two complementary strategies for investigation of nuclear domains associated with lampbrush chromosomes are demonstrated.

We studied the localization of myosin-activating protein kinases in cardiomyocytes obtained from fetal human heart at 8-9 weeks gestation. It was found that at this developmental stage, smooth muscle/nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, 108 kDa) and its high-molecular weight isoform (MLCK, 210 kDa), skeletal MLCK and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) are co-localized with nonmuscle myosin IIB in the premyofibrils. The data obtained suggest that cardiac nonmuscle myosin at 8-9 weeks gestation may serve as the substrate of the studied myosin-activating protein kinases that are likely to cooperatively regulate the formation of myofibrils. We revealed high-molecular weight isoform of smooth muscle/nonmuscle kinase MLCK-210 in developing human heart and determined the ratios of MLCK-108 and MLCK-210 at different gestational stages. In this case, the approximate time period of changes in these isoforms ratio was revealed (between 8-9 and 13 weeks), that can be associated with functional changes in the developing myocardium.

It has been shown that Y-27632, an inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase, delays sarcomere assembly in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes pretreated with angiotensin II. Y-27632 affects the beat rate of cardiomyocytes; however, this effect is only observed at high cell density and, therefore, seems to be related to the formation of gap junctions between adjacent cardiomyocytes. Consistent with this suggestion, we established that Rho-associated kinase is localized in myofibrillar Z-discs of human myocardium and intercalated discs, the structures enriched in gap junctions. We propose that Rho-associated kinase participates in the maturation of the myocardial contractile system through phosphorylation of its molecular targets in Z-discs and intercalated discs.

The situation in Karelian water bodies polluted with mining waste has been analyzed. As a result of technogenic wastewater discharge, the total ion content in lake waters has increased tens of times, and the concentration of potassium ions (the main component of wastewater), hundreds of times. Pollution tolerance of hydrobiont populations depends on the historically developed adaptation potential of species. The lowest tolerance to mineral pollution is characteristic of crustaceans representing mesolimnic families Polyphemidae, Sididae, Leptodoridae, Holopedidae, Diaptomidae, and Temoridae. Representatives of paleolimnic cristacean families Daphniidae, Bosminidae, and Cycopidae as well rotifer (Rotatoria) species of freshwater origin are highly tolerant of changes in the ionic composition of water.

The dependence of the level of unstable chromosome aberrations and nononcological diseases on the genotype in 57 liquidators of the ChNPP accident was studied. Candidate genes presumably affecting radiosensitivity were highly polymorphic loci of xenobiotic detoxication genes (glutathione-S-transferases GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) involved in DNA methylation and synthesis. An increased frequency (0.014 +/- 0.001 per cell) of unstable chromosome aberrations, including radiation-specific dicentrics and centric rings (0.0015 +/- 0.0002 per cell), has been found to be preserved in the group of liquidators examined in 2006-2007. No associations of polymorphism for each of the studied genes with cytogenetic parameters were revealed. Increased frequencies of chromosome aberrations were recorded in homozygous carriers of a deletion at the GSTM1 locus in combination with homozygosity for minor alleles at the MTHFR and GSTP1 loci (p = 0.00002 and p = 0.0233, respectively). The number of homozygous carriers of the minor allele GSTP1 was increased among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in liquidators with acute circulation disturbances (p = 0.014 and p = 0.04, respectively). Double homozygotes for GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions were significantly more frequent among subjects with benign tumors (cysts, polyps, p = 0.015) and with benign thyroid tumors (p = 0.017). This genotype has proved to be protective for patients with severe cardiovascular diseases (acute circulation disturbances, p = 0.027).

A technique was worked out on the basis of studying of physiological indices of the main and medical aid appealability concerning musculoskeletal system diseases (MSD), physical examination of workers. It will allow for certain determine the character of individual predisposition to the development of the disease and in 84% of the cases rather sooner predict the disease if a worker has high individual predisposition and in 55.2% of other cases. Combination of tension and pain sensitivity indices measuring up 21-80 and 1.1 mm and more; 81-160 and 1.0 mm and more; 161-220 and 0.9 mm and more; 221-300 and 0.8 mm and more; 301 and more, 0.7 mm and more accordingly characterize high individual predisposition; less 50 and 0.5 mm--tolerance to the disease. A risk of the development of musculoskeletal system diseases conditioned by individual predisposition from the mathematical analysis happened in 16.2%. Application of the method before receiving the job can both reveal individual predisposition to musculoskeletal system diseases and prevent from harmful industrial conditions. It will decrease a risk of the development of MSD, keep sound health and prolong professional activity.

The situation in water bodies of northwestern Karelia in 1992-2001 was analyzed. As a result of waste discharge from the mining and ore-processing works, weakly mineralized hydrocarbonate-calcium waters changed into highly mineralized waters with the prevalence of potassium ions and sulfates. The total abundance and biomass of zooplanktonic communities decreased. Using the methods of principal components and partial correlations, differences in the responses of zooplankters to mineral pollution were revealed. Typical inhabitants of northern water bodies decreased in numbers, and the species Eudiaptomus gracilis Sars and Heterocope appendiculata Sars (Calanoida) disappeared. On the other hand, eurybiontic species prevailing in water bodies with higher mineralization manifested a positive reaction to the increase in the contents of dissolved mineral compounds. Toxicological experiments made it possible to estimate the survival threshold for E. gracilis and H. appendiculata: the populations of these crustaceans in the polluted water body perished when potassium concentration in water exceeded 50 mg/l.

Physiological parameters were studied in industrial settings as well as in laboratory experiments and clinical examination characterizing the condition of the most important bodily systems in drivers of the technological motor transport and excavator operators working in the iron-ore open-cut mines. Differences have been revealed in the state of physiological indices in those workers with incipient manifestation of disorders of the osteomuscular system (OMS) as compared to workers in the identical service-duration group free from OMS disorders, suggesting individual sensitivity to exposure to regional physical overloads coupled with vibration and noise and warranting further studies on development of methods and criteria for individual sensitivity to exposure to the above factors in order that prophylaxis against OMS disorders might be improved.

As a result of the investigation conducted, differences have been revealed of effects of the studied factors of labour conditions and its quantitative values on development of disorders of the osseomuscular system depending on the character of labour. In workers of basic occupations in iron-ore mines, the development of radiculopathy qualified as an occupational problem, has been shown to be determined by exposure to a complex of studied adverse factors of the occupational environment and labour process by 35% (very high degree of the effect exerted), including local vibration--by 14%, time of keeping a required working posture standing--by 7.2%, air temperature difference--by 7.4% (high and moderate degree of the effect exerted). The above adverse factors are to be considered in sanitary-and-hygienic characterization of the working place and taken account of in attempts to ascertain relatedness of the illness in question to the worker's occupation and in implementing measures designed to administer primary and secondary prophylaxis. In those workers engaged in occupations of the sensomotor kind operator's work, development of spinal osteochondrosis is determined by 25.4% by action of a complex of the studied factors of labour conditions; of this percentage, 22.4% have been shown to be caused by a number of working (operating) movements during the shift (very strong impact), which fact necessitates qualifying the condition as an occupational disease and suggests increase in the role of improvement in labour conditions in its prophylaxis.

Optimal conditions for the formation of stable protoplasts of S. recifensis subsp. lyticus 2435 were defined and the use of the protoplasting procedure to increase the activity of the synthesis of extracellular enzymes was shown in principle possible. The level of the synthesis of glycosidases and lytic endopeptidases by the isolated variant II-29 was higher than that the initial strain by 40-45 per cent which was due to the enrichment of the population with more active variants.

To measure the volume of extracellular fluid, integral rheography is suggested. Investigations were carried out in 190 practically normal children aged 3 to 14 years. A well-defined reverse relationship was established between basic resistance and the volume of extracellular fluid. The given conclusion was confirmed by examination of children with the nephrotic syndrome, made during disappearance of edema. In edema, basic resistance was found to be reduced whereas in edema disappearance, it increased.

The clinical picture and the results of bicycle ergometry and selective coronarography were compared with the findings of electrical stimulation of the left atrium in 24 patients. It was demonstrated that transesophagus electric stimulation of the left atrium may serve as a diagnostic method in coronary heart disease.

Antianginal effect of a new beta-blocker corgard (nadolol) was studied in 17 male patients with stable stress angina, aged 42 to 56, in comparison to obsidan and placebo. An original method was used to assess the extent and duration of antianginal effect consisting in repeat identical treadmill exercise coupled with continuous ECG monitoring. Corgard was shown to produce a marked antianginal effect as reflected in significantly reduced ST depression and elevation of angina of effort for more than 24 hours after a single 80 mg dose. Compared to an adequate dose of propranolol, corgard is 20-25% more effective in terms of markedness, and at least 14 hours more effective in terms of duration of the effect.

The effect of specific inductors at different stages of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2435 cultivation was studied. It is shown that introduction of killed bacterial cells into inoculum not only influences the level of accumulation of lytic enzymes by the strain S. recifensis var. lyticus 2435 but also determines the qualitative composition of the synthesized complex. The yield of bacteriological glycosidases grows with introduction of the Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells into the inoculum or of dissolvable chitin into the enzymic medium. The possibility to preserve the initial level of the lytic activity in the producer during re-inoculations by introducing the Bacillus subtilis cells into the cultivation medium has been studied.

Spontaneous variability of Actinomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2435 producing a complex of lytic enzymes was studied. A correlation between the strain activity and the content of the variants of the main morphological type in the population was shown. The carbon sources influenced the proportion of different type variants in the population. Strain 2435 was rather stable with respect to the level of the synthesis of yeast-like enzymes and showed a significant variation with respect to the level of the biosynthesis of the bacteriolytic complex. The population variation of strain 2435 with respect to the staphylolytic (synthesis of specific endopeptidases) and muramidase activity was most pronounced. The high activity levels of strain 2435 and wide lytic spectrum were provided by selection of the variants of the first morphological type with respect to the property of high staphylolytic activity.

The results of the study on survival and variation of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2435 producing lytic enzymes are presented. The culture was maintained for 2.5 years under a layer of vaseline oil, at a temperature of -20 degrees C and in lyophilized state. It was shown that irrespective of the storage method strain 2435 preserved its viability. However, the most intensive growth was observed in the lyophilized cultures. During the storage the content of the productive colonies characteristic of the morphological type culture in the population decreased while the number of the low active variants increased. Lyophilization of the strain spores in the sucrose-gelatine medium provided insignificant morphological variation of the culture and preservation of the initial level of its lytic activity against a number of test-microbes except S. aureus and M. lysodeikticus. Storage of the culture under vaseline oil and at a temperature of -20 degrees C resulted in lowering of its lytic activity against all the test-microbes used. For long-term maintenance of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2435 the method of lyophilization in the sucrose-gelatine medium is recommended.

In patients with associated coronary heart disease and angina pectoris functional classes II-IV, microcirculatory disorders are linked with the gravity of the patients' clinico-functional status. Application of the functional tests (inhalation of 100% moistened oxygen, regional occlusion of the vessels of the limb under study) revealed the presence of latent deficiency of oxygen transport to the cellular substrate. In functional classes III and IV of disease, an appreciable reduction in the level of tissue hemoperfusion, of tissue oxygen supply, and an increase in the summary conjunctival index were recorded.

The results of 5-year pharmacologic treatment of 234 coronary patients with stable angina of varying functional classes are reported. Coronarography detected stenosis of major coronary arteries in all cases; ventriculography demonstrated no disorders of left-ventricular contractility. Clinical improvement and stabilization occurred in 75.2% of patients, deterioration, in 24.8%. Of the latter group, nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in 13.7%, and signs of heart failure developed in 9.8%. Repeat bicycle ergometry demonstrated increased or unchanged physical stress tolerance in 67.1%. Working capacity was intact after five years in 61.1%. Therefore, long-term medication of coronary patients with stable angina and normal left-ventricular contractility has proved efficient.

The diagnostic value of 24-hour ECG monitoring was assessed in 81 patients with stable angina of effort (functional classes II-IV) and 8 spontaneously-anginal patients. The pattern and frequency of transitory ST displacements, and their distribution by the hours of the day are reviewed. The results of 24-hour ECG monitoring are compared with clinical, bicycle-ergometric and coronaroangiographic findings. Spontaneously anginal patients showed peculiar episodes of transitory ischemia, with typically elevated ST, shorter duration and the occurrence mostly during the night and morning hours; 2/3 of such episodes were painless. High diagnostic value of the method for the assessment of the efficacy of anti-anginal drugs is demonstrated.