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This article focuses on the methodical solutions for formation of the basic educational programs, which are constructed on the Federal state educational standards of the third generation. In particular, there are given the recommendations concerning the structuring of the competences component elements, and also about the selection of the most effective method of their creation, checking and assessment.

The presented work reflects and analyzes the results of numerical simulation of the electric field strength dependence on the dimensionality and geometry of gold nanostructures as well as their orientation relative to the polarization of the incident radiation. The simulation of the electric field strength near a single nanostructure was performed using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. FDTD modeling is an effective theoretical way to study the interaction between electromagnetic waves and plasmonic nanoobjects represented by single gold nanorods with different geometry (cylinder, spherical cylinder, elongated ellipsoid) and variable half-length (L =10–120 nm). The radiation source was a plane-polarized wave (λ = 632 nm). As a result of the simulation, the localization of the electric field near the nanostructures has been determined and the maximum theoretical values of the near-field strength have been obtained. The dependence of the electric field strength maxima has been demonstrated to be nonlinear on the half-length of gold nanostructures in case of their longitudinal orientation to E-vector. The obtained theoretical calculations of the electric field strength near the plasmonic nanoparticles, including gold nanorods, allow us to determine the optimal nanoparticle parameters and excitation conditions for the plasmon resonance occurrence which in turn provides an opportunity to create SERS-structures with a high Raman scattering enhancement.

The article discusses the experimental and theoretical results of studying the optical properties for planar quartz surfaces modified with gold nanostars using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Surfaces functionalized with nanoparticles, prototypes of optical sensors, have been obtained. It is shown that the obtained experimental Raman signal enhancement from the dye rhodamine 6G (R6G) can be at least order 104. The paper presents the results of calculation, synthesis and study of the optical and morphological properties of such structures. A complex method for creating and evaluating the optical properties of planar nanostructures and evaluating their optical properties is proposed. The method includes the approaches based on mathematical modeling using finite differences in the time domain (FDTD - Finite- Difference Time-Domain) evaluating electromagnetic field strengths near the surfaces of star-shaped gold nanoparticles in colloidal solutions and on a silicon surface. During the simulation, we studied such parameters as the particle size, the wavelength of the exciting radiation, and the dependence of the effective amplification of the electromagnetic field on the morphological parameters of the star. The theoretical approach to the calculation of such structures is shown to be promising for the subsequent chemical synthesis described in the article and the study of optical properties. In this paper, a theoretical calculation of the parameters of the electric field and optical properties is carried out near star-shaped nanoparticles of varying sizes. These parameters were calculated by the finite difference method in the time domain. The task included finding the optimal sizes of nanoparticles as well as varying the thickness of the surface layers in order to obtain the maximum scattering values and further use of similar structures in SERS experiments. Also, within the framework of this work, syntheses of star-shaped nanoparticles was carried out, their optical and morphological properties were studied, quartz surfaces were functionalized with nanoparticles, and sensor prototypes were created in order to further assess the Raman signal amplification. Based on the results of mathematical modeling, the optimal sizes for the synthesis of star-shaped NPs were determined. Synthesis of NPs was carried out by a chemical method using seeds. To carry out the experimental part, SERS spectra were obtained using Centaur U spectrometer (OOO NanoScanTechnology, Russia). The spectrometer was equipped with three different laser sources: 632.8 nm He-Ne laser (17 mW), 532 nm and 473 nm DPSS lasers (45 mW). During the experiment, a He-Ne laser with λ = 632 nm and DPSS laser with λ = 532 nm were used to match the excitation of the plasmon maximum for the nanostars. The optical scheme of the spectrometer included an Olympus BX41 microscope (Olympus, Japan) with a 100× objective (NA 0.9) for positioning the beam and collecting scattered photons. The monochromator of the spectrometer had a focal length of 800 mm. A holographic diffraction grating of 300 gr/mm, and was equipped with a 1024×256 pixel thermoelectric cooled CCD detector (Andor Tech., UK). As a result of the paper, surfaces functionalized by nanoparticles were obtained prototypes of optical sensors. It is shown that the experimental gain of the Raman signal can be no less than 104 times. The presented data will serve as the basis for obtaining the required sizes of nanostars in the methods of the controlled chemical synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles. The results presented in the article can be applied to the development of biocompatible and highly sensitive optical sensors based on the effect of Raman scattering of light.

The article discusses the role of meat and meat products in the diet of younger children. It contains the data on the chemical composition of raw meat, traditionally used in the children’s diet. The authors outline modern sanitary and hygienic requirements to meat products for children of early age. They present new types of pate canned meat and canned poultry meat, their ingredients and chemical composition. There are recommendations on their use by children over eighteen months of life.

The article holds suggested approaches to the solutions of some private tasks within the actual problem – the realization of competence-based approach to higher education within third generation of the Federal state educational standards. The competence model of a graduate is analyzed. The formal methods of the competence component structure and forming tools for different kinds of the students class work and self work interaction description are offered. The suggested approaches are on a probation stage of Bachelors and Masters basic education programs on 210700 «The infocommunication technologies and communication systems» designing and realization process at Perm National Research Polytechnical University.

The paper gives the comparative characteristics of the mechanism of action of fermented milk drinks and probiotic foods. It deals with the results of investigations of the efficacy of probiotic microorganisms in infant nutrition. The issues of supplementing the Russian infant foods with probiotic Bifidobacterium BB-12 strains are considered. The paper presents the data that show that despite the considerable similarity of the mechanisms of action of probiotic foods and fermented mild drinks, their high nutritional value, and organoleptic properties, their final clinical effect may vary greatly. It also gives the results of a number of studies of the comparative clinical efficacy of fermented milk drinks and probiotic foods in 3–14-year-old children with acute enteric infections, which in combination with the data available in the literature suggest that there is a need for personalized recommendations on the use of the above foods in infant nutrition.

This article is about approaches and realization results of the self-setting educational standard with innovation orientation 210700 «Infocommunication technologies and networks» («master» degree) project designing. Structure of self-setting educational standard, requirements to the results and the conditions for realization of the basic professional educational programs with innovation oriented training are described. Self-setting educational standards ensure diversification of master programs with innovation orientation and systematic organization of learning process adjusted for regional business and industry.

This article is defining ways of resolving challenges arising on High School education system as a result of competence approach implementation forming the content and structure of higher professional education. In particular, there are some approaches offered to define integral-differential appraisal of levels of understanding elements and competence parts in the integration with some different forms of class work, students selfwork and it’s evaluation methods. The suggested approaches are in a probation stage of Bachelors and Masters basic education programs on 210700 «The infocommunication technologies and communication systems» designing and realization process at Perm National Research Polytechnical University.

In this article we suggest approaches to the solutions of the some private tasks within the actual problem – the realization of competence-based approach to higher education within third generation of the Federal state educational standards. The approach to the competence elements control tests creation hierarchical model forming is formulated, illustrating examples are given. The suggested approaches are in a probation stage of bachelors and masters basic education programs on 210700 «The infocommunication technologies and communication systems» designing and realization process at Perm National Research Polytechnical University.

The paper comparatively analyzes the nutritive value of fresh squeezed and reconstituted juices intended for infant feeding during the first year of fife. It presents laboratory data on the content of the trace elements copper and chromium in the fresh squeezed juices under the brand name of FrutoNyanya. Requirements for their raw materials, manufacture and technology, as well as a quality control system for baby juices and nectars are provided. Practical recommendations are given for the use of juices in the feeding of infants during the first year of fife.

The paper gives data on the possibility of expanding the assortment of foodstuffs for pregnant women with commercial baby foods.

Subject of Research.The problem actuality for creation, control and estimation of results for competence-oriented educational programs is formulated and proved. Competences elements and components, assembled in modules, course units and parts of educational program, are defined as objects of control. Specific tasks of proficiency examination for competences and their components are stated; subject matter of the paper is formulated. Methods of Research. Some adapted statements and methods of technical science are offered to be applied for control tasks solution, decoding and estimation of education results. The approach to quantitative estimation of testing results with the use of additive integrated differential criterion of estimation is offered. Main Results. Statements, defining conditions of certain and uncertain (indeterminacy) decision-making about proficiency examination for elements of discipline components controlled by test according to test realization results, are formulated and proved. Probabilistic characteristicsof both decision-making variants are estimated. Variants of determinate and fuzzy logic mathematic methods application for decreasing decision-making indeterminancy are offered; further research direction is selected for development of methods and algorithms for results decoding of diagnostic tests set realization. Practical Relevance. It is shown, that proposed approach to quantitative estimation of testing results will give the possibility to automate the procedure of formation and analysis for education results, specified in the competence format.

The purpose of this paper is a development of approaches and recommendations on the selection of quantitative and qualitative component structure of disciplinary competencies, as well as ways of its formal description. One of the main problems, which it is necessary to decide while developing a studying and methodical discipline complex (for example, a discipline program, a fund of estimation tools, etc.) of competence-oriented educational program, is designing of a component structure of each part of competence (a disciplinary competence), that is involved in the formation of the discipline. In this case, a significant impact on this process has not only the content of thematic plan and selected kinds of class and self works of students, but proposed control tools and diagnosing methods of learning outcomes specified in the competency format. Methods. It is proposed to use joint (testable) design component structure of disciplinary competencies and control tools (tests, test materials), check the level of development of their constituent elements described in the triad of «to know», «to be able to», «to master». Requirements to the basic quantitative and qualitative properties of disciplinary competence component structure are formulated and substantiated. A structure of diagnostic table that makes it possible to set a correspondence between disciplinary competence elements and components and their control tests, and also to fix outcomes of current control of development level (test reactions in the binary and not binary alphabets) is proposed and analyzed. A classification of diagnostic tests is given; their impact on format and properties of diagnostic table is shown. Scientific novelty. The approach to designing of a testable component structure of disciplinary competence is proposed; it allows setting some properties of control object, which can increase procedure effective and decoding precision of diagnosis of learning outcomes specified in the competency format. The sub product of using some methods of technical diagnosis for their application in the learning outcomes quality control on the competence-oriented educational programs is given. Practical significance. The research implications can be useful while designing of component structure with showing properties, and will allow teachers to make a test procedure more effectively and qualitatively; it is possible for student to estimate more adequately current level of training that is most significantly under a size and role of student self-work increase. The recommendations and guidelines for selection of a diagnostic table format may be used for designing disciplinary programs and estimating of tools funds in educational programs, wherein learning outcomes are specified in the competency format.

The paper continues the authors’ previous publication (№ 6 (105), 2013) addressing the issue of quality assessment of educational outcomes in the Russian higher school. The research analyzes the approaches to creating and selecting the appropriate ways and means for the level assessment of the acquired disciplinary competences and their components – the disciplinary competence elements (DCEs); and demonstrates the structure of the conformity matrix of DCEs and corresponding educational outcomes. In addition, the algorithm of filling the matrix is illustrated along with the correlation of diagnostic indices and ratings with the assessment scales; the decoding algorithm of the unconditional testing procedure is described including the computation examples and outcome analysis. In conclusion, the authors consider the implementation options of the conditional testing procedure; analyze the related advantages, disadvantages, and proper conditions; and give recommendations for applying the given research materials.

The paper investigates the urgent issue of education outcomes estimation in the higher school, and reveals the current approaches to solving the problem of level estimation regarding the particular competences and their components – the elements of disciplinary competences.The level model of the competence components formation and acquisition is recommended along with the computation method for weight estimation of disciplinary components by means of integral differential criteria of education outcomes assessment. The examples of and practical recommendations for the above method application are given. In authors’ opinion, implementation of the given model combined with available instrumental and methodological means can raise the quality of education based on the competence approach.The paper is addressed to university teachers, methodologists and education quality experts in vocational universities.

The paper proposes approaches to solving the tasks to ensure effective management, monitor, and assessment of the quality of study programmes based on the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education (FSES HPE). It analyses features and problems of a competence-aimed approach to be practically used while designing and implementing the study programmes according to FSES HPE. The relevance of the solving problem to monitor and assess the learning outcomes specified by a competence-based format is justified; main problems are defined, aims and objectives are formulated. The paper illustrates features of forming competences as the main learning outcomes (LO) of a studied theoretical course of curriculum; analyses requirements both for the ways to form and for the tools to monitor the parts of competences (discipline competences) and their component structure («knowledge», «skills», «abilities») to be formed and monitored in the concrete disciplines (units) of a curriculum. The paper offers and studies options to find solutions for monitoring and assessing the LO and education (qualification) in the field concerned. It also proposes and analyses approaches and tools to define integral assessments of LO of graduates who have had competence-based study programmes; specific features of use; methods for increasing accuracy. Using an aggregated competence-based model of a graduate is offered to monitor and assess LO of a curriculum on the basis of the State Final Certification. The paper suggests variants of generalized and detailed representation of LO of a curriculum, which take into account a competence-based format of FSES HPE requirements. The offered approaches and methods will allow increasing efficiency of task solutions to form, monitor, and assess competences, as main LO of the competence-based study programmes.

A pandemic expansion of diabetes mellitus (DM) observed nowadays across the globe is increasingly acknowledged as a disaster by all peoples of the world. Statistical analysis indicates an annual increase in prevalence of DM in Russian Federation that had reached 3 779 423 registered patients by 01.01.2013. Besides the humanitarian aspects, DM poses severe economic challenges for this country ? challenges that stem both from high mortality and growing disability rate due to limb loss, decrease in visual acuity and need for hemodialysis, plaguing many DM patients. Aim. To produce an epidemiological evaluation based on the dynamics of prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Russian Federation ? nationwide and in individual regions ? across the last 13 years. Materials and Methods. Current survey included patients from various regions of the Russian Federation that were examined during epidemiological missions conducted by the federal Endocrinology Research Centre (2000?2009), as well as National Programmes ?Health? (2007) and ?Diabetes ? Learn In Advance? (2012?2013). Results. In the Russian Federation registered more than 630,000 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults (18 years and older) with type 1 diabetes is 35.25%, while in type 2 diabetes - 16.67%. On average, this means that almost one in five patients (17.63%) with diabetes have certain eye problems. Conclusion. In summary, our data indicate a dramatic growth in the rate of diabetic ocular complications, with a particular increase in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, complicated cataract and neovascular glaucoma. These findings call for an even closer attention to early diagnostics, adequate management and, above everything else, timely prevention of ocular pathologies in patients with DM.

Aim. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the population of Moscow Region, as well as the actual prevalence of diabetes complications in individuals already diagnosed with DM. Materials and Methods. 2403 inhabitants of Stupinksy and Domodedovsky areas aged 30 to 70 years were selected by means of random sampling for the estimation of T2DM prevalence. Another 600 individuals inhabiting Pushkinsky and Serpukhovsky areas were randomly selected for the estimation of the prevalence of DM complications (including patients with T2DM). Clinical screening was performed by the mobile diagnostic team. Results. HbA1c level was tested in all participants. The cut-off point for the diagnosis of DM was set for . HbA1c>6.5% according to the WHO guidelines (2011). 204 individuals (8.49%) met this criterion and were selected for further evaluation by OGTT with the following Results. 28.04% were positive for glycemic disorders, including T2DM (8.53%), IGT (17.07%), IFG (2.44%). The highest prevalence of T2DM was found in the elder group (60?70 years old). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was estimated at 26.06%, being 2 times higher among T2DM patients than previously calculated for Moscow Region by the Russian State Diabetes Register (13.2%). The microalbuminuria stage of diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed in 46.1% of diabetes patients, being 5 times more prevalent than previously estimated for Moscow Region by the Russian State Diabetes Register (5.84%). Conclusion. The actual prevalence of T2DM in Moscow Region is markedly higher than the registered. The prevalence of diabetes complications is also significantly underestimated. Most patients do not achieve . HbA1c targets (

The article contains evidence-based modern criteria for choosing specialized phenylalanine-free foods with L-amino-acids, designed for phenylketonuria treatment in patients of all age groups.

The method of spontaneous and induced luminol -dependent chemiluminescence in homogenates of rat retinas OXYS registered increase in the generation of free radicals against decrease in total antioxidant activity. With the ultra-microscopic and quantitative analysis revealed degenerative retinal neurons rats OXYS: the percentage increase in neurosensory cells with pyknosis of nuclei, hyperchromatic piknomorfnyh associative neurons and ganglion n eurons that have been modified on a light and dark type. Thiophane, limiting free radical reactions in the retina and protects retinal neurons from damage.

Since the moment of its formulation, the concept of prebiotics was supported and developed by many researches across the world. The usage of prebiotics for the optimization of the intestinal microflora composition and, therefore, the strengthening of infants health has an increased interest both of scientists and pediatricians. In this article the authors give briefly account on the classification and characteristics of the most common prebiotics, making an emphasis on inulin-type fructans, and show literature and their own data on clinical assessment of different prebiotic products.

The authors discuss the questions of functional digestion disorders dietotherapy with artificial milk formula «CELIA DIGEST» enriched with probiotics in infants. During the study the composition and the properties of afore-mentioned formula as well as the special features of its usage in dietotherapy of functional digestion disorders in children were examined. The results of the clinical evaluation of this formula efficacy in infants at the age from 0 to 2 months old in comparison to the course of functional digestion disorders symptoms in breast-fed children are represented in the article.

И.С. Кон: «...Попытки изменить эту систему я предпринимал не раз» / Интервью подготовил Д.Н. Шалин

Renoprotective effect of antioxidants from group sterically hindered phenols (thiophane, dibornol) in white nondescript male rats (n = 55) subjected to influence of light intensity level 6 000 lx during 6 h was demonstrated. Course intragastric administration of thiophane limited of destructive changes in the retina, but didn’t bring to disappearance of lesion focuses. Dibornol prevented progression of local changes in the retina, contributed to decrease destruction of neurosensory cells, pigment epithelium and neurons of internal layer.

The article describes a problem of rational nutrition of infants with commercially produced additional feeding stuff containing fruits and vegetables. Equally with traditional form of fruits and vegetables in infants’ nutrition (juices, nectars, mashed products), there are new types of food — combined mush products containing fruits, cereals and milk. The article analyzes compound, properties of these products and peculiarities of their use in infants’ nutrition. Authors give recommendations on terms of inclusion these products in diet of infants.Key words: infants, nutrition, additional feeding, mashed products.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. – 2010;9(4):119-123)

100 mothers and children in couple were observed in this trial. All children had atopic dermatitis, developed against breast feeding. Analysis of immunologic characteristics of breast milk in 53 women showed a presence of allergencpecific Ide and Igg antybodies and common Ige in it. The level of those characteristics was lower if mothers were consistent with diet with goat's milk «amaltea».Key words: children, atopic dermatitis, breast feeding, dietotherapy.

(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii = Current pediatrics. 2007;6(1):111-114)

Use of specialized products is one of the ways of improving pregnant women nutrition. Efficacy evaluation is done by unification method, that is based on product tolerance study, their influence progress and outcome of the pregnancy, foetus and women’s nutritive status. This article contains guidelines of clinical physiological evaluation of efficacy of specialized products for pregnant women. Inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as efficacy variables are also included in the article.Key words: pregnant women, specialized products. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (6): 119–121.)