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Purpose: substantiation and development of the facility design for local treatment of drainage runoff discharged from an irrigated area. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the example of a representative object – a collection-discharge (drainage) well of a collector-drainage network located on an irrigated site of the Nizhne-Donskaya irrigation system of the Rostov region. The source materials were the results of field studies of the hydrochemical parameters of drainage water in the well and the central collector. Results and discussion. Since the drainage water quality in the drainage well is much higher than in the mouth of the central collector, the reconstruction of the well will allow effective treatment of low drainage flow rates with minimal financial costs. The proposed design is based on dividing the collector-drainage network into areas with their respective wells, on the outgoing collector pipes on which devices for drainage runoff treatment are mounted. The principle of the device is based on the use of removable cartridges filled with various filter materials, depending on the quality of the treated drainage flow. For example, for water desalination, it is recommended to use loads from ion-exchange resins (cation exchanger, anion exchanger). The example shows that cleaning from the main salt-forming ions of drainage flow with a flow rate of 7 m³/month will require 39.5 liters of cation exchanger and 89.3 liters of anion exchanger, this will amount to 31.7 thousand rubles. Conclusions. The use of drainage wells as local treatment facilities will improve the ecological situation in the zone of irrigated agriculture, distribute responsibility between agricultural producers and owners of reclamation systems for the quality of drainage flow discharged into natural water bodies. The proposed design will provide a multi-variant operation of the device for drainage runoff treatment due to combinations of filter media and sets of various removable cartridges.

This article explores the social functions of the contemporary Chechen language and assesses its vitality within the current linguistic landscape of the Chechen Republic. It presents the results of a comprehensive study on the co-functioning of the Chechen and the Russian across key communicative domains in the lives of Chechen people. The paper synthesizes and systematizes data collected during field research conducted in the Chechen Republic from 2022 to 2023, alongside various statistical and factual information sourced from publicly available resources. A thorough analysis of the gathered data provides a detailed picture of the functional distribution of languages in the Chechen Republic, characterizing the specifics of bilingualism in the region and the ethno-linguistic identity of contemporary Chechens. It highlights that the Chechen language, like other languages in the Russian Federation, faces challenges related to urbanization and digitalization, which contribute to linguistic centralization and a gradual imbalance favoring dominant languages. The study finds that the Chechen language currently exhibits a relatively stable level of vitality, particularly in familial and ethnocultural contexts, bolstered by its high symbolic value and a persistent need for identity expression among Chechen speakers.

Climate change poses a challenge to agricultural production. To avoid production losses and exploit the emerging potential, adaptation in agricultural management will inevitably be required, in particular through the development of highly adapted and plastic varieties. To obtain wheat varieties combining productivity and stability, in 2018-2021, eight promising breeding lines of common winter wheat were studied in multi-environment eighteen trials at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine using three sowing dates after two preceding crops. Using ANOVA, it was established that environmental conditions had the highest reliable contribution to the yield variation (72.09%), genotype-environment interaction and genotype had significantly less (25.30% and 2.61%, respectively). The sowing dates for the preceding crops had a significant effect on the variation in the line productivity. Higher yields were received after green manure (mustard) in 2019 and 2020. The stable maximum level of productivity in terms of sowing dates was after preceding crop mustard as green manure for sowing on October 5 (the third term) and after maize for silage for sowing on September 25 (the second term). It was found that the conditions of the second sowing date were as an analytical background for selection of high-yielding lines of winter wheat. For practical breeding work, the breeding lines Lutescens 36921, Erythrospermum 36866, Erythrospermum 36802 were selected and released as new varieties Trudovnytsia Myronivska, MIP Vyshyvanka, and Gracia Myronivska, which have high yields and adaptability

The article is devoted to the problem of regulating parallel imports in the countries of the Eurasian region, which is significant in the conditions of the modern world economy. The relevance of this issue is related to the economic sanctions applied to such states of the Eurasian region as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The legal regulation of issues of protection of intellectual property rights in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, and Azerbaijan is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts regulating the rights of both copyright holders and importers and consumers, who are subject to the consequences of certain decisions of copyright holders who do not consent to the import of goods into different states.Aim. Research of the legal regulation of the institution of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region in the context of economic sanctions.Tasks. Analysis of regulations governing the protection of intellectual property rights in the states of the Eurasian region, research of the main directions of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region, as well as identification of the main legal problems associated with the legalization of parallel imports in the region.Methods. Comparative legal and cross-temporal analysis of international and national regulations in the field of antitrust, copyright and customs law, as well as the study and analysis of general scientific literature and the formation of one’s own conclusions during the research.Results. As a rule, the states of the Eurasian region have established the national principle of exhaustion of rights to a trademark, and the international principle is used as an exception for certain groups of goods. The legalization of parallel imports raises several formal questions about the compliance of permission to import without the consent of the copyright holder with the international obligations of various states.Conclusions. In connection with the introduction of economic sanctions against some states of the Eurasian region, parallel imports are an effective mechanism for protecting the domestic market from abuses by copyright holders who unreasonably deny importers the right to distribute goods. Also, one of the methods to neutralize the consequences of sanctions regulation is to use the markets of other countries in the Eurasian region, which do not directly prohibit parallel imports.

Subject and Purpose. The research focuses on how the resonance frequencies, the Q-factor of resonances, and the polarization plane rotation ability are influenced by the topology of individual components of a planar-chiral double-layer object consisting of a pair of conjugated irises having rectangular slots and accommodated in a circular waveguide. Methods and Methodology. All the numerical results are obtained by the mode-matching technique (MMT) and the transverse resonance method on the basis of our own proprietary MWD-03 software package. Results. By the waveguide example, it has been shown that the internal structure of individual components and dihedral symmetry of the conjugated bilayer allow all the conclusions of the spectral theory (theory of eigen-oscillations) to be carried over to all the objects of the type. On the other hand, these objects behave as symmetric two-port waveguide components with conventionally "symmetric" and "antisymmetric" eigen-oscillations. The mutual coupling of these eigen-oscillations depends on the bilayer parameters. Where the frequencies of these eigen-oscillations are close enough, the polarization plane rotation and the transmission bandwidth reach their highest. It has been demonstrated that as a slot number increases, the resonance frequency decreases. The theoretical results have been confirmed by the measurements at the X range of frequencies for pairs of conjugated irises with various numbers of rectangular slots. Conclusions. A pair of conjugated chiral irises can rotate the polarization plane. The iris topology, iris spacing, and the mutual rotation angle alter resonance frequencies. The resonance frequencies can be reduced by increasing the rectangular slot length and/or slot number. Even though they have not longitudinal symmetry, such objects have properties of two-port waveguide components. In particular, the phase shift of their reflection and transmission coefficients is modulo 90°. Besides, a possibility exists to divide eigen-oscillations into conventionally "symmetric" and "antisymmetric" based on the proximity of their fields to those whose type of symmetry is known before- hand. This makes it possible to approximate the reflection and transmission coefficients through corresponding eigenfrequencies.

In the paper, the influence of growth factors and silicon surface condition on the epitaxial formation of single-domain GaP buffer layers on Si (001) has been studied. A novel two-stage growth technique for the epitaxial building-up of this structure has been put forward and developed. In contrast to using the migration enhanced epitaxy technique, the proposed technology allows one to separate the nucleation and growth stages, to control the doping profile of the GaP buffer layers. The latter is important for further functional applications. The main factors determining the orientation of GaP crystalline lattice when it nucleates on the Si vicinal surface were found. The structural perfection of the grown buffer layers at both stages was proved through careful control by TEM, RHEED, AFM, and HRXRD. These findings have important implications for further functional applications.

The studies of extremist discourse in cyberspace use set scientific methods to protect traditional spiritual values, such as state sovereignty, human rights and freedoms, historical and cultural heritage. The experience of the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on the implementation of regional international agreements aimed at combating extremism should be applied in the organization of countering extremist crimes committed using digital technologies.Aim . To characterize approaches to combating extremism in cyberspace within the SCO and to determine the methodology for assessing the degree of public danger of manifestations of extremism.Methods. The study on extremism in SCO apply a comparative legal method when posing the problem of criminalization of extremist practices and use discourse analysis of the extremism in cyberspace problem for assessing the public danger of radical ideology.Results. Three groups of methods are used in the fight against extremism: methods of legal regulation, methods of studying and assessing the public danger of extremist materials and methods of scientific research of extremism. Prohibitive legal regulation in cyberspace is applied to media content that, according to the conclusion of linguistic expertise, contains signs of extremist materials. The doctrinal basis for the legal assessment of the linguistic expertise of extremist materials is the socio-legal research conducted in the SCO member states.Conclusions. The propaganda of extremism in cyberspace qualifies as an abuse of freedom of speech, since extremist ideology leads to terrorism. The SCO consensus on the need to combat extremism is based on a scientific methods system for radical ideology research, among which discourse analysis and narrative dialogue research will play an increasing role with the digital transformation.

National security in the media sphere is becoming a multifaceted task related to the implementation of Russia’s cultural sovereignty in the context of digital transformation. Strategic planning for the development of the national media space involves domestic political and diplomatic decisions of a conceptual nature that can ensure the unity of the international information space while countering threats: (1) propaganda of violent extremism, (2) popularization of destructive ideology, (3) reduction of cultural capital level of the party in power and opposition. Operational plans for ensuring media security quite often follow the logic of situational response to threats posed by enemies and implement protective measures in relation to the media space at the national level. In methodological terms, the media security of the state is characterized by systemic practices of ensuring information security (in formal legal analysis), and analysis of threats to cognitive and noospheric security (in the natural science study of communication processes). The research methodology involves the use of the method of participant observation inherent in noxology to classify threats emanating from the mass media. Among the main objectives of the article: analysis of modern Russian political and legal documents aimed at ensuring media security and countering extremism, characterizing the Russian policy of securitization of social problems in the media sphere, delimiting legal political struggle from criminal (extremist and destructive) practices of political communication. The objectives of the study include the analysis of foreign experience in ensuring national media security in the context of digitalization and the growing threat of violent extremism. The logic of competition in the digital cultural space practically excludes the use of secrecy, censorship and forcing the audience to watch propaganda in the process of ensuring media security. Public relations in the media sphere involves the choice of media content by the audience of the global information space, which means that the protection of national spiritual and moral values is implemented in the liberal paradigm and demands open dialogue between the party in power and the opposition on topical issues of national security.

The study of the Institute of Customs Control is part of international integration processes. Under the rapidly changing international world facts, the international trade turnover in some directions is decreasing, and in others it is increasing at times, which affects the economy of all countries, their compliance with modern trends, part of all these processes is customs control, as one of the types of control at the state border, requiring the national security of states. The article compares the institute of customs control in the EAEU and the EU. On this basis, a comparison is made according to a number of criteria and key features. The legal regime of goods under customs control, its beginning, completion and correlation with other customs institutions are investigated. The general competence of customs authorities in the field of customs control is commented on. The circumstances of the goods being under customs control in accordance with the legislation of the EAEU and the EU on customs regulation are analyzed. As a result of comparing the institute of customs control in the EAEU and the EU, both similar and different features were identified. The comparison showed a mixed picture, since the two associations are at different stages of political and economic development, and are also characterized by different historical and geographical features.Aim. Study of the main criteria of the Customs Control Institute in the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union.Tasks. Characteristics of the economic unions of the EAEU and the EU, as well as the study of forms of customs control in the EAEU and disclosure of customs control in the EU.Methods. Comparative legal analysis of international, supranational and customs law, as well as the study and analysis of popular science literature, description and generalization of the material in the process of research.Results. The protection of the security of the State is directly related to economic activity, namely, with the constantly flowing and increasing pace of international trade. States, uniting in unions, form a single legal field in which they create a regulatory framework. The EU introduced the institute of customs control earlier than the EAEU, since the EAEU relied on European experience when creating legislation regulating the customs area. With this in mind, this institute has similar goals and elements of the purpose of its conduct and holding.Conclusion. Actively developing integration processes lead to an increase in world trade turnover and increased control at interstate borders. Every state, and with it the unions, strive for safe and fast trade. Many elements become such tools, one of them is customs control. An institution that controls the legality, security and mutual cooperation of customs authorities and participants in foreign economic activity.

This article examines one component of language planning — educational planning. The main elements and indicators of this type of planning were identified. The authors discuss issues related to educational planning in three republics of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted based on the materials of the Kalmyk, Karelian, and Yakut languages. The aim of the research was to analyze educational planning as a set of existing opportunities for language learning. One of the objectives was to determine the scope and directions of activity in educational language planning. The second objective was to provide an overview of educational planning based on the materials of the Karelian, Kalmyk, and Yakut languages in synchrony and diachrony. The third objective was to analyze educational language planning according to our identified criteria and clarify the prestige of languages in the perception of speakers as a motivational factor for their study. To achieve this, the results of field research conducted in the three republics in 2021-2022 were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the ethnic self-awareness of respondents is at a high level, and the symbolic significance of national languages is significant. However, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the number of individuals interested in studying their native (national) language in school education.

In the context of the development and expansion of the Eurasian Economic Union, the dynamically developing system of integration relations in the Eurasian space on the one hand, and the collapse of Russia’s economic integration in the European Union, the regulation of the institution of cross-border bankruptcy in the law of the EAEU are becoming particularly relevant and require urgent consideration of the issues of legal regulation of insolvency (bankruptcy) with a foreign element in the territory of the EAEU.Aim. To reveal the main problems of legal regulation of cross-border insolvency in the Eurasian region.Tasks. It is proposed to consider models of regulation of cross-border insolvency on the example of Regulation of the European Union No. 2015/848 of 20.05.2015. on insolvency proceedings and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, to analyze the relevance of the considered sources of law, to present the main elements of the concept of development of regulation of cross-border insolvency in the EAEU.Methods. The methodological basis of the research is based on a systematic approach and general scientific methods of retrospective analysis, comparative analysis, induction and deduction, generalization, grouping of information, comparative legal analysis of international law in the field of cross-border insolvency.Results. The proposed approach by studying the established international practice of regulating insolvency cases with a foreign element, comparing the bankruptcy legislation of the EAEU countries, trends in the current international economic and political situation will solve the problems of forming sources of legal regulation of cross-border bankruptcies in the territory of the EAEU countries, the creation of the Eurasian Institute of Cross-Border Insolvency of a mixed model for the exequatur recognition of bankruptcies with a foreign element on the model of the UNCITRAL Model Law on CrossBorder Insolvency of 1997, with the procedure for determining international jurisdiction and applicable law - on the model of Regulation of the European Union No. 2015/848 of 20.05.2015.Conclusion. The presence of clear, transparent, acts regulating cross-border bankruptcies on the territory of the EAEU as a whole, and not within the framework of local phenomena of individual insolvency proceedings with a foreign element on the territory of individual member states of the integration association is a guarantee of investor confidence, as a result — the spread of foreign direct investment, the opening of capital markets, the creation of supply chains and contractual networks, the creation and development of multinational enterprises, economic growth in the countries of the association, as well as the growth of the attractiveness of the EAEU for new member countries with a positive assessment of the prospects in case of accession.

Digital transformation affects all social spheres bringing to life interactive technologies and virtual reality. Since the virtual (digital) space depends on the digital and creative solutions that form its technological base, insofar the legal regime of copying creative solutions affects both the freedom of creativity necessary for sustainable development and public control which is significant for maintaining the manageability of sovereign states and integrational unions.Aim. Improving the legal regime for the protection of interactive works to create a universal and harmonious information space where the rights of authors and the economic interests of software developers are protected, as well as digital sovereignty is guaranteed.Tasks. The concept development for legal protection of interactive works and the political and legal modeling of the digital (information) space presuppose the implementation of international agreements in the field of intellectual rights, as well as solution of several tasks to formalize the results of the creative activity that are perceived through digital technologies.Methods. Political and legal modeling of the digital space is carried out by introducing terminological certainty and creating a system of the interactive works protection. Such legal construction should provide effective public control while preserving creative freedom in digital space.Results. The protection of the copyright and moral rights of the authors of interactive works differs significantly from the legal protection of audiovisual artworks and literature. While the form of objective expression in computer programs may be similar to a literary artwork, their perception by the target audience is fundamentally different in that it models a virtual (digital) space, which the state administration seeks to control in recent years.Conclusion. The state administration’s tendency to digital sovereignty makes sense only if the target audience demonstrates high demand for interactive artworks published under the state jurisdiction. Since the information space is universal, the digital sovereignty of the state is inextricably linked with participation in integration unions that ensure the p roper quality of the results of creative work and create the digital space that is necessary under digital transformation for the interactive art development and the prosperity of creative corporations.

Crime control at the sea involves public activities to create a modern security system in seaports, at the territorial sea and the adjacent zone throughout the sea corridors, as well as in the open sea on sea routes with intensive shipping.Aim. Impact assessment of digital transformation on maritime crime control.Tasks. Firstly, to characterize the impact of digital technologies on the nature of pirate attacks and other maritime offenses, which are actual threats to the maritime infrastructure. Secondly, to analyze the impact of modern measures to combat maritime crime on the economy of seaports, shipping companies and other maritime business entities. Thirdly, to demonstrate the role of the seaport administration and private military companies in the fight against offenses at sea.Methods. The study is carried out by formal legal and comparative legal methodology using a review-analytical approach.Results. Data analysis shows that the administrations of seaports are interested in optimizing security costs by creating a convenient digital management system for the coastal infrastructure. Security systems and logistics solutions depend on the effectiveness of digital technologies implemented in the interests of ensuring the safety of navigation. The Convention for the Safety of Human Life at Sea (SOLAS-74/88), supplemented by the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) in 2004, provides for a universal maritime security system, however, the implementation of these standards in a number of regions of the World Ocean is not enough to neutralize coastal criminal threats.Conclusion. In the context of digitalization, measures to combat crime at sea lead to significant costs, as they require complex technological infrastructure on ships and in ports. The norms of the law of the sea aimed at combating piracy and smuggling should be implemented at the national level, taking into account the socio-economic features of the maritime infrastructure development. Since negative economic trends entail an increase in criminal activity, the economic interests of commercial shipping entities should not be sacrificed in the fight against piracy and smuggling.

The collective monograph “Тhе Idea of Good in F. М. Dostoevsky’s Work and Its Influence on тhе Development of the Philosophy of Law (To the 200th anniversary of F. М. Dostoevsky)” has become a significant event in the world of world science that studies issues of international law.Within the framework of this book, great attention is paid to the opposition of the multivector forces of “Good — Evil” in relation to the Russian Federation through the work of F. M. Dostoevsky. Now, on the western borders of the Russian Federation, the actions of a number of western unfriendly states that are members of the NATO military bloc have intensified, which, from the point of view of F. M. Dostoevsky abandoned God and bring evil, vices and death to the whole world. At the same time, the Russian Federation faced an ideological vacuum after the fall of the USSR and the rejection of socialist ideals. The authors show that Russia can offer the world a new civilizational ideology of Good within which there will be a spiritual transformation and liberation of mankind from temptations, strengthening of faith in God, the establishment of Christian love and virtue. The development of the ideology of Good is becoming the historical mission of Russia in the 21st century.

The article conducts a study to determine the mechanism of effective legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts when establishing mutually beneficial relations between participants in a foreign economic transaction who are subjects of law of different states by type of economic activity in accordance with and in accordance with the terms agreed by the parties on the basis of the applicable norms of national and international law and the legislation of the countries regulating these legal relations in foreign economic activity.Aim. To propose the most optimal directions for improving the legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts in the system of international integration.Tasks. To determine the legal basis for regulating foreign trade contracts in modern integration processes; to investigate the legal aspects, specifics and procedure for concluding foreign trade contracts, as well as to identify legal problems that hinder the development of these legal relations.Methods. In this research we used methods of comparative law, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of deduction and induction.Results. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that there are some problematic aspects of both national and international regulation in the field of foreign trade contracts. These problems are expressed in the absence of a single legal regulation for the conclusion and execution of foreign trade contracts, the presence of specific requirements for the content of the contract in different countries, and as a result, the appearance of conflicts at the stage of agreement of the text of the contract by partners from different countries, as well as in the absence of a single legal mechanism ensuring fair resolution of disputes between the parties to the contract.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of the actual problems associated with the lack of the necessary comprehensive legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts, the authors propose optimal ways to solve them by harmonizing legislation at the international level in order to humanely and fairly bring together the legislations of states and establish comparable regulatory legal regulation in relation to the legal regulation of the content, conclusion and execution of a foreign trade contract.

In the context of deepening international integration in the Eurasian space, the study of the legal protection of migrant workers is fundamental issue for both ensuring socio-economic fairness and gradual transformation of the state sovereignty into the institutional basis of supranational constitutionalism, which guarantees the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms.Aim. Improving the legal regulation of labor migration at the international, supranational and state levels through the harmonization of migration legislation in the Eurasian region.Tasks. Identification of conflicts and inaccuracies in the legal regulation of labor migration, as well as the development of recommendations for implementation of international agreements on the organized recruitment of workers between the receiving countries and countries of origin of migrants.Methods. A comparative legal analysis of international, supranational and state migration law in the process of research is supplemented by a discursive analysis of scientific literature on labor migration issues.Results. Protecting the socio-economic rights of migrant workers is the main task of host states, where migrants can become ether a criminogenic factor or a constructive social element. It is rational to organize national regulation of labor migration in integration associations of states, such as the EAEU, on the principles of national treatment for migrant workers. International agreements on the organized recruitment of workers between receiving countries and countries of origin of migrants should ensure the adaptation of migrants to the legal regime of the host country, the participation of migrants in the functioning of civil society institutions, and the monitoring of migration processes.Conclusion. Labor migration strengthens integration unions, creating strong social ties and developing civil society institutions within the boundaries of integration associations. Since state sovereignty is inextricably linked with the protection of the interests of fellow citizens, insofar as in the process of regulating labor migration, all states participating in regional integration are called upon not only to protect the rights of migrant workers, but also to provide all conditions for migrants to fulfill their obligations to civil society.

Aim. To analyze relevant provisions of the main national and international regulatory legal acts in the field of monitoring and control of new potentially dangerous substances.Tasks. To study the current legal regulation of legal and illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances in the Russian Federation and the EAEU states. To examine new amendments in the legislation of the European Union regulating the substances traffic control and illicit traffic countering. To provide an overview of the procedures of new psychoactive substances scheduling under the International Drug Control Conventions. To formulate proposals for improving the national and international anti-drug legislation.Methods. The methods of logical and comparative legal analysis, as well as the legal prediction method have been used in this article.Results. The legislation of the EAEU countries in the field of the control of the legal and illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances needs to be improved and harmonized. The substances scheduling procedures under the international drug control conventions in the EU and the UN are very difficult multi-stage and excessively long. The timing of adoption of new regulatory acts certainly does not correspond to the potential danger of uncontrolled trafficking of new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances for public health.Conclusion. The penalties under Art. 234.1 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code “Illicit trafficking of potentially dangerous psychoactive substances” should be toughened. The legal procedure for forming the state Register of new psychoactive substances must be changed. In the EAEU countries, it should be necessary to make agreement at the interstate level about a uniform approach to the introduction and content of criminal justice responses to the illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances. In the EU countries and in the frame of the UN, the scheduling procedure under international drug control should be changed regarding new psychoactive substance. All such substances of this kind should be included in a Special Annex for which certain agreed control measures would be prescribed, with the possibility of subsequent expert evaluation of the potential danger of the substance to individual and public health. These established control measures in the fut ure might be toughened or reduced based on the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence critical review and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) position.

Background. Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Northern Europe, North America and East Asia. However data on GERD prevalence in Russian population are very limited. Aim. To determine the prevalence of GERD among the population of Russia, the clinical spectrum of GERD symptoms, the main drugs used for GERD treatment, and the rate of their administration. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2015 to January 2017 in 8 cities of Russia. A survey of patients over the age of 18 years old visiting outpatient medical institutions for any reason, including patients without gastrointestinal complaints was carried out using a short version of the Mayo Clinic questionnaire. Results. In total, 6132 questionnaires of patients aged 1890 years were analyzed [2456 men (40.1%) and 3676 women (59.9%), mean age 46.615.4 years]. The GERD prevalence among the interviewed patients was 34.2%. The incidence of GERD increased depending on body mass index and the age of the patients. Medications used by the patients for heartburn relief included proton pump inhibitors 59.96%, antacids 67.92%, H2-histamine receptor blockers 11.42%, alginates 18.41% of patients. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of GERD among residents of Russian cities applying for primary health care (34.2%). In comparison with previous studies, an increase in the proportion of GERD patients taking proton pump inhibitors was noted; in most cases the regimen of their intake was in accordance with the recommendations.

A review of scientific articles published over the past 15 years in leading foreign scientific journals on international law demonstrates the gradual improvement of legal means for the settlement of maritime disputes between the states.Aim. Identification of the features for application of the law of the sea norms targeted on the resolution of maritime disputes that develop in the modern international system.Tasks. Development of the classification of maritime disputes, analysis of the jurisdiction of the judicial authorities competent to resolve maritime disputes, characterization of the provisions of international agreements and customs of the law of the sea in the resolution of maritime disputes by the International Court of Justice of the United Nations (ICJ), the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague (PCA).Methods. Discourse analysis of the most authoritative publications on the issue of resolving maritime disputes, a formal legal analysis of the norms and customs of maritime law, as well as a comparative legal study of judicial and arbitration practice in resolving interstate maritime disputes. Law enforcement practice on maritime disputes allows to characterize the subject of modern interstate maritime disputes; critically assess the fairness of decisions of international courts; to analyze the problems of enforceability of judicial and arbitral awards in the framework of the procedures for the settlement of maritime disputes provided for in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.Results. Reasonable decisions of the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague are usually implemented by the states parties to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Protection of the marine environment as well as prompt release of ships and crews from arrest have become a modern legal reality due to the effectiveness of the legal mechanism for resolving interstate maritime disputes. Territorial maritime disputes cause significant difficulties at all stages of their resolution, which is due to their political nature and the efforts of states to protect their national interests.Conclusion. The resolution of maritime territorial disputes requires more flexibility from the parties, an international agreement between the parties to the dispute on the procedure for its consideration, as well as the use of conciliation procedures to work out a compromise solution to the dispute.

The article analyzes the current state of the civil circulation of real estate within the Eurasian Economic Union as a supranational formation, examines the legal basis for the international turnover of real estate, as well as identifies legal problems.Aim. Suggest the best ways to solve the problems of international turnover of real estate within the Eurasian Economic Union.Tasks. To determine the legal basis for the regulation of international turnover of real estate within the EAEU, to analyze the state of the real estate market within the EAEU, as well as to identify legal problems that hinder the development of these social relations.Methods. In this research we used methods of comparative law, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of deduction and induction.Results. In the course of the research the authors conclude that there are some problematic aspects of both national and international regulation in the field of international real estate transactions. These problems are expressed in the absence of uniform norms governing the procedure for certifying real estate transactions, as well as in the absence of a unified legal mechanism for such transactions.Conclusion. As a result of analysis of problems of current legislation, the authors propose ways to solve them by creating a uniform (unified) rules in the field of notarization of real estate transactions within the Eurasian Economic Union.

Systematic review of articles on the problem of measuring political trust published in such authoritative scientific journals as “European Political Science Review”, “British Journal of Politics and International Relations”, “Parliamentary Affairs”, “Journal of Public Policy”, “Political Science Quarterly”, “Perspectives on Politics” and “International Journal of Public Opinion Research”, demonstrates considerable attention of scientists to the problem of political trust in a modern democracy and pursues as its goal the development of a methodological basis for political trust research. The methodology of the review on the problem of measuring political trust involves a comparative analysis of the results of studies in the field of assessing political trust. Among the main tasks of the article are: generalization of scientific approaches to political trust, development of methods for political trust measurements and its result interpretation, characterization of the crisis of trust in a modern democracy. The objectives of the study include identifying conceptual scientific works of Western scientists for the period 2011–2021, which allow tracing the modernization of ideas about the object of political trust, characterize the methods of measuring the level of political trust used in modern socio-political science, and reveal differences in the formation of moral and strategic trust. The differences in moral political trust, where trusting relationships are formed on the basis of the experience and personal interaction of subjects, and strategic trust, where political culture is formed and certain expectations that political leaders will make correct, rational decisions are based on fundamental ideas about the political an order where constant change forms personal and institutional ties. Measuring political trust, which is the basis of interaction between citizens and the state, is an issue of fundamental importance for characterizing the quality of democracy, and the rule of law is impossible without a high level of political trust.

The article discusses issues related to the settlement of disputes within the framework of the World Trade Organization, as well as assesses the advantages and disadvantages of this system. The specific problems of the dispute settlement system functioning today are considered, and options for optimizing the dispute resolution mechanism and various ways to improve the effectiveness of legal remedies in cases of non-compliance with decisions are proposed. Special attention is paid to the latest topical disputes involving the Russian Federation, the European Union, Ukraine, China and USA resolved within the framework of the World Tr ade Organization, as well as to the crisis faced by the organization due to the absence of a permanent appeals body.

In the context of global changes in the media market under the influence of Internet technologies, it becomes necessary to identify the main trends of its development, so the characteristic of the market trends, the integration process of entrepreneurial structures in the media industry, aimed at increasing their competitiveness at the present stage of development of the market economy. In the context of an ever-changing, competitive digital ecosystem and against the background of General cuts in advertising budgets in the print press, radio, and television, advertising investments in the digital environment are increasing starting in 2019. Revenues of legacy news media organizations (also called old or traditional media organizations) are constantly declining due to the high degree of audience participation in new media due to the use of user-generated content, media automation, and new digital media organizations. Using mathematical-statistical and logical research methods, the article identifies specific features of the media business sphere, which include audience fragmentation, culture of creative destruction, and hypercompetition in the media market. In addition, key issues and current changes in the media industry in the context of global digitalization are highlighted, reflecting the introduction of innovative technologies that affect the media industry, and the decline in traditional methods of delivery and media consumption. Global digitalization has affected the growth of media platforms, resulting in an increase in the supply of content itself, as well as significant changes in its consumption by the advertising market.

Cyberspace crime is a critical threat to the information security of the state and civil society institutions. Inside global network the abuse of computer user’s trust allows organized criminal groups to achieve their economic and political goals by committing offenses in the international information space. The methods of participatory observation, comparative legal and discourse analysis show that digital transformation has weakened the influence of the state on the development of the cultural sphere of society, and computer technologies have become the object of interests of criminal structures. Digital transformation has created virtual reality based on the laws and regulations of the networked community. Civil society by rejecting most of the peremptory norms imposed by national governments for political purposes produce victims of a wide range of cybercrimes: fraud and computer misuse offences and obscene publications. Since digital transformation is a universal phenomenon that will inevitably change the life of the entire world community, it is necessary to reach a consensus on the development and implementation of modern international agreement which, on the one hand, will guarantee freedom of speech and the right of every person to access information, and on the other hand will protect citizens, states and social institutions from criminal encroachments in an actively developing digital environment.

The review of existing approaches to the study of the problem of language planning is carried out. The features of the implementation of its main aspects are studied. The definitions of the term “language planning” in domestic and foreign sociolinguistics are compared. The activity of actors is studied at the macrolevel and microlevel of language planning. Attention is paid to the goals of language planning, which include not only work on changes in the areas of language use, but also counteraction to the speech shift, which can ultimately lead to the death of the language. Language planning is viewed as a combination of three main areas: status planning, corpus planning and planned language acquisition. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of these components in relation to some of the title languages of the Russian Federation: Tuvan, Kalmyk and Karelian. It is argued that prestigious planning is the foundation for successful language fore-casting. The importance of considering both social and political components in language forecasting is emphasized. The relevance of the study is due to the need to create a base for the subsequent linguistic forecast, which is impossible without an analytical assessment of the existing linguistic situation.

Purpose: to build a hierarchical classification of microhydroelectric power plants, the elements of which are considered as an eventual component of the hydroreclamation system for converting the energy of water flow and solving energy efficiency and energy conservation issues in the reclamation complex. Materials and methods. The source materials used were the works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of hydroelectric power plants use, as well as its design. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, logic, and classification were used as information processing and classification methods. Results and discussion. The issues of energy efficiency and energy conservation in the reclamation complex require the use of new constructive, technological approaches, and the use of profound convergence between knowledge in the energy industry and land reclamation will allow solving some of them. As a result of the search, processing and analysis of information sources in the field of the use and design of hydroelectric power plants, the absence of a general hierarchical classification of microhydroelectric power plants was stated, that causes certain difficulties in integrating a single microhydroelectric power station into the hydroreclamation system as its element. The conducted research related to the development of a hierarchical classification of microhydroelectric power plants made it possible to identify the necessary objects according to three classification criteria: the presence (absence) of head, the principle of supplying a water resource to a hydraulic unit, and the turbine design. Conclusions. The developed four-level hierarchical classification can be adopted at a first approximation, as a basis for systematizing information on microhydroelectric power stations and can be further used in the design of reclamation systems taking into account energy efficiency and energy conservation elements and can also be the object of further discussion.

The current article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of maritime logistics in the modern Greek Republic under the conditions of the digital revolution and economic integration. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that shipping is one of the oldest types of transportation of goods and people, which still haven't lost their relevance in the XXI century, and currently this industry has received special attention. Maritime transport occupies an important place in the implementation of trade and economic relations. The branch of the law of the sea has repeatedly become the object of scientific research. The main function of transport is to provide services to the client through the use of the vehicle. The authors consider the historical development of the maritime branch of law in all the existence of the Greek state. Additionally, the author focuses on digital technologies that are beginning to be developed in the transport and maritime industry and considers the progress in the logistics sector, with regard to trade and transport in Greece.

Subject and Purpose. Peculiarities of the electromagnetic wave scattering at screens perforated by U-shaped slots are the subject of the paper. Numerical modeling of frequency-selective surfaces with frequency characteristics given and research into the possibilities of the performance control of the screens by complicating their elementary cell geometry are the purposes of the paper. Method and Methodology. The numerical modeling is performed upon the MWD3 software package developed in the laboratory of computational electromagnetics of the IRE NASU. Based on the scattering mode technique and the mode-matching technique taking into account the electromagnetic field behavior near the edges, this software package enables calculations of scattering characteristics of both compound waveguides and gratings with piece-wise boundaries. Results. A virtual waveguide was incorporated into the MWD3 projection schemes, extending capabilities of the MWD3 software and making it possible to treat the frequency-selective surfaces with piece-wise boundaries without adding new building blocks. Numerical modeling of perforated screens with U-shaped slots was carried out. Conclusion. Configurations of single and double metal screens and, also, a compound grating formed by two screens separated by a dielectric layer were calculated in full agreement with the given task. The perforated screens provide essential reflectivity decrease at low frequencies and, also, a low insertion loss level in the given millimeter wave region. The obtained results can be of interest for specialists in antenna-feeder engineering and for MWD3 software users.

The improvement of constitutional legislation at the national level is impossible without taking into account the progressive transformations in the international system that predetermine progress in solving the political problems of our time. Democracy as a non-alternative political regime and the rule of law as the principle of social organization guarantee the legitimacy of decisions of the public authority of the state as long as the level of legal culture of the people allows you to remain within the legal framework, updating the interpretation of formal requirements of the constitutional law. The historical context of the modernization of the legal foundations of the state system affects legal awareness only to the extent that changes in the law give rise to progressive practices of human rights protection. Many ambitious political projects and current reforms have not been properly developed due to the fact that the practical results of the modernization of the constitutional system strongly contradicted the picture of social justice that formed the ideological basis for the humanitarian policy. Preserving legal traditions while updating the interpretation of the provisions of constitutional acts in the practice of constitutional justice can contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals to a much greater extent than those changes in the text of constitutional acts that carry the risks of political instability and violation of human rights.

The present article analyzes the development of the inland water transport of the Eurasian region in the context of the adopted programs for the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the integration of the EAEU and the Chinese project ”Silk Road Economic Belt“. The subject of research consists of political decisions and legal documents on the development of inland water transport of the Eurasian region. The article discusses the guidelines for the development of the Caspian transport system, including the development of ports on the Caspian Sea. The harmonization of the activity of the CIS inland water transport was analyzed using the study of the Model Code of Inland Water Transport for the CIS member states.

The right of access to information in post-industrial society is of fundamental importance for achieving the goals of sustainable development. Changes in the system of realization of rights to intellectual property reflect the main trends in the formation of cultural capital. Firstly, the production and sale of copies of works remains an actual way of exercising intellectual rights, but is complemented by interactive formats of interaction between authors and their audience. Secondly, the popularity of specific authors and rightholders allows them to exercise subjective rights in the global information space. Thirdly, the role of the author — an individual will decrease as the modules of artificial intelligence become more and more integrated into the creative industry. With the development of virtual law institutions, the priority of media security is to preserve the superiority of creative works created by man over the results of computer processing of information. In this sense, the right of individuals to access information technologies, as well as the possibility of direct evaluation of the authors’ creativity by a mass audience, may become critical interests for humane technical progress in the global information society.

Objective: to evaluate the innovative organizational, medical and pharmacoepidemiological approaches for the prevention of circulatory system diseases in pre-primary care using mobile health technologies.Materials and methods: 3,694 people went through preventive consultation (questionnaires, anthropometry, body fat and blood pressure evaluation, electrocardiography, glucose and blood cholesterol) at equipped medical sites in shopping centers and rural health posts.Results. Among the surveyed, there were both healthy people and patients cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Behavioral (insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, adding more salt without trying food, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse) and nutritional (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and glycaemia) risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases were detected that contribute to high mortality from circulatory system diseases in the Tver region. This is associated with low adherence to drug therapy and its lack of efficacy in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases.Conclusion: to assess the effectiveness of CSD prevention in pre-primary care, it is possible to use mobile medical sites in shopping centers and rural health posts.

Blockchain technologies are gradually being found an application in many areas, especially in FinTech. As a result, a lot of blockchain platforms have emerged with the support of smart contracts that are intended to automate party interactions. However, it has been shown that they are prone to attacks and errors which lead to money loss. To date, there has been a wide range of approaches for making smart contracts safer that included analysis tools, reasoning models, and safer and more rigorous programming languages. In this paper, we provide an overview of smart contract programming languages design principles, related vulnerabilities, and future research areas. The provided overview is meant to outline the to date state of languages and to become a possible basis for future proceedings, and show approaches, used by the community, to reach safe and usable language for smart contracts. We have split all found vulnerabilities by source of their arising. Various languages’ characteristics such as abstraction level, paradigm, Turing completeness and main features are summarized in the table. Additional information about languages is provided, e.g. model of execution and tools for static analysis.

Purpose: Technical capabilities of the MARK-4B antenna system necessary for its further using as a 32-meter radiotelescope (RT-32) and making simultaneous spectral radioastronomical observations in the C and K frequency ranges, are investigated. Design/methodology/approach:The studies use the results of our own measurements made with the МАRK-4В antenna system, expert reviews, open information sources, technical documentation of the MARK-4B antenna system, radio astronomy and computer simulation methods and comparative analysis of this antenna main parameters with the corresponding parameters of the world’s best active radio telescopes. Combining different approaches allows us to determine the requirements for the receiving system, parameters of the spectrometer, calibration techniques and optimize the МАRK-4В antenna system modernization procedure. Findings: The radio telescope main parameters required for spectral observations in the C and K frequency ranges are determined. The antenna pointing system capabilities are specified. For the MARK-4B antenna system working frequency range, the main spectral lines of various molecules available for research have been considered. The transitions radiating the most intensive spectral lines are listed. The radio astronomical problems that can be solved using the MARK-4B in the mode of spectral observations are formulated. The required parameters of the spectrum analyzer and the receiver’s self-noise temperature are determined. Calibration techniques of the recorded signal are described, which are necessary for carrying out spectral observations. Conclusions: The here presented studies show that for making spectral observations based on the beam-waveguide MARK-4B antenna system, it is technically possible to create the RT-32 radio telescope with quality technical characteristics corresponding to the world-best analogs. Modernization of the beamwaveguide MARK-4B antenna system will allow at the first stage to create in Ukraine the dual-band radio-telescope permitting to make simultaneous spectral and/or continued observations in the C and K ranges. Henceforth, the amount of simultaneously working ranges can be increased.

The article is devoted to the problems of the digital state, its role in modern society. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that at present, in the context of economic integration and digital revolution, the society, which consists of consumers of goods, suppliers, employees of state structures, participants in trade relations, logistics operators and others, is showing great interest in informational technology. Considering current trends of technological development, the XXI century is characterized as the «Age of digital technologies». Digital technologies are rapidly being implemented in all spheres of human life. The modern «digital state» eliminates intermediaries and moves to direct transactions with consumers. The transformation of the new «digital state» will provide easy and quick access to the data of society, also will provide new living conditions for its citizens and improve the efficiency of state structures and business. It seems that in such a state digitalization of documents throughout the state apparatus will be implemented, as well as electronic platforms, through which the government will interact with the civilian population. By using informational technology, people will be able to introduce a new service in the management of the state apparatus, and in this way it will facilitate significant problems with the volume of work of civil personnel, as well as provide economic productivity of the e-government digital state.

The Vienna Convention on the Law of International Treaties of 1969 over the fi fty years of its existence has become a symbol of the international legal order where the rule of law enshrined in multilateral agreements is dominant. The obligation of international treaties provisions, however, is constantly in doubt, as in the context of globalization, developed states adhere to their international obligations not under the fear of political sanctions, such as retorts and reprisals, but because of the need to maintain high reputation and authority on the international political field. The rationality of international agreements implementation at the national level is often criticized for the reason that, firstly, certain international obligations have become obsolete, and, secondly, any contractual limitation of state sovereignty is intended to achieve economic and/or political goals. Obviously, a unilateral withdrawal of a state from an international treaty is possible only on previously agreed terms, but the usual practice of fulfilling international obligations demonstrates that the content of the principle of pactasunt servanda depends largely on the interpretation of international law, dictated by the doctrine of constitutional justice and legislative policy of sovereign power.

The implementation of digital technologies in to the political and legal institutions of modern society has a complex effect on the system of traditional social values. Despite the obvious threats posed by the depersonalization of labor and the competition between man and artificial intelligence for workplaces, technical progress in the modern world has no rational alternatives. The study of political and legal issues of e-democracy development by methods of discursive and meta-theoretical analysis aims to develop proposals for state regulation of the participation of civil society institutions in the political life under the rule of law. Obviously, digital technologies, on the one hand, contribute to the dehumanization of political communication, on the other hand, they make direct democracy procedures more accessible. The consequence of saving time and money in the process of conducting electronic voting can be a decrease in the level of trust between the political class and ordinary members of society who are subject to marginalization in the context of the digital divide. Humanistic principles require public authorities to protect the interests of the individual in the process of interaction with civil society institutions such as trade unions and professional associations, since digital inequality is expressed in the systemic economic discrimination of the precariat. Humanism in a representative democracy requires effective legal guarantees and should remain the main paradigm at the heart of political decisions taken in a democratic way.

The review is devoted to the generalization and analysis of domestic and foreign works describing the mechanism of development of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder after surgery on the pelvic organs in cancer patients. All modern authors agree that the cause of these disorders is trauma of the pelvic nerves and interruption of the reflex arc. Unfortunately, when removing malignant tumors of the pelvic organs, urological complications are difficult and often impossible to avoid. This is due to the complex neuroanatomy of the bladder, its proximity to the rectum, the uterus, as well as the volume and radicality of cancer operations. The article shows that if the parasympathetic ganglia are damaged, there is a violation of the evacuation function of the bladder and a weakening or absence of the urge to urinate. If the sympathetic nervous system is damaged in isolation, on the contrary, an increase in the detrusor tone, intravesical pressure and a decrease in the capacity of the bladder is observed, which is in conditions of low bladder sphincter tone causes imperative urges, frequent urination and incontinence. Prior radiation therapy also affects the development of urological complications. Postradiated soft tissue changes, ischemia, fibrosis lead to great technical difficulties during surgery. In addition, factors that are important in the development of pelvic disorders in this category of patients include urinary system diseases and metabolic – endocrine disorders in case history.

Purpose: Creating a radio telescope based on the MARK-4B antenna system being developed for telecommunication applications, determining the possibilities of using the broadband multirange operation of a beam wave-guided antenna system and to evaluate the antenna characteristics using the radioastronomical measurements. Design/methodology/approach: Acomprehensive analysis of all the MARK-4B systems allows to select the blocks and nodes to be replaced or upgraded. The analysis of the reflector and subreflector design, beam wave-guide, corrugated horn, and feeder system allows determining the possible frequency ranges of the radio telescope being created. Installing a broadband receiver with the stipulated calibration capabilities using cooled and uncooled load attenuators allows to determine the antenna system temperature. Guiding the antenna to the calibration sources and recording scans due to the Earth rotation eliminates the systematic errors or errors of the pointing system. In this way the width of the radiation pattern and the effective area of the radio telescope are determined. Findings: An analysis of the antenna design was made and the priority stages of the reconstruction of the MARK-4B antenna system were determined. The narrow-band transmitter and the C-band receiver were dismantled and a wide-band receiver (range 4.6 - 5.1 GHz) with a detector and the possibility of changing the signal integration time were installed. The observed results have allowed to initially estimate the system temperature mea-surements which allow us to hope that the RT-32 radio telescope (Zolotchiv, Lviv region, Ukraine) together with the cooled receiver will have low self noise. A new antenna pointing system has been calculated and installed which using in the C-band has allowed astronomical tests of the radiation pattern width (≈7.2') and the level of its side lobes (–12.5 dB), effective area (≈680 m2) and surface utilization factor (≈0.84). Conclusions: The completed measurements and calculations show that the MARK-4B antenna system allows to createhighly efficient radio astronomy instrument. The developed for now receiving and pointing systems for the RT-32 radio telescope testify to the high potential of Ukrainian science. Further cooperation between scientific research and high technologies will lead to the creation of an effective Ukrainian radio telescope of the centimeter wavelength range.

Prime value for the European integration has a ratio of Christian values and the moral of the secular state. By means of diplomatic tools, the Moscow principality finds the imperial architecture necessary for completion of integration process of collecting of Russian lands to the uniform state.

The Charter of the United Nations since the foundation of the organization in 1945 is a fundamental document for the legal activities of all the states and international organizations. Since the United Nations (UN) was created to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”, the main task of maintaining international peace and security requires that the changes in the security system that occur in the modern international community be taken into account in the work of the organization. Expanding the scope of application of the norms of international public law led to the formation of mutually exclusive approaches to regulating international relations in various areas of international cooperation. In the Russian and foreign doctrine, this problem is widely discussed in the context of the fragmentation of international law. The vertical fragmentation of international law as a result of the establishment of regional integration associations, such as the Eurasian Economic Union, may contribute to a more harmonious social development, taking into account the cultural specifics of the region. The solution to the problem of harmonization of international regional cooperation lies in the creation of special UN mechanisms aimed at a uniform understanding of the prospects for sustainable development by all the countries.

The article is devoted to the development of Maritime logistics in the twenty-first century. The twenty-first century is characterized as the “digital Age”. Digital technologies are rapidly being implemented in all spheres of human life. Today, the participants of the logistics market show great interest in digital production and logistics. This is primarily due to the fact that IT-technologies are rapidly developing, providing new opportunities and thus facilitate the transportation of goods to customers with the possibility of saving time and reducing logistics costs. In terms of competitiveness, many participants in the international and domestic logistics market have introduced and are already using different types of digital technologies. However, it need to be consider, that this new phenomenon requires detailed analysis, development, legislative consolidation and practical implementation in the transport industry. Today, it is especially important to take into account the scope of international legal sources regulating digital technologies, as the practical application of digital logistics should find legislative consolidation.

Arterio-venous malformations are rather rare findings but sometimes they result in neurologic complications and lethality. These diseases quite often manifest with hemorrhages, cerebral seizures (in cases with intracranial locations).Modern diagnostic methods allow to diagnose cases with AVM of the central nervous system at pre-clinical stage. Last years we tried to improve methods of surgical treatment in AVM patients, intravascular occlusion and possibility of radiosurgery.

Purpose: to realize integration of the innovative organization mechanism with the system of standard design of reclamation facilities with subsequent visualization of the interaction processes of the system elements in the form of a functional model. The organization mechanism in the innovation activity is an activity aimed at the formation and, if necessary, reorganization of structures that implement innovation processes. Materials and methods. The works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of application of innovative mechanisms in various sectors of economy were used as initial materials. The following methods of information processing were used: analysis, synthesis, logic. When constructing a functional model of interaction of system structural elements, the methodology of functional modeling was used in accordance with R 50.1.028-2001. Results and discussion. It is proposed to divide the developed structure of a convergent standard design system into three component parts, in particular, developers of standard project documentation, an organization for managing standard project documentation (institution), consumers of standard project documentation, with the subsequent endowment of each of the elements with their own areas of activity. The analysis of the activity of the elements of the system is carried out, highlighting the main functions performed. A functional model of interaction of a convergent standard design system elements has been developed. Conclusions. The core structural element of the converged system in the form of an organization for managing standard design documentation (institution), while performing its main functions, will ensure the interaction of developers and consumers of standard design documentation at a higher quality level compared to the previously existing (under the Soviet Union) standard design system.

The article is devoted to a study on the identification of phytopathogenic fungi on the crops of Galéga orientális Lam. After all, the consequences caused by fungal diseases cause significant losses in yields of this crop. Galéga orientális Lam. is an extremely promising crop for cultivation, but unfortunately it remains unpopular in the farms of Vinnytsia region and Ukraine as a whole because of the difficulties to get a good harvest, which depends on the ability of the Galéga orientális Lam. to enter into symbiosis with nodule bacteria. And phytopathogenic fungi cause a significant detrimental effect to the Galéga orientális Lam., their pathogenic effect prevents the effective operation of this symbiosis. The mechanism of pathogenic action of phytopathogenic fungi is based on the disturbance of trophic chains and when they penetrate into the host plant they become acceptors of plant assimilates, creating their deficiency, and they are also able to release toxins and numerous enzymes that destroy hydrocarbon polymers of cell walls. A negative consequence of this interaction is the distortion of plant metabolism. Parenchymal and vascular lesions, necrotization of individual tissues or organs due to mycoses turns the plant to the source of the spread of fungal infection. Dead plant residues create an infectious background, contributes to the further spread of pathogens. And although the mechanisms of the pathogenic effect of different types of fungi can vary significantly, they all cause significant damage to agricultural production, reducing crop yield, its quality and shelf life. In order to obtain high-quality yields of the Galéga orientális Lam.green mass, timely control of the fungal diseases that may affect this crop along with other phytopathogenic microorganisms, leads to the decrease of its crops, reduced quality of raw materials and poor storage. Among the diseases of cultivated plants, fungi are considered the most common. In the course of our work, we have established that the main cause of the causative agents of the fungus diseases of the Galéga orientális Lam. for growing crops in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are mushrooms of the genus Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium.

Разнообразие современных медицинских систем, практик, методов в условиях современного поликультурного мира порождает проблему их совместимости. На основе исследования тувинского опыта здоровья эта проблема конкретизируется следующим образом: выявляется и сохраняется ли специфика представлений о здоровье у современных молодых тувинцев как части их жизненного мира в условиях сосуществования с альтернативными вариантами неконвенциональных практик врачевания и конвенциональной медицины? Эмпирической базой исследования явились 10 полуформализованных интервью с тувинцами—студентами из Тувы (Республики Тыва), обучающимися в томском филиале Российского государственного университета правосудия (2019 г.). Цель исследования — описание опыта и практик поддержания здоровья, его вариативности в среде тувинских студентов. Методологические принципы предпринятого исследования сформулированы в парадигме социальной феноменологии А. Шютца и ориентированы на «получение качественных описаний жизненного мира собеседника» (С. Квале). Исследование выявило следующие тематизации в культурном багаже информантов: «природность» жизненного мира; его сакральный характер; переживание магической природы оздоровительных практик; причастность к традиции родовой жизни; ритуальную организацию жизни; отношение к здоровью как целостности, сочетающей религиозно-метафизическое, эстетическое, практическое начала. Особый интерес представляет плетение нитей на запястье, которое отмечено у многих информантов, — символ защиты, здоровья, благополучия. В опыте поддержания здоровья отмечена ситуация «медицинского синкретизма»: лечение в государственном медицинском учреждении, по мнению информантов, может сочетаться с использованием средств неконвенциональной медицины. Подчеркивается возможный приоритет народных и традиционных методов лечения. В отношении к здоровью у тувинских студентов проявляются две тенденции: «фундаменталистская» (приверженность традициям культуры) и «модернистская» (отход от традиций культуры).

This article describes our ongoing research on real-time digital video stabilization using MEMS-sensors. The authors propose to use the described method for stabilizing the video that is transmitted to the mobile robot operator who controls the vehicle remotely, as well as increasing the precision of video-based navigation for subminiature autonomous models. The article describes the general mathematical models needed to implement the video stabilization module based on the MEMS sensors readings. These models includes the camera motion model, frame transformation model and rolling-shutter model. The existing approaches to stabilization using sensors data were analyzed and considered from the point of view of the application in a real-time mode. This article considers the main problems that came up during the experiments that were not resolved in the previous research papers. Such problems include: calibration of the camera and sensors, synchronization of the camera and sensors, increasing the accuracy of determining the camera position from sensors data. The authors offer possible solutions to these problems that would help improve quality of the work of existing algorithms, such as a system for parallel synchronized recording of video and sensor data based on the Android operating system. As the main result, the authors represent a framework for implementing video stabilization algorithms based on MEMS sensors readings.

This article describes our ongoing research on auto-calibration and synchronization of camera and MEMS-sensors. The research is applicable on any system that consists of camera and MEMS-sensors, such as gyroscope. The main task of our research is to find such parameters as the focal length of camera and the time offset between sensor timestamps and frame timestamps, which is caused by frame processing and encoding. This auto-calibration makes possible to scale computer vision algorithms (video stabilization, 3D reconstruction, video compression, augmented reality), which use frames and sensor’s data, to a wider range of devices equipped with a camera and MEMS-sensors. In addition, auto-calibration allows completely abstracting from the characteristics of a particular device and developing algorithms that work on different platforms (mobile platforms, embedded systems, action cameras) independently of concrete device’s characteristics as well. The article describes the general mathematical model needed to implement such a functionality using computer vision techniques and MEMS-sensors readings. The authors present a review and comparison of existing approaches to auto-calibration and propose own improvements for these methods, which increase the quality of previous works and applicable for a general model of video stabilization algorithm with MEMS-sensors.