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Исследованы структура и свойства дисперсионно-твердеющих сплавов на основе систем Cu–Zr и Cu–Cr–Zr при высокоскоростной деформации (~105 с-1) методом ДКУП и последующем отжиге (старении). Изучена роль легирования микродобавками хрома и циркония (0,03–0,20 мас. %), в достижении высокой твердости и термической стабильности СМК сплавов. Показано влияние ДКУП и старения на прочность и электропроводность сплавов. The structure and properties of dispersion-hardening alloys based on Cu–Zr and Cu–Cr–Zr systems under high strain-rate deformation (~10 5 с‑1) by the DCAP method and subsequent annealing (aging) are investigated. The role of alloying chromium and zirconium with microadditives (0,03–0,20 wt. %) in achieving high hardness and thermal stability of SMC alloys has been studied. The effect of DCAP and aging on the strength and electrical conductivity of alloys is shown. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России по теме «Структура» № АААА-А18-118020190116-6 и при частичной поддержке РФФИ (проект № 20-43-660034). The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia on the topic “Structure” No. AAAA18-118020190116-6 and with partial support of the RFBR (project No. 20-43-660034).

Изучены европейское законодательство о защите физических лиц при автоматизированной обработке специальных персональных данных, связанных со здоровьем, и о свободном обращении таких данных и формирующаяся нормативно-правовая база Республики Беларусь по этому вопросу. С учетом специфики государства, сформулированы предложения по решению в процессе нормотворчества проблемных вопросов, связанных с правами человека, при внедрении электронного здравоохранения. EU legislation on protection of natural persons with regard to automatic processing of special personal health-related data and on the free movement of such data and emerging similar legal framework of the Republic of Belarus have been studied. Proposals (tailored to specific Belarusian conditions) were made as to human rights problematic issues solution through rulemaking process when introducing e-health.

Using the methods of metallography and electron microscopy, we studied the structure of shells made of steel 20 and copper grade M1, converging under the action of shock waves. It was found that the deformation behavior of the shells depends on the mass speed, the pressure in the shock wave, and the material properties of the shell itself. Three zones were found in collapsed samples: a spall zone, a central zone, and a deformation zone near a cylindrical surface. Методами металлографии, электронной микроскопии была исследована структура оболочек из стали 20 и меди марки М1, сошедшихся под действием ударных волн. Установлено, что деформационное поведение оболочек зависит от массовой скорости, величины давления в ударной волне и свойств материала самой оболочки. В схлопнутых образцах обнаружены три зоны: зона откола, центральная зона и зона деформации вблизи цилиндрической поверхности. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Структура» № АААА-А18-118020190116-6 и при частичной поддержке УрО РАН (проект № 18-10-2-39).

The dynamic properties of technical copper and copper alloys with a submicrocrystalline (SMC) structure formed by the dynamic channel.angular pressing methodwere studied. The tests were carried out undershock.wave compressionwithintensity 6–7GPa·and speed deformation of (0.9–2.0)·10 5 s–1 . The effect of the dispersion and defects of SMC structure on its resistance to highspeed deformation and fractureto is estimated. Исследованы структура и динамические свойства технической меди и низколегированных сплавов на основе меди с субмикрокристаллической (СМК) структурой, полученной методом динамического канально.углового прессования. Испытания проводились в условиях ударного сжатия с давлением 6–7 ГПа и скоростью деформации (0,9–2,0)·10 5 с–1. Проведена оценка влияния дисперсности и дефектности СМК.структуры на ее сопротивление высокоскоростному деформированию и разрушению. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Структура» № АААА-А18-118020190116-6 и при частичной поддержке УрО РАН (проект № 18-10-2-39).

The effect of high strain rate deformation by dynamic channel-angular pressing and subsequent annealing on structural changes, strength properties and electrical conductivity of dispersion-hardening alloys based on Cu–Zr, Cu–Cr and Cu–Cr–Zr systems was investigated. Исследовали влияние высокоскоростной деформации методом динамического канально-углового прессования и последующего отжига на структурные изменения, прочностные свойства и электропроводность дисперсионно-твердеющих сплавов Cu–Zr, Cu–Cr и Cu–Cr–Zr. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Структура» № АААА-А18–118020190116–6 и проекта № 18–10–2-39 программы УрО РАН.

Предложено оценивать параметры механических свойств поверхностного слоя рабочих элементов из поликристаллических сверхтвердых композитов на основе кубического нитрида бора режущих инструмент по результатам анализа сканограмм, полученных методом склерометрирования. Представлено теоретическое обоснование метода и рассмотрены термодинамические показатели механических свойств поверхностного слоя – величину активационного барьера запуска процесса производства энтропии и способность к производству энтропии при приложении дозированного воздействия. Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований работоспособности режущих инструментов из сверхтвердых композитов, полученные при точении закаленных сталей, подтверждающие теоретические выкладки., It was proposed to evaluate the parameters of surface layer’s mechanical properties of the working elements of the cuttingtools from polycrystalline superhard composites based on cubic boron nitride on the basis of the results of scratch tests. The theoretical rationale of the method was represented and the thermodynamical indicators of mechanical properties of surface layer (the value of the activation barrier of the entropy production start and its production ability when dozed impact was applied) were considered. There were showed the results of the experimental researches of the working capability of the cutting tools from superhard composites, obtained then machining the hardened steels which affirm the theoretical calculation.

Objective: to monitor the efficacy of transurethral resection (TUR) of a urinary bladder tumor, which has performed under the standard conditions and by using fluorescence cystoscopy (FCS), to diagnose early bladder cancer (BC), and to determine tumor aggression and prognosis of the disease.Subjects and methods. 174 BC patients, who had undergone 4-6 weeks postoperatively re-endoscopy comprising routine cystoscopy (CS), FCS, and TUR biopsy of a postoperative scar area and fluorescent portions, were examined. Group 1 included 95 patients who had under- gone routine TUR; Group 2 consisted of 79 patients in whom TUR had performed under fluorescence guidance. Results. Re-endoscopy revealed fluorescence portions in 56 (58.9%) patients in Group 1 and in 28 (35.4%) in Group 2. Endothelial tumors were found in 45 (47.4%) patients from Group 1 and in 19 (24.1%) from Group 2. In the latter, residual tumors were less frequently observed than those in Group 1 (24.1 and 47.4%, respectively; p < 0.005). Control endoscopic study of Tis identified in 15 (15.8%) of the 95 examinees in Group 1 and only in 4 (5.1%) of 79 in Group 2 (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the frequency of residual tumors (Ta stage) in Groups 1 and 2 patients (16.8 and 8.9%; p < 0.005). The differences in the frequency of residual papillary tumors at T1 stage were also significant in the analyzed groups (10.5 and 6.3%, respectively; p < 0.05). At the same time, the difference was insignificant in the incidence of a recurrence at T2 stage. Amongst 27 Group 1 patients with multiple urinary bladder involvement, residual tumors were identified in 14 (51.9%); these were present only in 4 (18.2%) of 22 patients from Group 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Early repeated CS and biopsy under fluorescence guidance should be recommended to patients with BC at stages Tis and Ta— T1 for the timely detection and removal of residual tumors and for the prevention of recurrences.

Background. The advantage of our proposed therapy technique is to transit from the photodynamic diagnosis stage to effective therapeutic exposure (photodynamic therapy (PDT)) during one intervention.Objective: to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the novel treatment option for superficial bladder carcinoma (BC).Subjects and methods. The study enrolled 18 patients aged 66 ± 5 years (range 60−75 years) with superficial BC. A photosensitizer (photoditazine, Veta-Grand, Russia) was intravesically injected in a dose of 10 mg in 20 ml of saline solution 2 hours before intervention. Endoscopy was carried out on Storz PDT equipment with a monochrome light source at a wavelength of 402 nm, which corresponded to the maximum absorption spectrum for the molecule of photoditazine. The procedure was started with the PDT stage during which damaged bladder mucosal areas were found. Then there was transurethral resection of detected papillary masses and fluorescent areas with well-defined outlines. The fluorescent areas with ill-defined outlines underwent targeted light exposure at a wavelength of 402 nm for 5–10 min. The total light exposure of the bladder mucosa during the entire procedure was at least 30 min. The above procedure was performed in the patients at their inclusion into the study, then 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 months later. The rates of complete tumor regression and adverse events were estimated during the study.Results. Multifocal bladder mucosa lesion with invasion grades Ta, T1, Tis was detectable in all the patients at their inclusion into the study. Complete tumor regression was noted in 13 (72 %), 15 (83 %), and 17 (94 %) patients 1, 4, and 7 months after initiation of treatment, respectively. Following 10 and 13 months, no tumor tissue was found in the biopsy specimens from any patients. There were no evident local and systemic toxic reactions, including skin photosensitization.Conclusions. The proposed technique versus the traditional treatments for superficial BC is advantageous in its high antitumor selectivity and the absence of obvious local and systemic toxic reactions (so in the possibility of multiple repetitions of a treatment procedure), and a complementary combination of photodynamic diagnosis and therapeutic exposure (PDT) during one procedure. Our proposed technique is a promising treatment for superficial BC, including carcinoma in situ.

Background. How to derive urine is stemmed from removal of the bladder and from the necessity of its disengaging from the process of urination. Most surgeons prefer to do incontinent urine derivation in elderly and senile patients.Subjects and methods. In 2007 to 2009, the Leningrad Regional Oncology Dispensary treated 103 patients with diseases requiring the bladder be removed. All these patients underwent cystectomy as an independent operation or one of the surgical stages, followed by incontinent urine derivation described by Bricker. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) Bricker-type end-to-side ureteroileal anastomosis; 2) Wallace-type one. Group 1 comprised 50 patients: 37 (74 %) women and 13 (26 %) men; Group 2 included 53 patients: 48 (90.6 %) women and 5 (9.6 %) men. These were elderly and senile patients aged 60 to 79 years (mean age 65 ± 3.71).Results. In Group 1, 36 (72 %) patients were preoperatively diagnosed as having hydroureteronephrosis (HUN). Of them, 23 (64%) patients underwent preoperative percutaneous puncture nephrostomy (PPN). In Group 2, HUN was diagnosed in 43 (81 %) patients; of them 27 (63 %) had PPN. Complications and resurgeries were more common in Group 1 (p < 0.001). In Group 2, there were a larger number of cases of incompetence of the ureteroileal anastomosis. This complication required no surgical correction, but a longer drainage standing.Conclusion. The Bricker operation is the safest urine derivation in elderly and senile patients after surgery involving cystectomy. Wallacetype ureteroileal anastomosis during the Bricker operation is accompanied by a considerable reduction in the number of early and late postoperative complications and resurgeries. Wallace-type ureteroileal anastomosis is considered the method of choice in cancer patients.