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Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a stereotypical hyperactivity of the masseter characterized by clenching and grinding of the teeth. Etiopathology of bruxism still remains unclear, is one of the least known dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system. However, a lot of research have shown the correlation between stress and bruxism.The aim of the study: Paying attention to the correlation between the occurrence of stress and the presence of bruxism in the population.Material and method: The research was done by the usage of the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topic of: bruxism; stress; epidemiology; characteristic; psychotherapy;Description of the state of knowledge: Psychosocial factors such as state anxiety and trait anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived stress are as important as somatic causes in the occurrence and maintenance of bruxism. Impact of stress is especially noticeable during research conducted on students. Management of bruxism should embrace dental, pharmacological and psychobehavioural procedures. It requires a wider analysis in the aspect of concomitant disorders. The involvement of different specialists is required.Summary: We can undoubtedly say that stress is an inherent condition that accompanies us in everyday life. However, it is important to pay attention to its coexistence with bruxism and its harmful effect not only on organs such as the heart or stomach, but also the stomatognathic system - which is confirmed by many studies. However, the multidimensionality and complexity of the etiology of bruxism require further considerations and research.

Introduction: There are similarities in the level of cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and depression. That is why, during usage of Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) which modulate the the level of cytokines may influence both depression and RA The aim of the study: The aim of this article is to find out in what way do the DMARDs influence the depression. Material and method: The research of the scientific articles was made on a database of PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: The results show, that most of the DMARDs may decrease the level of depression what is connected with the way of how these medicines influence the level of cytokinese. There are some exceptions such as Chloroquine and anakinra which will increase the probability of depression and there is adalimumab where the is case report which presents one case of appearance of depression after taking this medicine. Summary: This article gathers scientific research on the influence of DMARDs on depression. It shows the mechanisms, and possible ways in which these medicins influence both RA and depression. For some of the DMARDs there are no scientific articles which would include their influence on depression and it might be the way of further researches.

Introduction: Some people try to treat psychiatric diseases such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and anxiety by practising some diets. But do they even work and have any scientific confirmation? The aim of the study: The aim of this study is to find out the relationship and influence of the diet on psychiatric diseases such as ADHD, depression and anxiety. Material and method: The research of the scientific articles was made on a database of PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: The results indicate that the lack of some nutrients such as vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, E, folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium, iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and chrome may increase the risk of having depression symptoms. Unhealthy diet full of trans fats, red meat and lacking of fruit and vegetables may also lead to depression. Similar results were find due to the anxiety level and the diet. When it comes to ADHD, children with this disease had lower level of vitamins B12, B6, D and folic acids. Among the newly diagnosed celiac disease people, the majority showed ADHD symptoms. After the introduction of the gluten-free diet, the symptoms of the disease subsided. Summary: The results show the huge influence of the diet on the diseases such as depression, anxiety and ADHD

Introduction: Many sources list a number of properties of vitamin D on human health. It seems that the benefits of using this vitamin include not only the regulation of the calcium-phosphate metabolism, but also a number of other applications, also in human mental health.The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to research about the influence of vitamin D on the mental health. The research was done on the problems such as depression, anxiety, psychoses, stress, mood and emotions. Material and method: The literature was found using websites such as PubMed or Google Scholar was used to develop this work.Description of the state of knowledge: A number of studies have confirmed that vitamin D can have a significant impact on reducing the level of depression. One example of a study on this topic is that high vitamin D supplementation in women in early pregnancy can protect them from late depression during the last weeks of pregnancy. Likewise, adequate vitamin D supplementation in older people can improve mental health and reduce the likelihood of depression and Seasonal Mood Disorder (SAD). In addition, vitamin D can reduce the probability of psychosis or anxiety disorders.Summary: Many sources report a positive correlation between vitamin D supply and mental health. Often the differences are also noticeable, but not statistically significant. This work sometimes shows divergent views of scientists, which is important to continue research into the effects of vitamin D on mental health in humans.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that affects 10-20% of people who will experience a serious mental injury in their lives. Soldiers are one of the most vulnerable social groups to develop PTSD as they reach several factors which may induce the PTSD. The aim of the study: The purpose of this work was to find literature on PTSD among people in the military service. Material and method: Literature has been found and selected among articles found in the websides such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: Literature describes both - factors predisposing to PTSD, and describtions of numerous methods of therapy for soldiers such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and Exposure Therapy. In addition, the literature provides many innovative methods to help combat the PTSD. It is important not only to inform the soldier about the therapy, but also to enable him to undergo it regularly. It is worth mentioning, for example, video to home - VTH, which is an extension of Exposure Therapy. Thanks to it, even if someone for some reason cannot participate in therapy in the place where it takes place, it can be done at home without fear of getting to the therapy. Summary: There are many methods of PTSD therapy. In addition to pharmacological, psychotherapy is very important. Soldiers should undergo these therapies and should be encouraged to complete cycles so that they can feel the effects of the therapy.

Introduction: There is common statement, that schizophrenia patients are more likely to smoke comparing to the total world population. The aim of the study: The aim of this article is to find out why do schizophrenic patients smoke, how does it affect them and what can be the cause of susceptibility to smoking. Material and method: The research of the scientific articles was made on a database of PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: Many different associations were found during the research such as these describing that patients with schizophrenia have up to two to five times higher risk of developing type II diabetes. Also patients with diagnosed schizophrenia are characterized by low neuronal activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. In post mortem studies in schizophrenic patients a decrease in the number of M1 and M2 receptors in the brain was found, mainly in the dorsal lateral part of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cingulate cortex, and decreased number of nicotinic receptors in the hippocampus, thalamus, cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex The key process of undergoing of nicotine is the induction of the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme (CYP 1A2), thus increasing the metabolism of antipsychotic therapeutics, e.g. olanzapine, clozapine what explain why usage of nicotine is told to be self-treatment in schizophrenic people. Summary: This article gathers scientific research on the relationship between schizophrenia and susceptibility among patients to smoking addiction and its impact on both mental and physical health. However, not all mechanisms are known yet.

Introduction: There is common statement, that schizophrenia patients are more likely to smoke comparing to the total world population. The aim of the study: The aim of this article is to find out why do schizophrenic patients smoke, how does it affect them and what can be the cause of susceptibility to smoking. Material and method: The research of the scientific articles was made on a database of PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: Many different associations were found during the research such as these describing that patients with schizophrenia have up to two to five times higher risk of developing type II diabetes. Also patients with diagnosed schizophrenia are characterized by low neuronal activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. In post mortem studies in schizophrenic patients a decrease in the number of M1 and M2 receptors in the brain was found, mainly in the dorsal lateral part of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cingulate cortex, and decreased number of nicotinic receptors in the hippocampus, thalamus, cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex The key process of undergoing of nicotine is the induction of the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme (CYP 1A2), thus increasing the metabolism of antipsychotic therapeutics, e.g. olanzapine, clozapine what explain why usage of nicotine is told to be self-treatment in schizophrenic people. Summary: This article gathers scientific research on the relationship between schizophrenia and susceptibility among patients to smoking addiction and its impact on both mental and physical health. However, not all mechanisms are known yet.