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The article analyzes resilience factors of tight oil and gas production in the USA. The US is the only country in the world that currently produces shale hydrocarbons on a commercial scale, though other petroleum states try to emulate their success in this sphere. The American shale revolution became possible due to a massive application of hydrofracking in combination with horizontal drilling to produce tight oil and gas. Therefore, the mighty technological potential of the American petroleum sector became the key success factor of the US shale revolution. However, technological breakthroughs are necessary, but not sufficient for ensuring a stable development of the shale industry. Of particular importance is the institutional framework of the US shale sector that is characterized by an efficient system of subsurface use, a powerful financial and industrial base, a long-term strategy of the state support for R&D, a reasonable fiscal policy, a transparent regulation, as well as a competitive and diversified structure of the shale sector. This unique combination of factors will be extremely difficult to replicate in other countries. When constructing long-term scenarios of oil and gas production, the US Energy Information Administration proceeds from the key assumptions of resource availability and rates of improving production technologies. The analysis of the shale phenomenon permits to conclude that these two factors are interconnected – the continuous technological progress of the sector ensures the enhanced oil and gas recovery ratio. As a result, the production growth is accompanied by the growth of resource availability. The limits to this trend are not visible yet, and, therefore, it means that the upside potential of shale production is not exhausted.

Relevance. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is awell-known signalling molecule that is involved in the regulation of awide range of cellular functions in both health and disease. Its biological effects in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated. It is apromising pharmacological target for the correction of MetS and associated diseases.The aimof this study is to investigate the role of endogenously produced H2S in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in experimental Met S.Materials and Methods. Ahigh-fat and high-carbohydrate diet was used to induce MS in male Wistar rats. The body and adipose tissue weights of the animals were determined. The animals body and adipose tissue weights were measured. Indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the blood serum were determined with the use of reagent kits. Additionally, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were analyzed in adipose tissue through photometric analysis. The concentration of H2S in blood serum and adipose tissue, as well as H2S production by adipocytes, was measured spectrophotometrically.Results and Discussion. H2S concentrations in blood serum, adipose tissue and adipocyte H2S production were found to decrease in animals with hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Additionally, anegative correlation was observed between the H2S content and production in the adipose tissue of rats with the mass of visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, anegative relationship was found between the concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, ROS and the level of H2S in blood serum and adipose tissue. In contrast, the increase in glutathione (GSH) in adipocytes was directly correlated with the increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in serum and adipose tissue cells.Conclusions. The regulatory effect of H2S on target cell function has been extensively studied. However, its role in the development and progression of MetS remains unclear. Our work demonstrates that under conditions of metabolic pathology, there is adecrease in the serum concentration of H2S and its production in adipose tissue. This decrease correlates with the development of obesity, hyperglycemia, insulinemia, leptinemia, and redox imbalance.

Relevance.The search for new methods of effective therapy for traumatic brain injury is one of the important tasks of modern biomedicine. One promising approach for treating traumatic brain injury is cell therapy. The aim of the work is to study the therapeutic effect of glial progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stromal cells in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury.Materials and Methods.Modeling of traumatic brain injury was carried out on mature male Wistar rats. The therapeutic group was administered asingle dose of 750*103cells/ml glial progenitor cells with avolume of 1 ml, and the control group — 1 ml of phosphate-­buffered saline. Administration was carried out intra-­arterially 24 hours after injury. To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness, an MRI study was performed on the 14th day, as well as alimb-placing test on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Histological examination was carried out on days 1, 3 and 7 after administration to assess the migration and distribution of stained cells (concentration 750*103cells/ml) by lipophilic dye PKH26 (Sigma, USA) at the rat’s brain tissues after traumatic brain injury. Measurements of injury volume and counts of PKH26-stained cells were performed using ImageJ software (Wayne Rasband, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 8.2.0 program (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA).Results and Discussion.Administration of GPCs led to decreasing the damage volume. Significant decrease in sensorimotor deficit was observed on days 3, 7 and 14 after injury compared with the control group. Intra-arterial administration resulted in successful delivery of glial progenitor cells to brain tissue. Cells were detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum on day 1, and were not observed on days 3 and 7 after administration.Conclusion.Intra-arterial administration of GPCs leads to efficient migration of cells into brain tissue. Glial progenitor cells therapy promotes neurorecovery processes after traumatic brain injury. This therapy is apromising treatment for traumatic brain injury.

Introduction. The essence of the acoustic – cavitation processes is that the liquid is passed through sound with a pressure at the wave surface of more than 3 bar that causes local breaks of the liquid in the vacuum phase of the wave and the collapse in the manometric phase. The opposite walls of each cavern in the collapse approach at a speed exceeding two speed of sound, due to which a high energy density is achieved at the meeting point, and what is especially valuable is the mutual transitions of energies from one form to another, unattainable under normal conditions, and, moreover, as inside cavitation area and near it. The novelty of the work is confirmed by the results of a periodic information and patent analysis, and by four patents received for inventions on the topic under consideration. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at improving the acoustic-cavitation qualities of a disk-shaped vortex chamber used as a liquid whistle. Materials and Methods. In the study, there were used numerical modeling of flows in the FlowVision program, experimental determination of flow rates using a pitot tube, film method, removal of frequency response using SpectraPLUS 5.0, and visualization of flows and processes on optically transparent devices by the method of color indicators in stroboscopic lighting high-speed video shooting. Results. The mechanism of sound generation and noise in the flow transiting through the device has been found. The corrective effect of pump pulsations f = 300 Hz on the sound generation mechanism was revealed. The disc-shaped character of the device, which encloses the input flow in cross section from three directions, contributes to creating a more expressive acoustic signal, forming two conjugate torus vortices along the shell that ensures uniformity of the circumferential flow, attenuation of longitudinal high-frequency oscillations f = 200 kHz, and the creation of periodic zones of increased pressure along the shell. The concentrated tangential entrance to the device determines the central asymmetry of the flows in it and a number of processes that create acoustic noise. Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of the useful acoustic signal in the vortex chamber is proportional to the speed of the transit flow, and the amplitude is proportional to the dimensions of the device. Along with the useful signal created by the interaction of the peripheral and input parts of the transit flow, noise of similar frequencies is created in the device. Other sources of noise generation are due to the presence of a concentrated tangential input. The formation of two conjugate torus vortices along the shell can be used as a means of controlling the process of interaction between parts of the transit flow. The disc-shaped vortex chamber combines the functions of sound generation and the ability to create a centrifugal field, which expands its technological capabilities.

Rationale: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent oncological diseases with high mortality. Invasive optical (endoscopic) colono- scopy has been recognized as a golden standard for the CRC diagnostics. A promising area is the development of non-invasive tools for CRC diagnosis with circular RNA (circRNA). One of the most sensitive non-invasive tools for detection of cancer RNA markers is considered to be the biosensor methods with the use of nanowire chips with oDNA probes (fragments of DNA oligonucleotides) immobilized on their surface. It has been previously shown that circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1 are associated with CRC. Aim: To determine the lower limit of concentration sensitivity of detection of CRC-associated circRNA with nanowire chips with immobilized oDNA probes, to demonstrate the usability of these chips for non-invasive detection of circRNA in plasma in the CRC diagnostics, and to establish the potential for the use of nanowire chips for the early CRC diagnosis. Methods: To ensure biospecific binding of the circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1 (the CRC markers), oDNA probes with the nucleotide sequences complementary to the target circRNA have been immobilized on the nanowire surface. At the study step 1, we detected the lower concentration limit for detection of the target molecules with the use of their analogues, i.e. synthetic model oDNA with the nucleotide sequences complementary to oDNA probes. At the study step 2, we used the nanowire chips with immobilized oDNA probes to detect the circRNA in plasma of the patients with confirmed CRC. Plasma samples from non-cancer patients were used as controls. Results: The lower concentration limit for the detection of DNA analogues of the circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1 with nanowire chips with oDNA probes was 10-16 М. The analysis of total RNA isolated from plasma of the CRC patients showed a significant increase in the signal from the sensory elements of the nanowire chip. The analysis of plasma samples from the non-cancer patients, the nanowire signal changes were non-significant indicating the absence of detectable concentrations of the circRNA in plasma of the non-cancer patients. Conclusion: We have identified the minimal detectable concentration of the circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1, associated to the development of CRC, with nanowire chips with immobilized oDNA probes: it was 10-16 М. The experiment showed the usability of such nanowire chips for non-invasive detection of the given circRNA markers in total RNA samples isolated from plasma of CRC patients.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of slowly progressing tumors from neuroendocrine cells able to secrete biologically active substances. The most striking clinical manifestation of functioning NETs is the carcinoid syndrome, which is caused by serotonin overproduction and is most often associated with hot flashes, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety spectrum disorders in NETs patients can amount to 30–50%. The development of depressive and anxiety spectrum disorders in NETs can occur both through a nosogenic mechanism facilitated by a long pre-diagnostic stage, the presence of a serious disease with severe somatic symptoms and resulting significant decrease in quality of life. The mental disorders may be a result of somatogenic factors, which include an imbalance of significant mediators in the central nervous system (in particular, serotonin), as well as chronic inflammation and abnormalities of the body's immune defense. In the treatment of patients with NETs and verified anxiety and depressive disorders, special attention is paid to the safety of prescribing the first-line therapy, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The side effects of these agents are related to the activity of serotonin receptor agonists in the gut, which results in diarrhea and increased gastrointestinal motility, the symptoms similar to the carcinoid syndrome manifestations. The accumulated evidence allows concluding on the relative safety of serotoninergic antidepressants in NETs patients, but does not exclude some groups of patients with an increased risk of complications related to an additional effect on serotonin metabolism. Current knowledge on the prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment of depressive and anxiety spectrum disorders, comorbid to NETs, are limited and contradictory. Therefore, further studies with a larger patient samples are required to identify key factors of the pathophysiology and manifestation of mental disorders in NETs patients, which would generally facilitate the optimization of their treatment.

A diverse fish assemblage was reported from the Mazalovskiy Kitat and Alchedat beds (Givetian, Middle Devonian) of the Kuznetsk Basin (Siberia, Russia). Ptyctodontid and acanthothoracid placoderms; chondrichthyans such as the phoedodontiforms Phoebodus fastigatus and Ph. sophiae, the omalodontiform Omalodus grabaui, the cladodontomorph Cladodoides, euselachian Protacrodus, “Ohiolepis, and “Cladolepis”; Cheiracanthoides and acanthodiform acanthodians; actinopterygian Moythomasia; and struniiform sarcopterygians occur in the assemblage. The teeth of phoebodontiforms and omalodontiform are dominant among the fish microremains. The assemblage contains widely distributed taxa. The occurrences of Cladodoides and Protacrodus in the Givetian of Kuznetsk Basin are the oldest in the world.

The article is devoted to the foreign policy views of Prince Vladimir P. Meshchersky (1839–1914), a famous Russian conservative political writer. Three articles by Meshchersky are introduced into scientific circulation. They were published on the eve of the First World War in the Vienna newspaper Neue Freie Presse and aimed at changing public opinion in Austria-Hungary regarding the foreign policy of the Russian emperor. Wishing to prevent the impending military conflict with Germany and Austria-Hungary, the prince sought to convince readers of the influential Vienna newspaper of the indifference of a significant part of Russian society to the Balkan issue, the absence of Germanophobia among most representatives of the Russian elite, and peacefulness of the tsar and the Russian Foreign Ministry. Laying the main blame for the aggravation of Russo-German relations on the nationalist-minded press, which formed the public opinion of European countries, as well as on the adventurism of Balkan politicians, Meshchersky called on Vienna and Berlin to be reasonable, convincing them that an alliance between Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey should be the guarantor of European peace and the pacification of the Balkans. It is shown that the series of articles by Meshchersky, published in German a few months before the outbreak of World War I, largely coincided with the theses of the famous P. Durnovo Memorandum as well as with the views of a significant part of the Russian right-wingers of the early 20th century who opposed the aggravation of relations with Germany and Austria-Hungary over the Balkan issue and preferred good-neighborly relations with these countries. Meshchersky’s articles are also of undoubted interest as one of the latest attempts by the Russian conservative camp to change the foreign policy course taken by St Petersburg, Berlin, and Vienna. Meshchersky’s publications in the Austrian press are interesting for many valuable observations and are a vivid illustration of the pre-war sentiments of the part of Russian society that made desperate attempts to prevent Russia from being drawn into conflict with continental European monarchies on the eve of the war.

Background. In recent decades, practical psychology has been rapidly developing in the country. The market offers a wide variety of psychological services, while the problem of psychological security, distinguishing scientifically based practices from harmful influences, becomes especially relevant. This article is devoted to the scientific justification of counseling and coaching as types of socio-psychological assistance. Objective. The goal is to analyze and correlate the theoretical foundations and practice of psychological counseling and coaching. The article is aimed at studying the origins of these areas of practice and identifying the subject matter, goals and features of technologies of socio-psychological counseling and socio-psychological coaching. Results. Socio-psychological counseling and coaching are defined as professional activities aimed at helping a client solve his personal, interpersonal, group and organizational problems based on personal and social resources. The purpose of socio-psychological counseling is to increase the effectiveness of the client's interaction with oneself, with the environment and organizations. The purpose of socio-psychological coaching is to create effective ways to resolve subjectively significant situations of social interaction that lead to positive changes in the client's life and personality. Socio-psychological counseling and coaching allow one to help the client by developing socio-psychological competence. Conclusions. Socio-psychological counseling and socio-psychological coaching have their own subject, theoretical and methodological basis and represent types of psychological practice. Developing and borrowing methods and fields of application from each other, consulting and coaching are increasingly converging, sometimes to the point of blurring the differences completely. In the market of psychological services, counseling and coaching exist as separate professions and act as different services for clients.

Computer systems (CS) security has become a very critical concern that needs the attention of researchers to ensure the information protection and cyber security. This article provides an overview of the state of the art in cyber security, challenges, and global trends of CS security. A promising direction in solving information security problems is the use of stochastic methods based on the use of pseudo-random number generators (PRNG), the result of which is the introduction of unpredictability into the operation of CS and their elements. Examples of using stochastic methods for protection and attack are considered. Examples of information security technologies based on the use of PRNG in the development of software and hardware are given. Attention is drawn to the emergence of new mechanisms for carrying out attacks on CS based on code reuse and, accordingly, new methods of protection against such attacks. The idea of creating a stochastic computer is substantiated, and presented the possible strategies and approaches.

A heuristic approach to optimization of complex physicochemical processes in the form of a genetic algorithm for solving problems is presented. In comparison with other evolutionary methods, the genetic algorithm allows working with large search spaces and complex evaluation functions, which is especially important in the study of multifactor physicochemical systems. Due to the relatively high need for computing resources when working with large and complex search spaces, optimization of existing calculation organization schemes has a positive effect on the accuracy of the calculated results. The paper presents a modified genetic algorithm that minimizes the number of iterations to achieve a given accuracy when solving the problem of finding the optimal composition of the initial reaction mixture. For a complex physicochemical process, an optimization problem is formulated which consists in finding the composition of the initial reaction mixture that promotes maximization (or minimization) of a given target parameter. The optimality criterion is determined by the type of the problem being solved and, when organizing calculations, is focused on the maximum yield of the target product. The main steps of implementing the genetic algorithm include creating an initial set of solutions and subsequent iterative evaluation of their quality for subsequent combination and modification until optimal values are achieved using mechanisms similar to biological evolution. To improve the efficiency of the method and reduce the number of iterations, a modification of the genetic algorithm is proposed which boils down to a dynamic estimate of the “mutation” parameter, depending on the diversity of individuals in the formed population of solutions. In a series of computational experiments, an analysis was made of the influence of the genetic algorithm parameters on the accuracy and efficiency of solving the problem using the example of studying the kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten enzymatic reaction. The results of calculations to determine the optimal composition of the reaction mixture showed that the dynamic determination of the “mutation” parameter contributes to an increase in the accuracy of the problem solution and a multiple decrease in the relative error value reaching 0.77 % when performing 200 iterations and 0.21 % when performing 400 iterations. The presented modified approach to solving the optimization problem is not limited by the type and content of the studied physicochemical process. The calculations performed showed a high degree of influence of the “mutation” parameter on the accuracy and efficiency of the problem solution, and dynamic control of the value of this parameter allowed increasing the speed of the genetic algorithm and reduce the number of iterations to achieve an optimal solution of a given accuracy. This is especially relevant in the study of multifactorial systems when the influence of parameters is non-trivial.

Preoperative planning of surgical treatment is an important stage of preparation for surgical treatment in traumatology and orthopaedics, which makes it possible to emphasise the peculiarities of the clinical case, prevent possible problems during surgery and reduce the risks of postoperative complications. The leading method of diagnostics for further planning of surgical treatment nowadays is radiological studies, primarily radiography and computed tomography. The results of radiological studies allow a sufficiently qualitative assessment of the zone of interest, planning of the required degree of correction and placement of fixing metal structures and endoprostheses. At the same time, when planning, the doctor relies mostly on the knowledge of the norms of anatomical relations and structures. And in the case of a multitude of possible treatment options, the doctor relies on his or her own medical experience to make a choice. This article presents a developed generalising methodology of preoperative planning in traumatology-orthopaedics, which includes biomechanical analysis and methods of accumulation and processing of quantitative data of clinical cases along with the usual methods of preoperative planning for doctors. The methodology brings together into a single system the criteria for evaluating the success of treatment by applying three classes of criteria: geometric (anatomical), biomechanical and clinical. The methodology allows the physician to perform biomechanical modelling of the proposed treatment options and quantitatively evaluate them on the basis of comparison of stress-strain states arising in the «bone-implant» system as a result of each of the planned options. The methodology allows to determine successful treatment options and to predict changes in the patient's quality of life after treatment. The presented methodology includes a mechanism for accumulation of quantitative data on clinical cases and quality control of the used biomechanical models.

COVID-19 is characterized by various adverse consequences and complications, the prevention of which affects the outcome of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the thrombohemorrhagic events of COVID-19 infection. Material and methods. This study involved 403 patients with novel coronavirus infection; the patients were divided into 2 groups: 75 with COVID-19 complications and 328 patients without complications. Metabolic disorders, features of lung damage, comorbidity, signs of inflammation and coagulation, treatment outcomes, peculiarities of thrombotic events and hemorrhages development were studied. Results and its discussion. Thrombohemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 occurred mostly in patients with angina pectoris, coronary artery sclerosis and chronic heart failure of functional class II–III, as well as decompensated diabetes mellitus and obesity. These coronavirus infection effects are often accompanied by an increase in content of inflammatory markers such as CRP and ferritin, as well as of hypercoagulability (D-dimers). Conclusions. Manifestations of inflammatory coagulopathy in patients infected by COVID-19 increases risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications.

The sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) have most significantly affected high-tech sectors of the economy. In these conditions, it is necessary to solve a number of problems, including import substitution, the transition to the Industry 4.0 concept and low-carbon production and consumption. The need of participation in solving these problems is substantiated not only for large, but also for small and medium-sized businesses (hereinafter referred to as SMB). The current state and prospects for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SME) in Russia are analysed. The article emphasises the discrepancy between the modern state of the domestic SME and its potential capabilities , in particular the insufficient participation of this business in production activities. The problems of SMB and its risks related to the current geopolitical situation are indicated. Ways of overcoming similar problems in other countries experiencing sanctions pressure, as well as the efforts of the RF to minimise losses of the Russian SMB, are shown. It is noted that the implementation of the national project “Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative” does not solve all the problems of the SME. As promising areas for the SMB development, it is proposed to strengthen its cooperation with big business, modify the “Grow a Supplier” programme, and intensify work on targeted training of personnel for subjects of small and medium-sized manufacturing entrepreneurship in the country’s universities with participation of the big business. The ways to ensure the sustainability of the domestic manufacturing business, possible in modern conditions, are considered.

Veziculele extracelulare (EV) sunt o familie de particule/vezicule prezente în sânge și fluide corporale, delimitate de un strat dublu lipidic și care nu se pot replica, adică nu conțin un nucleu functional. Acestea poartă o varietate de molecule importante în medierea comunicării celulare, modulând astfel procese celulare cruciale, cum ar fi homeostazia, inducerea/ atenuarea inflamației și promovarea reparației. [1]Existența lor, suspectată inițial în 1946 și confirmată în 1967, a determinat o creștere bruscă a numărului de publicații științifice, a interesului pentru EV și aplicațiile lor potențiale în înțelegerea mecanismelor care stau la baza diferitelor boli, cum ar fi cancerul, bolile cardiovasculare, metabolice, neurologice și infecțioase, printre altele, care au dezvăluit un rol pentru EV ca biomarkeri candidați promițători pentru diagnostic, prognostic și chiar instrumente terapeutice, în bolile cardiovasculare (CV) și alte boli [2].Populația veziculelor derivate din trombocite (pEV) este cea mai mare printre alte tipuri de EV din circulație.Caracteristicile fizice ale membranei celulare și încărcătura biologică definesc rolul pivot al veziculelor derivate din trombocite în patogeneza bolilor cardiovasculare (CV).pEV-urile sunt, așadar, jucători cheie în mediarea reacțiilor inflamatorii și de coagulare care implică endoteliul, trombocitele, celulele musculare netede și celulele inflamatorii și contribuie astfel la dezvoltarea aterosclerozei și angiogenezei, dereglării microcirculației coronariene în contiguitate cu disfuncția endotelială [3]. În plus, EV joacă un rol esențial în repararea țesuturilor, angiogeneză și neovascularizare prin cascade de semnalizare intracelulară. De fapt, EV-urile mediază semnale autocrine și paracrine care sunt capabile să reconstruiască micro-mediul homeostatic din inimă și vase [4].Această revizuire își propune să ofere o scurtă privire de ansamblu asupra biogenezei, caracteristicilor microparticulelor plachetare cu un accent special pe implicarea lor în bolile cardiovasculare, dar, mai ales, pe legătura dintre tromboză, disfuncție endoteliala și inflamație. Tot aici trecem în revistă experimentele timpurii, rezumăm constatările cheie care au propulsat domeniul, descriem creșterea unei comunități organizate de EV și discutăm starea actuală a domeniului.

Цель. Изучение функциональных особенностей изолированного сердца при постинфарктном ремоделировании миокарда с целью выявления компенсаторных и декомпенсаторных патогенетических механизмов сердечной недостаточности (СН). Материал и методы. Инфаркт миокарда был воспроизведен у белых лабораторных крыс при двукратном введении изопротеренола (ИИМ). Функциональный статус левого желудочка (ЛЖ) изолированного сердца оценивали в конце модели (исходно) и через 4 недели (период становления ремоделирования миокарда), определив при этом инотропизм миокарда при действии эндотелина 1 (ET-1), в том числе на фоне нагрузок обьёмом и давлением, толерантность к ишемии и реперфузии, а также коронарную реактивность на действие различных стимулов (ацетилхолин, брадикинин, аденозин, эпоксиэйкозатриены). Результаты. Постинфарктное ремоделирование миокарда сопровождалось реверсией отрицательного инотропного эффекта сердца на действие EТ-1 в положительный ответ, что сочеталось повышением систолического давления ЛЖ и минутного обьёма до 10%. Этот положительный эффект был выявлен наряду с увеличением значения -dP/dTmax и +dP/dTmax, показателей изоволюмического расслабления и сокращениясердца, до 9,3%, что привело к улучшению гетеро- и гомеометрической регуляции сердца и оптимизации адаптации сердца к гемодинамическим нагрузкам, в том числе на фоне премедикации EТ-1. Выявлено также улучшение эндотелий зависимой коронарной реактивности, в результате чего функциональный коронарный резерв увеличивался до 43% под действием ацетилхолина, аденозина и брадикинина. Примечательно, что на фоне постинфарктного ремоделирования миокарда снижается коронарнодилатирующий эффект брадикинина опосредованного рецепторами В1 и увеличивается эффект эндотелиальных В2-рецепторов. В то же время обнаружено повышение толерантности миокарда к ишемии (30 мин) и реперфузии (45 мин), вследствие чего величина конечно-диастолического давления ЛЖ была достоверно ниже показателя ИИМ.Выводы. 1. Связь функционального статуса сердца с постинфарктном ремоделированием миокарда характеризуется улучшением инотропизма миокарда и появлением положительного ответа на действие ЕТ-1, проявляющегося увеличением систолического давления и минутного обьёма ЛЖ. 2. Положительный инотропный эффект сопровождался увеличением скорости изоволюмического расслабления и сокращения сердца, что приводило к улучшению гомеометрической регуляции и адаптации сердца к нагрузке сопротивлением. 3. Важным патофизиологическим маркером постинфарктной СН является преобладание коронарнодилатирующего эффект брадикинина, опосредованного В1-рецепторами, при том, как преобладание коронарнодилатирующего эффект брадикинина, опосредованного В2-рецепторами, является предиктором положительного постинфарктного ремоделирования миокарда и улучшения течения СН.

O mare majoritate (până la 70%) dintre pacienții supuși angiografiei coronariene din cauza anginei și a semnelor de ischemie miocardică nu au artere coronare obstructive. Studiile efectuate în ultimele decenii au evidențiat că disfuncția coronariană microvasculară (DCM) și vasospasmul epicardic sunt mecanismele fiziopatologice de bază ale bolii coronariene cronice (BCC) non-obstructive, iar în funcție de mecanismul subiacent se diferențiază trei endotipuri clinice: angina microvasculară, vasospastică și mixtă. Este demonstrat că diagnosticul corect și tratamentul personalizat în funcție de endotipul BCC non-obstructive este asociat cu o calitate mai bună a vieții și un prognostic mai favorabil pe termen lung.Pacienții cu BCC non-obstructivă necesită un control la fel de bun al factorilor lor de risc cardiovascular ca și pacienții cu obstrucția arterelor coronare. Statinele și inhibitorii enzimei de conversie ai angiotensinei (IECA) au efecte benefice la majoritatea pacienților. Tratamentul anti-anginal de prima linie sunt betablocantele și/sau blocante ale canalelor de calciu, în funcție de mecanismul subiacent (disfuncție coronariană microvasculară sau vasospastică). Medicamentele de linia a doua sunt ivabradina, ranolazina și nicorandilul, iar inhibitorii de rho-kinaza și antagoniștii receptorilor de endotelină reprezintă potențiale medicamente pentru tratamentul pacienților cu BCC non-obstructivă în viitor.

Introducere. Deși în ultimele decenii s-au realizat progrese notabile în managementul pacienților cu infarct miocardic fără supradenivelarea segmentului ST (NSTEMI), rata mortalității intraspitalicești rămâne ridicată. Aceasta depinde de un șir de factori: demografici, antropometrici, temporali, socio-economici, etnici și altele. Astfel, decelarea unui algoritm de factori cu valoare predictivă asupra riscului mortalității intraspitalicești se anunță un reper important în contextul gestionării corespunzătoare a acestora. Scopul studiului a fost evaluarea factorilor de prognostic asociați cu moartea intraspitalicească la pacienții cu NSTEMI revascularizați prin intervenție coronariană percutană cu stent (PCI). Materiale și metode. În studiu observațional realizat în perioada 2020-2023 au fost incluși 550 de pacienți cu NSTEMI revascularizați prin PCI. În baza evidențelor clinice și paraclinice de la admitere (date demografice, factorii de risc cardiovascular, istoricul bolii cardiovasculare, comorbidități, prezentarea clinică, clasa Killip, date de laborator, electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma selectate din chestionarul de 180 de puncte) s-au selectat predictorii plauzibili ai mortalității în contextul estimării comparative a 2 loturi: primul - lotul celor decedați (n=23; 4,18%) și al doilea – lotul pacienților care au supraviețuit (n=527, 95,82%).Rezultate. Vârsta medie a pacienților decedați era de 71,39± 2,05 ani vs 66,24±0,45 ani, p71 ani, FCC peste 90 bătăi/min, insuficiența cardiacă avansată, valori majorate ale NT proBNP, creatinina crescută, Scorul GRACE peste 143 de puncte, raportul neutrofile-limfocite peste 6,607, precum și prezența comorbidități cum este boală obstructivă cronică pulmonară (BPCO).

Scop: Aprecierea ratei infarctului miocardic fără elevarea segmentului ST cu artere coronare non-obstructive (NSTE- MINOCA) și analiza comparativă a datelor clinice și de management cu infarctul miocardic fără elevarea segmentului ST cu artere coronare obstructive (NSTEMI-CAD). Material și metode: În studiu au fost incluși 494 pacienți cu diagnosticul de infarct miocardic fără supradenivelarea segmentului ST (NSTEMI). Pacienții au fost repartizați în 2 loturi de cercetare în funcție de prezența obstrucției pe arterele coronare: lotul I - 35 de pacienți cu infarct miocardic cu artere coronare non-obstructive (MINOCA) și lotul II - 459 de pacienți cu infarct miocardic cu artere coronare obstructive (MI-CAD). Rezultate: Rata MINOCA în lotul NSTEMI studiat a fost de 7.08%. Ponderea factorilor de risc: fumat, diabet zaharat (DZ), HTA a fost mai mare în lotul MI-CAD vs MINOCA. Markerii necrozei miocardice au avut valori crescute în MI- CAD vs MINOCA: troponina cantitativă - 8.58±0.89 vs 2.8 ±1.3, CK-MB 20.7 ±1.78 vs 13.97±2.6 ng/L, p

Introduction. There is evidence of a connection between infectious and inflammatory lesions of the lower urinary tract and bladder cancer (BCa). However, there is virtually no data on the urine microbiota of middle-aged and elderly men with suspected BCa. This knowledge is extremely important from the point of view of studying the role of the infectious-inflammatory hypothesis in the genesis of BCa.Objective. To conduct a comparative assessment of the microbiota of bladder urine obtained during natural urination and bladder catheterization through standard and extended cultural studies in men with a presumptive diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Materials & methods. The prospective comparative study with consecutive patient recruitment included 23 men older than 45 years with suspected NMIBC based on clinical, laboratory and sonographic data, as well as with no history of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, including sexually transmitted infections and recurrent infections of other organs and systems. A midstream urine samples and catheter-drained urine immediately before urethrocystoscopy were subjected to bacteriological analysis. Urine culture study was carried out using a standard set of nutrient media under aerobic cultivation conditions and an expanded set of nutrient media under aerobic and anaerobic cultivation conditions.Results. An anaerobic spectrum of microorganisms was predominantly detected in the urine of patients with suspected NMIBC. Moreover, Peptococcus spp. was more often found among anaerobic taxa. (70%), Eubacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp. (45% each, respectively), among representatives of the aerobes — Corynebacterium spp. (60%), S. lentus (up to 45%), S. haemolyticus (35%) and E. faecalis (30%). Data from a comparative analysis of the detection frequencies of microorganisms depending on the method of collecting material and the set of media for cultivation showed that more isolates are isolated in the midstream urine samples than in the study of catheter urine (2.9- and 1.9-fold with the standard and extended sets of media, respectively). In addition, when performing an extended bacteriological study compared to the standard method, the detection of microorganisms is 3.5-fold higher when examining an average portion of urine and 5.1-fold higher when examining catheter urine. The average number of microorganisms per one patient is also higher when using the extended method (midstream portion — 4.7 ± 1.9; catheterised urine — 2.3 ± 1.0) in comparison with the standard one (midstream portion — 1.3 ± 0.9; catheterised urine — 0.3 ± 0.5).Conclusion. Middle-aged and older men with NMIBC are characterized by asymptomatic bacteriuria in the form of a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The urine pattern obtained with a urethral catheter contains a significantly narrower range of bacteria compared to the sample obtained through natural urination. It is advisable to carry out an extended cultural urine examination to study the characteristics of the microbiota / microbiome of the urine of the bladder immediately before the urethrocystoscopy procedure by collecting urine with a urethral catheter.

Rare breast neoplasms are found by physicians in clinical practice. Phyllodes tumor of the breast accounting for 0.3–1% of all breast neoplasms is one of these neoplasms. Today, the phyllodes tumor etiology is unclear, the same as its pathogenesis. The paper reports an example of successful surgical treatment of malignant phyllodes tumor.

Stomach cancer is an aggressive disease and represents a global health problem. Currently, more than 50% of patients with a newly diagnosed stomach cancer have a locally advanced process that requires a combined approach – a combination of surgical treatment and neoadjuvant/perioperative therapy. In a number of patients, after neoadjuvant therapy, there is a marked or even complete regression of the tumor; the prognosis of the disease, as well as the need for adjuvant therapy in this category of patients is the subject of discussion. This paper demonstrates the clinical observation of a complete clinical, radiological and morphological response after neoadjuvant therapy (2 cycles of chemotherapy FLOT + chemoradiotherapy), as well as long-term relapse-free survival in a patient with locally advanced gastric cancer.

During the years of widespread use of radiotherapy in cancer patients, the incidence of local radiation damage to soft tissues (of varying severity) reached 30–40% or more. The experience of the radiation injury treatment department in the 70s and 80s indicates that every 2–3 beds were occupied by patients with this pathology. With the development of radiology, the introduction of new sources and techniques, the frequency of formation of such changes in the zone of irradiation fields has significantly decreased and currently stands at about 2%. The purpose of the proposed study is to demonstrate the possibilities of skin plastic surgery in this contingent of people who, as a rule, do not receive qualified care for a long time. As part of the work carried out, the time elapsed from the moment of formation of pathological changes to hospitalization in the department, on average, was 3–5 years, and was filled with ineffective conservative measures. Over the past 4 years, 60 reconstructive plastic surgeries have been performed in the radiation injury treatment department using musculoskeletal (21), skin fascial (21), skin (10) flaps, as well as plasty with local tissues (8). In the early postoperative period, the most common complication was marginal necrosis of the flap (13) which in 11 patients caused repeated operations in the form of secondary sutures or, in the case when it was not possible to perform this, plastic surgery of the defect with insular skin flaps was applied to the granulating wound. Subsequently, complete healing of the postoperative wound was noted in such patients. Thus, the proposed options for the reconstruction of radiation ulcers that developed after combined and radiation treatment of malignant neoplasms are highly effective methods that can get rid of disfiguring defects, improve the quality of life and restore social activity in almost 100% of patients.

In the Russian Federation, the incidence of uterine body cancer remains the highest among malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs. Surgical treatment is the primary method for treating early stages of the disease; however, the issue of predicting metastatic lymph node involvement at the preoperative stage for performing lymphadenectomy remains debatable. The potential prognostic significance of tumor involvement in the lower uterine segment regarding lymph node metastases may justify the need to assess tumor localization before starting treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic organs can help determine the involvement of the lower uterine segment in the tumor process, thereby creating a basis for expanding the scope of surgical intervention.

The age of artificial intelligence emphasises the possibility of justification and the dialectical aspects of legal reasoning. The need for validity in legal reasoning mainly stems from the existence of exceptions to rules and conflicts between rules. Formal logic may well account for exceptions to rules and thus characterise cancellable reasoning. The presented article focuses on legal issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are being discussed in the scientific community because of their importance for understanding the mechanisms of law realisation. Some of the most pressing issues in the application of artificial intelligence include: transparency of algorithms, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unfairness, bias and discrimination, lack of adversariality, legal personality issues, intellectual property issues, adverse effects on employees, privacy and data protection issues, liability for damages and lack of liability. Recognising the importance of artificial intelligence in the field of law, and acknowledging that the field requires constant reassessment and flexibility, this article develops a discussion that is important given the seriousness of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on legal actors. on legal issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are being discussed in the scientific community because of their importance for understanding the mechanisms of law realisation. Some of the most pressing issues in the application of artificial intelligence include: transparency of algorithms, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unfairness, bias and discrimination, lack of adversariality, legal personality issues, intellectual property issues, adverse effects on employees, privacy and data protection issues, liability for damages and lack of liability. Recognising the importance of artificial intelligence in the field of law, and acknowledging that the field requires constant reassessment and flexibility, this article develops a discussion that is important given the seriousness of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on legal actors.

The article is devoted to developing an interpersonal model of communicative simulations constituted by a series of communicative practices within which various forms of social interaction are reproduced. The theoretical basis of the work was the study of the concepts of “Model/Simulacrum” and “Mimesis” in philosophy and narratology. The methodological approach proposed within the study was aimed at parameterizing interpersonal interaction in a communicative simulation through establishing the structure of interaction, its participants and the roles they actualize. Based on the model proposed, a typology of communicative simulations was suggested. Three types of communicative simulations were identified: narrative simulation, simulation for entertainment purposes, and falsification. The first type of communicative simulations (the narrative one) is the indirect interaction between the sender of a message (concrete or abstract author, narrator) and its recipient (concrete or abstract reader). The communicative practices of simulations of the first type include ASMR videos and fake news. The second type (simulation for entertainment purposes) involves the interaction of communicants within a fictional world. The participants in the interaction are a particular sender/recipient of a message, an abstract sender/recipient of a message, and avatars (characters). The communicative practices of simulations of the second type include sexting and role-playing games. The third type (falsification of social practice) is the interaction in which one of the participants is unaware of being involved in a communicative simulation. The participants in the interaction are a specific author of the simulation, a specific recipient of the message, an abstract author/recipient of the message, and an avatar, which is a social mask of the author of the simulation. The communicative practices of simulations of the third type include telephone fraud.

The article examines the prospects for the development of the global monetary system in connection with the practical implementation of blockchain technology - cryptocurrency. The authors consider the main reasons for trust in money, as well as the reasons for the growing distrust of authorities and financial institutions in modern realities, along with the pros and cons of implementing cryptocurrency and blockchain in the financial system. An attempt is made to answer the question of whether cryptocurrency can change the modern financial system and what should be done to make these changes as effective and fast as possible. In addition to the influence of cryptocurrencies on the financial system, the article draws parallels with the impact of blockchain technology on existing political institutions. The authors analyze the possibilities of using cryptocurrencies for the development of the new regions of the Russian Federation.

Сучасні методи просторового аналізу і моделювання все частіше використовуються в поєднанні з методами прийняття рішень та теорії нечітких множин. Останні активно інтегруються в середовище географічних інформаційних систем (ГІС), наприклад, таких відомих як ArcGIS чи QGIS, у вигляді окремих інструментів, плагинів чи Python скриптів. Методи прийняття рішень дозволяють структурувати проблему в географічному просторі, а також врахувати знання і судження експертів та переваги особи, що приймає рішення при визначенні пріоритетів альтернативних рішень. У даній роботі надається опис геопросторової моделі багатокритеріального аналізу рішень, яка дозволяє вирішувати широке коло екологічних та соціально-економічних завдань. У роботі наводиться приклад застосування даної моделі для картування ризику деградації ґрунтів в Україні. Згідно з об’єктно-просторовим підходом, властивості території визначаються як результат дії (впливу) множини об'єктів (процесів), що належать цієї території. Територія представляється у вигляді двовимірної дискретної сітки, кожна точка якої (локальна ділянка) є альтернативою. Набір локальних ділянок території складає множину альтернатив. Уявлення моделі території як системи об’єктів та зв'язків між ними дозволяє обґрунтувати вибір множини критеріїв (факторів) для оцінювання ризику деградації ґрунтів. Кожний критерій є окремим растровим шаром карти. Для побудови ієрархічної структури прийняття рішень та розрахунку коефіцієнтів важливості критеріїв використовується метод аналізу ієрархій. Для врахування невизначеності в оцінках та судженнях експертів на етапах стандартизації атрибутів альтернатив за різними критеріями та агрегування їх оцінок застосовано експертні функції належності до нечіткої множини та нечіткі квантифікатори. Особливістю запропонованої моделі багатокритеріального аналізу рішень є її низька обчислювальна складність та простота інтеграції у середовище ГІС.

Postischemic neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological process within the entire pattern of cerebral ischemia. It is characterized by microglial and astroglial activation and is accompanied by disturbances in the innate and adaptive immune response. The early damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is accompanied by the brain autoantigens release into circulation, in particular, the neurospecific protein S100B. According to recent experimental data, activated autophagy is associated with postischemic neuroinflammation, involved in its regulation and influences the outcome of the ischemic stroke (IS) acute period. Experimental evidence is provided for the autophagy involvement in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines production. The influence of activated autophagy on the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance in acute IS has been demonstrated. Purpose of the study: to quantitatively evaluate key autophagy biomarkers, the early biomarker of BBB damage S100B, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the dynamics of the IS acute period. To identify the relationship between autophagy and inflammation biomarkers, 112 patients with acute IS and 56 healthy persons were examined. Patients underwent dynamic clinical neurological examination and blood testing on the 1st, 7th and 14th days from the disease’s onset. The level of autophagy in peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by flow cytometry by assessing the intracellular expression of autophagy proteins LC3, p62 and mean fluorescence intensity of the Cyto-ID dye, which specifically recognizes active autophagosomes. Serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, neuropeptide S100B and autophagy biomarkers Beclin-1, LC3, p62 were determined by ELISA. A statistically significant increase in the studied biomarkers was found compared to the control group. The maximum increase in inflammation indicators and neuropeptide S100B was observed on the 1st, and autophagy biomarkers – on the 7th day of the disease. Established correlations indicate the participation of activated autophagy in the postischemic neuroinflammation regulation and its involvement in ischemic brain damage in the early stages of the IS acute period (days 1-7).

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Extimia® (empegfilgrastim, JSC "BIOCAD") in reducing the frequency, duration of neutropenia, the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and infections caused by FN in patients with solid tumors receiving myelosuppressive therapy. Materials and methods. The paper presents the final results of a multicenter prospective observational post-marketing study of the safety and effectiveness of Extimia® (empegfilgrastim) in patients with solid tumors receiving cytotoxic therapy. For the primary prevention of FN, all patients received empegfilgrastim at 7.5 mg subcutaneously once per course of chemotherapy (CT) 24 hours after the end of CT administration. The primary endpoint included an assessment of the relative dose-intensity (RDI) of the CT courses administered. The endpoints of interest included the assessment of the RDI of CT courses by nosology and CT regimen, the frequency of dose-limiting neutropenia, and the incidence of all adverse events (AEs) in patients who received at least one dose of the study medication, including serious AEs. Results. From February 2021 to December 2022, 3218 patients with various malignancies were included in 41 study centers of the Russian Fede- ration. Of these, 3217 (99.97%) patients received at least one dose of the study drug, and 2663 (82.8%) patients were included in the RDI evaluation population according to the study protocol. The mean age in this group was 56.9 (18–84) years. RDI ≥85% was achieved in 2,415 (90.7%) patients. The mean RDI was 96.2%, with a median of 100%. FN risk factors were present in 1216 (45.7%) patients, with age ≥65 years being the most common risk factor at 761/2663 (28.6%). It should be noted that in patients younger than 65 years, the RDI was 91.5%, and in elderly patients (≥65 years) 88.7%. Dose-limiting neutropenia was reported in 19 (0.7%) patients. There were 74 cases of grade 3–4 AEs (according to CTCAE v.5) in 59 (1.8%) patients. The most common were neutropenia, anemia, and diarrhea in 19 (0.7%), 7 (0.2%), and 6 (0.2%) patients, respectively. Serious AEs were reported in 17 patients (0.5%). Conclusion. Primary prophylaxis of FN with long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor empegfilgrastim effectively maintains RDI in various nosological and therapeutic groups of patients with different CT regimens in real-world clinical practice.

Background. Unstable fractures of the posterior pelvic ring represent a pressing concern in trauma surgery. Minimally invasive osteosynthesis techniques have gained widespread acceptance in contemporary practice. Accurate radiographic visualization is a critical component for the precise and successful placement of iliosacral and transsacral screws. Obtaining and accurately interpreting X-ray images can pose challenges in specific clinical situations, particularly those involving age-related skeletal changes. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of the patient’s age on the measures of pelvic radiographic inlet and outlet views angles for performing a sacral fracture fixation using cannulated screws. Methods. A retrospective analysis of CT data was conducted on 106 patients with posterior pelvic ring injuries requiring cannulated screw fixation. Preoperative CT scans were reconstructed into sagittal projections. We performed construction and measurement of the true inlet angle, super-inlet angle, pelvic outlet angle, sacral concavity angle, promontory angle, S1 and S2 outlet view angles. Statistical correlation between sacral tilt angle and the patient’s age was assessed. Results. A two-step cluster analysis divided the patient cohort into two groups with significant differences in pelvic outlet angles and age (N1 = 64, N2 = 42). Statistically significant differences were found between the two clusters in all the studied parameters: median values of true pelvic inlet angles were 27.2° [23.2-32.2] and 18.2° [11.4-26.6] respectively (p0.001); super-inlet angles were 42.5° [39.3-47.8] and 36.2° [28.7-42.8] respectively (p0.001); promontory angles were 128.1° [123.3-133.2] and 122.1° [115.6-129.3] respectively (p = 0.003); pelvic outlet angles were 62.6° [58.4-69.6] and 50.3° [45.9-53.5] respectively (p0.001); S1 outlet angles were 51.8° [48.9-56.5] and 46.8° [43.1-50.2] respectively (p0.001); S2 outlet angles were 40.8° [37.3-44.6] and 35.7° [30.9-38.6] respectively (p0.001); the mean of the sacral concavity angles was 174.8°±10.5 and 152.1°±38.2 respectively (p0.001); and the main age was 41.6±18.7 and 69.2±16.1 years respectively (p0.001). A statistically significant inverse correlation between age and pelvic tilt angle (ρ = 0.534; p0.001) was found. A novel diagnostic method for identifying sacral dysmorphism using angle measurement within the S1 bone corridor is presented. The sacrum was considered dysmorphic if the angle was equal to or less than 5°. Conclusions. As the patient’s age increases by one year, pelvic outlet angle decreases by 26°. If pelvic inlet angles are equal to or less than 14.45°, the difficulties in visualizing S1 and S2 outlet views during surgery are to be expected. The median of angles difference before and after anterior sacral tilt correction using a coccyx pad was 9.4° with interquartile range from 7.8° to 11°. Significant anatomical variations in posterior pelvic ring structure were observed among the study cohort. Preoperative CT sagittal reconstructions allow appropriate planning of intraoperative visualization considering expected intraoperative radiographic inlet and outlet views.

Introduction. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is the most common zoonotic human viral disease in the Russian Federation. More than 98% of the HFRS cases are caused by Puumala orthohantavirus (PUU). Effective serological tests are required for laboratory diagnosis of HFRS. Objective. Construction of an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) test system for detection of specific antibodies using standard antigen in the form of highly purified inactivated PUU virus as immunosorbent. Materials and methods. Preparation of PUU virus antigen, designing the ELISA for detection of specific antibodies, developing parameters of the ELISA system, parallel titration of HFRS patients sera by fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and the new ELISA. Results and discussion. For the first time, ELISA based on purified inactivated PUU virus as standard antigen directly absorbed onto immunoplate was developed. Parallel titration of 50 samples from HFRS patients blood sera using FAT and the developed ELISA showed high sensitivity and specificity of this ELISA, with 100% concordance of testing results and significant level of correlation between the titers of specific antibodies in the two assays. Conclusion. The ELISA based on purified inactivated PUU virus as an immunosorbent can be effectively used for HFRS serological diagnosis and for mass seroepidemiological studies.

Under the contemporary mediatization, the role of media figures in information processes has increased. Popular journalists and bloggers perform the functions of presenting and interpreting socially significant content, thus, competing for the attention and trust of the audience. The study of this role of media figures is of particular relevance, since the Russian media landscape, especially its online segment, is an open space in which actors promote different information agendas. The empirical study was conducted in Russia’s Central and Northwestern Federal Districts in April-June 2023. According to its results, the leading positions in the public trust ranking are taken by journalists and bloggers whose speeches are characterized by the state-patriotic orientation, but part of the audience seems to trust liberal content. The use of multidimensional classification procedures allowed the authors to identify some stable typological groups in the structure of the audience, differing in the set of trusted media figures, but groups that trust state-patriotic journalists and bloggers prevail. There are significant socialdemographic differences in the level of trust: journalists and bloggers with liberal orientations are supported mainly by young people, while journalists and bloggers with state-patriotic orientations - by representatives of the middle and older age groups. There is an increase in trust in liberal media as the financial situation of respondents improves. The authors also identified variables that increase the likelihood of trusting media figures: respondents’ ideological values; attitudes towards the Russian political system; the state support for democratic norms; perception of current social-economic issues. Social representations that correlate with trust in media figures reflect gaps in the “picture of the world” of certain social segments, which requires informed management decisions to consolidate society under the global challenges.

Dedication to the memory of a colleague, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Valentin P. Tverdokhlebov, a well-known specialist in sedimentology and palaeogeography of the Late Permian and Triassic of the Eastern Russian Plate and Southern Urals, as well as taphonomy of vertebrate localities. Valentin Petrovich is a long-time head of the geological survey party investigating the stratigraphy of continental red-coloured strata, tectonics and placement of minerals in the Orenburg region. He co-authored a number of geological maps of the region. He participated in field work as a member of the joint Soviet-Mongolian palaeontological expedition in the Gobi Desert.

The structure of the carbon pool in the middle-aged and mature pine stands of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe during care logging has been studied. The basis for calculations is data on the dynamics of the volume stocks of the stands. In accordance with the method of conversion coefficients, the phytomass of fractions (stem, bark, branches and needles) was calculated, which was then converted into carbon stocks. It has been established that the main contribution to the carbon pool of pine stands is made by stem wood. In medium-aged pine stands, the proportion of stems in the bark is 66–70 % of the total phytomass, and for mature stands this value is in the range of 76–80 %. The contribution of roots in medium-aged stands is about 20 %, and in mature stands 14–16 %. Branches and needles account for about 6.5 and 5.5 %, respectively, and in mature stands – 4.5–6.0 and 1.5–1.8 %. Felling residues account for about 13 % in medium-aged stands, and about 9 % in mature stands. In medium-aged and mature stands, when felling with an intensity of 15–20 %, it takes about 10 years to restore the carbon pool to the pre-cutting level. Felling residues in quantities proportional to the intensity of logging remain at the logging sites, and the carbon deposited in these fractions is an integral part of the ecosystem pool. In order to obtain the greatest increase in the phytomass of pine stands and minimize carbon losses during felling, selective logging using modern technologies for clearing felling areas and processing logging waste is most appropriate. It is possible to increase carbon absorption and minimize carbon dioxide emissions during felling of forest care by determining the intensity of optimal thinning of the tree stand.

The problems of mining waste management at industrial enterprises and increasing the economy of production are among the most urgent ones, especially for the Arctic ecosystems, characterized by high sensitivity to external factors and the complexity of recovery. The research was conducted on the example of large industrial corporations directly operating in the Arctic, including PJSC PhosAgro, PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, Severstal Resource division of PJSC Severstal and PJSC NOVATEK. The key indicators related to waste management for 20182022 were analyzed. The trend of increasing volumes of mining waste in the Arctic was revealed, while the level of its utilization remained practically unchanged. It is proposed to intensify scientific research in the field of rational use of mining waste and to develop technologies for their processing, taking into account the impact on the Arctic ecosystems. It is suggested to create research and production centers for each industrial enterprise using the experience of the balanced “triple helix” model. It is recommended to actively participate in the Interdepartmental Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the development of the mineral resource base and its rational use, created in 2023, to develop the scientific foundations for the extraction and processing of minerals and accelerate import substitution.

The significant diversity of ethnic dynamics in Karelia at the level of its districts is of interest from the standpoint of the concept of ethno-contact zones being developed in the national science. The aim of the study is to classify the districts of Karelia on the basis of the concept of ethno-contact zones according to the peculiarities of the dynamics of the titular population for three periods: from 1933 to 1959, from 1959 to 1989 and from 1989 to 2010. The article carried out approbation of the methodology of identifying the phases of development of ethno-contact zones at the intra-regional level. In total, eight types of ethnic dynamics have been identified, corresponding to positive or negative values in the change in the share of titular population (waves of titularization and detitulization) and four phases of development of ethno-contact zones (initial, growth of contact, beginning of dissolution and complete dissolution). In the period from 1933 to 1959, most districts of the republic entered the initial phase of dissolution of the ethno-contact zone on the wave of detitulization of the population. In the period from 1959 to 1989, in the northern part of the republic, there was a belt of districts, passing to the complete dissolution of the ethno-contact zone. In the period from 1989 to 2010, all eastern districts of Karelia and northern Ladoga were in the phase of complete dissolution of the ethno-contact zone. The districts in the western part of the republic retained the type of ethnic dynamics corresponding to the beginning of dissolution of the ethno-contact zone. Throughout all three periods, Olonetskiy district, located in the south of the republic, demonstrated a type of ethnic dynamics atypical for Karelia. In 2010, it remained the only district of the Republic of Karelia where the share of the titular ethnic group exceeded half of the population.

Introduction. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and its industrial applications expand, the need for effective data management, analysis, and dissemination is becoming more urgent. Management analytics has emerged as a critical new interdisciplinary field in current business environments, enabling organizations to leverage data-driven insights for informed decision-making and strategic planning. Methods and materials. This study reviews and analyzes research in the interdisciplinary field of management analytics for the period from 2021 to 2023. To conduct bibliometric analysis, data from various sources were used, including academic publications, monographs, reviews, reports, etc. Through a systematic review of the relevant literature, this study aims to provide insight into key topics, methodologies and outcomes in the field of management analytics, as well as to identify directions for future research directions. Results: according to the results of the analysis, it was found that the main source of articles in this area is the Journal of Management Analytics. The total number of publications on this topic for the period amounted to 83 units, the total number of citations for a certain time period has been increasing. The leading countries in terms of the number of citations of academic articles on the topic under study are the United States, India and China. Discussion. So far, the interdisciplinary field of management analytics has not been widely discussed in academic circles. However, leading countries in the world in terms of the number of academic articles and citations are at the forefront of this emerging field. This should be taken into account especially in the development of the nanosystems and nanomaterials industry, which is one of the priority areas for the development of science and technology, where management analytics technologies will be in demand and can provide competitive advantages to companies. Conclusion. The importance of the new interdisciplinary field of management analytics will continue to grow. In the course of the study, it was found that this emerging field has been increasing its popularity and it could be an effective tool for organizations in the nearest fu-ture.

Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a natural focal viral infection with a high probability of severe course, the possibility of death, a long recovery period after infection, low effectiveness of therapy and vaccine prevention. In the Russian Federation, HFRS is most often caused by the Puumala orthohantavirus. The aim of the study — to evaluate the immunophenotypic composition of lymphocytes and cytokine profile in the blood of patients with hemorrhagic feverwith renal syndrome in comparison with acute respiratory viral infections and with the prospect of developing immunological criteria for early diagnosis of HFRS. Matherials and Methods. There were examined the blood of 24 patients with a verified diagnosis of HFRS who were hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the Samara Medical University Clinics and admitted in the first days of the disease, 18 patients with acute respiratory viral infections of established etiology, as well as 15 healthy people. Results and Discussion. Analysis of the results of lymphocyte phenotyping and cytokine levels in the blood revealed that the percentage of B lymphocytes in the blood was 12.6 %, cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing the activating lectin receptor NKG2D (CD3+CD8+CD314+), 25 %, regulatory T cells with CD3+CD4+FoxP3+ phenotypes 7.8 % and CD3+CD8+FoxP3+ 9.5 %, as well as IL-6 24 pg/ml, TNFß 55 pg/ml, IL-10 11.3 pg/ml with high diagnostic significance, judging by the results of ROC analysis, indicates in favor of GLPS, but not ARVI. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used as criteria for early immunodiagnosis of HFRS. The development of a new hypothesis on the mechanism of CD8+ immunological memory formation may contribute to the discovery of new potential targets for HFRS immunotherapy and the creation of new principles for the production of vaccine preparations for the prevention of this disease.

The article presents the results of the study of the discourse of collecting in the pages of thematic magazines in the RSFSR/USSR in the period between 1922 and 1932. The source base of the research includes magazines that were published in different regions of the country. Special attention is paid to the establishment of a monopoly on collecting and to the activities of the founders of Soviet collecting (F. Chuchin, Commissioner of the Central Commission for Famine Relief under the VTsIK on Philately and Notaphily, and M. Syuzyumov, an expert in Byzantine history). The study of literature on the topic made it possible to systematize historiography and to offer an explanatory model of Soviet collecting, which was based on political (ideological), economic, social, and cultural aspects. The analysis of literature and sources allows us to conclude that, firstly, legal collecting during that period narrowed down to philately and other forms of collecting, and secondly, from being non-partisan and apolitical, it evolved into a multifactorial auxiliary means of educating Soviet citizens within leisure practices. Contrary to the well-established in historiography thesis, mass collecting in the USSR did not cease to exist at that stage, but it became a widespread children’s leisure practice in the institutions that had been created earlier.

Introduction Self-administered questionnaire recommended by international orthopaedic community is a practical instrument for use in pathological conditions related to the foot and ankle. The objective was to validate the Russian-language versions of the FADI and FAAM questionnaires to be filled out by orthopaedic patients with forefoot disorders before and after surgical treatment. Material and methods The study included 100 adult patients with forefoot disorders to be surgically treated. The average age of the patients was 52 ± 12.1 years with 97 % being females and 26 % being athletes. The patients completed the FADI and FAAM questionnaires preoperatively and at 2 months after surgery and they were requested to fill out the SF-36 questionnaire and the LEFS scale preoperatively. Results The Cronbach's α value was 0.91 for activities of daily living and 0.94 for sports measured with both questionnaires. The reproducibility of the questionnaires was demonstrated by high ICC values (≥ 0.992) and no changes (ES < 0.01) in stable patients. Satisfactory construct validity was confirmed by significant correlations in activities of daily living and sports activities; criterion validity was confirmed by the dorsiflexion angle in the MCP1 and the daily (p < 0.001) and sports activities (p < 0.05). Convergent validity of the FADI and FAAM was identified with correlations measured with SF-36 and LEFS. Patients with moderate/severe impairment in range of motion had worse functional status scored with the FADI and FAAM as compared with those who had no/mild impairment. A significant improvement was seen postoperatively in non-athletes (p < 0.001). Sports activity significantly improved postoperatively in athletes (p < 0.05). Discussion A limitation of the study includes the sample consisting mostly of patients with one type of orthopaedic pathology (valgus foot). Another limitation is that the majority of patients were females, and the patients were treated in the same health care facility. We can conclude that in the future it would be advisable to test the Russian versions of the FADI and FAAM questionnaires in patients with other foot pathologies and to conduct multicenter studies using these questionnaires. Conclusion The FADI and FAAM scores measured in the Russian population showed greater sensitivity to changes in the foot/ankle joint in individuals who had indications for surgical treatment for a foot condition.

A method of forming a curved orthogonal coordinate system on a plane and a technique of constructing new surface shapes with curved trapezoidal plans are presented. Multiple examples of curved trapezoidal plans based on different directrix curves and surfaces with the given plans, including combinations of surfaces with different conjugate directrix curves, are illustrated. The proposed technique of surface forming may be used in architecture and construction for development of thin-walled space structures in both urban and industrial buildings. But for the analysis of thin shells, geometric characteristics of the middle surface of the shell are usually used. Vector equation of surfaces with curved trapezoidal plan was used to obtain the formulas for the fundamental form coefficients and surface curvatures. Examples of calculation of the fundamental form coefficients and curvatures of surfaces with particular directrix curves and vertical coordinate functions are presented.

Fruit crops are an irreplaceable source of essential nutrients, macro- and microelements, vitamins, organic acids, and antioxidants. Today, the overwhelming part of fruit supply in the market is provided by foreign producers. Import substitution and meeting the demand of the Russian Federation population for fruit consumption by the domestic agro-industrial complex is impossible without expanding the geography of cultivation areas, including those in zones of risky agriculture, which requires breeding of frost-resistant (cold-resistant) cultivars (fruit crops). Application of modern biotechnological and molecular genetic methods in breeding work will increase the profitability of fruit growing by reducing the time required for obtaining plants with the desired traits and by complex evaluation of the prospects of genotypes of parental forms. The present review considers modern data on cold tolerance genes of various fruit and berry crops, summarizes the known mechanisms of their action, activation, and regulation.The review considers modern data on genes of fruit and berry crops resistance to low temperatures, including characterization of genes encoding key receptors, signaling, effector proteins, and transcription factors in apple, pear, peach, pineapple, and strawberry. The known mechanisms of their operation, activation, regulation are given, and signaling cascades are described.

The genus Paeonia L. includes both popular ornamental and medicinal plants with a rich history of cultivation and breeding. Breeding is an important process of increasing the diversity of the assortment and creating new cultivars of peonies with various economically important characteristics, such as the shape and color of flowers, different flowering periods and resistance to diseases and abiotic stressors. The main methods used in the breeding of peonies are traditional methods, including intraspecific, interspecific and intersectional hybridization, however, such factors as a long reproduction cycle and the complexity of the breeding process limit the possibilities for good progress in this work. The application of methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics make the breeding process more efficient. The use of germplasm resources and hybridization will accelerate the process of creating new cultivars not only with various decorative features, but also those with high adaptability to biotic and abiotic factors and resistance to phytopathogens and diseases. This review highlights the history of domestic and foreign breeding, modern trends and methodology of peony breeding. Information is provided on the achievements and limitations that exist in the field of molecular biological study of peonies.

Introduction: Morphofunctional changes of the circulatory system organs detected in athletes may remain without due attention, as clinical (phenotypic) signs of pathological abnormalities are very similar to manifestations of cardiovascular system adaptation to intensive physical loads. The aim of the study is to propose a personalized algorithm for biomedical support of professional athletes with abnormalities and diseases of the circulatory organs based on clinical and genomic data.Materials and methods: The results of in-depth medical examination (2021-2023) of 15,464 athletes who are members of Russian sports teams were analyzed. The structure of circulatory system diseases according to the codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), which were included in the summary report of the last examination, was analyzed. Fifty athletes with abnormalities and diseases of the circulatory system organs, experiencing different degrees of intensity of dynamic and static loads in accordance with the Mitchell classification, were selected from the study sample for full genome sequencing and subsequent clinical interpretation of the obtained data.Results: In the study sample the number of people with pathologic conditions of the circulatory system organs amounted to 6 946 people (45 %). Mitchell classification groups had statistically significant differences with respect to the prevalence of 10 diseases of the circulatory system organs. In 50 DNA samples of professional athletes, 5 probably pathogenic variants (10%), 19 variants with uncertain clinical significance (38%), relevant to the phenotype of a monogenic disease with circulatory system organ damage, were detected.Conclusion: Molecular genetic testing is an effective tool for differential diagnostics of pathologic and adaptive changes in the organs of the circulatory system. Carrying causative genes in combination with clinical signs allows to change the tactics of medical and biological support of an athlete according to the proposed algorithm.