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Ideas of I.I Mechnikov stated in biologic theory of inflammation and, specifically, about leading role of phagocytic cells are getting more and more prevalent. Special attention is paid to study of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines roles in initiation of inflammatory reaction. TLRs are present not only on immune system's cells but virtually on all cells of an organism. On the basis of these data we proposed the hypothesis designated as "one receptor-many cells" and "one receptor-one cell". In the former case the leading role in recognition of antigen belongs to TLRs then followed by other organism's cells, which is characteristic for innate immunity. In the latter case recognition is realized through T- and B-cell receptor presented only on lymphocytes, which is characteristic for adaptive immunity. New class of lipid mediators (rezlovins, protectins etc.) involved in stage of inflammation resolve is revealed. This means that drugs with antiinflammatory activity can act according to principle "go-stop". Complex of natural cytokines and cationic antimicrobial peptides (Superlymph) possesses such effect.