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Introduction. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the impregnation (with the aliphatic polyurethane water dispersion) degree on the deformation properties of the polyacetal, polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene fibers based nonwoven needle-punched composite fabrics. Materials and methods. We investigated the deformation properties of the nonwoven fabrics manufactured from the 0.33 tex linear density fibers of: polyethyleneterephthalate (diameter 20–25 microns, according to TU 6-13- 0204077-95-91), polypropylene (diameter 27–30 microns, according to TU 2272-007-5766624-93) and the original polyacetal ones (diameter 18–22 microns). The nonwoven fabrics were obtained by the mechanical formation technique. The needlepunching surface density was 180 cm–2. The water dispersion of anionic stabilized aliphatic polyethyruretane (IMPRANIL DL 1380 (China)) with a dry residue of 40% was used for the impregnation. The experimental samples’ linear dimensions were determined in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15902.2-2003. The sample’s thickness was determined by a thickness gauge with a pressure of 10 kPa and an instrumental error ~ 0.01 mm according to GOST 11358-70. The samples’ mechanical properties were determined in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15902.3-79. Results and discussion. The fiber filler composition influence on the ob-tained (by the impregnation of polyethyleneterephthalate, polypropylene and polyacetal fibers based non-woven needle-punched fabrics with polyurethane aqueous dispersion) composite materials tensile resistance has been established. We found the impregnation degree (depending on the chemical nature of the fibers and on the direction of nonwoven fabrics formation) at which the tensile resistance of the composite materials reaches the maximum value. It is demonstrated that, in the construction of buildings and structures, it is advisable to utilize materials based on composite polyacetal fibers. These materials exhibit higher tensile resistance compared to those based on polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate at equivalent impregnation levels. Conclusion. The obtained optimal impregnation degree (at which the maximum tensile resistance of polyacetal fiber based composite materials was achieved) depends on the direction of the non-woven fabric formation. The maximum tensile resistance was observed: in the transverse direction – at 0.44 and in the longitudinal direction – at 0.35 impregnation degree values

This paper presents research into the possibilities of using laser perforation to enhance the decorative properties of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) wood. Fir wood is characterized by fairly modest physical and mechanical properties and featureless appearance, which is why it is in low demand. With enhanced decorative properties, fir wood could find its use in the production of finish materials. The literature review reveals that the existing wood dyeing technologies are not really effective for the hard-to-impregnate fir wood. Therefore, laser perforation was used to achieve higher wood impregnation and its controlled coloring to form the texture. The study also explored the features of dyeing laser-perforated fir wood, depending on the set parameters of impregnation and wood structure. To do so, the fir samples (with the size of 165×65×32 mm) were laser perforated to form slots up to 0.2 mm in diameter and 15 mm deep. Then the samples were impregnated in an autoclave. The set parameters were determined in accordance with the two-factor experiment schedule: the pressure standing at 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 MPa, with the impregnation time of 30, 225 and 480 min. The study showed that when perforated wood is impregnated, the dyeing solution penetrates the laser-cut slots first and mainly spreads along the wood fibers. Depending on the impregnation time and pressure applied, the dye moves from the perforated slots along the wood fibers covering a distance of 10.9 mm to 24.6 mm. The dye does not spread as well across the fibers, only coloring a total width of 1.3 to 1.7 mm both ways from the slot depending on applied pressure and time of impregnation. It was found that, first and foremost, the set parameters affect the size of colored areas along the wood fibers and make little difference to lateral coloring in absolute values. Pressure applied to perforated wood during impregnation was determined to have the biggest impact on the size of colored areas. The study proves it possible to use the developed technology in forming artificial wood textures, including those that imitate valuable wood species. For citation: Eliseev S.G., Ermolin V.N., Duk D.V. Using Laser Perforation to Enhance Decorative Properties of Siberian Fir (Abies sibirica) Wood. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 5, pp. 151–163. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036- 2023-5-151-163

ABSTRACT: Introduction. The aim of the research is to study the compressibility of composite materials obtained by varying the degree of impregnation of a non-woven needle-punched cloth with an aqueous dispersion of polyurethane. Materials and research methods. Non-woven needle-punched cloth made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers (TU 6-13-0204077-95-91) with a linear density of 0.33 tex (diameter 20–25 microns) was used as objects of research. For impregnation, an aqueous dispersion of anionic stabilized aliphatic polyethiruretane of the brand IMPRANIL DL 1380 (PRC) with a dry residue of 40% was used. The compressibility of canvases and composite materials was established using the ICH indicator according to GOST 577-68 with an accuracy of measuring the thickness of ± 0.001 mm. Results and discussion. An approach is proposed to establish the relationship between the degree of compressibility of composite materials and the load and to obtain an equation for predicting the degree of compressibility of composite materials from the degree of impregnation and load. Optimal loading conditions of the composite material with a minimum degree of compressibility has been established. Conclusion. The optimal degree of impregnation of a non-woven needlepunched fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers with a diameter of 20–25 microns with polyurethane dispersion is 0.5.

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Impregnation with a new solution based on potassium polysulfide showed excellent results in the hydrophobization of cement stone and cement-sand mortar due to the formation of a nanoscale water-repellent coating on the surface of the pores from sulfur nanoparticles formed as a result of the destruction of the molecule during the drying process. An innovative solution based on potassium polysulfide refers to polysulfur compounds, from which, as a result of the destruction of polysulfide molecules, a nanoscale layer of sulfur particles is formed on the surface. Materials and research methods. Potassium polysulfide solutions of different densities were used for impregnation; the properties of the solutions were tested on cubic samples with a 40 mm edge, made on the basis of cement and cement-sand mortar. Particle characteristics were evaluated using a laser particle size analyzer, an electron microscope and a diffractometer. Results. The analysis showed that the average size of the particles forming the protective coating is 20 nm, they have a spherically symmetric shape and crystallize into an orthorhombic crystal lattice structure. The treatment of concrete with a solution of potassium polysulfide ensures the formation of a coating based on nanosized sulfur on the surface of the pores of the stone, which partially fills the pore space and, being hydrophobic, reduces the water bsorption of samples by 2–3 times, and the water absorption of samples impregnated under vacuum for 0.5 hours, decreases to values of 1.3–1.9%. Results and discussion. Modification of concrete with an impregnating composition developed by us with a solution based on potassium polysulfide The impregnating solution based on potassium polysulfide is stable in the concentration range of 1.15–1.35 g/cm3; upon impregnation, it penetrates into the pore structure of concrete at a level of up to 4 cm or more, depending on the growth and structure of the sample. When the material dries in its pores, sulfur nanoparticles crystallize from the polysulfide solution, partially filling the pore space and forming a protective durable insoluble hydrophobic coating that makes it difficult for water to penetrate into the pores of concrete, but retains its vapor permeability, which is important for wall and facing materials. Conclusions. Impregnation of road building materials and concrete products with a composition based on potassium polysulfide improves their performance properties, increases durability and resistance to weathering, which makes it possible to recommend it for use in the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation.

Relevance of the work is related to the fact that currently the technological processes of exploration, extraction, transportation of geo-resources in the oil, mining, coal, chemical and other industries are subject to a high level of mechanization and automation involving electric machines. The reliability and trouble-free operation of these machines depend on the state of the winding insulation, the role of which is played by the insulation of the windings of electric motors. Reliability indicators of this element of the windings are laid in the process of their production. At the same time, a significant contribution to the mentioned indicators is made by the technological operation of impregnation. The probability of hiding defects in the insulation of the windings, thermal properties of electric motors, moisture resistance and solidity of the windings depend on how well this operation is carried out. Therefore, the improvement of impregnation and increase of its efficiency are very topical. The purpose of the work is to create a mathematical model of the technological operation of impregnation with the use of electrostatic charging of the impregnating composition jet; to show that it is possible to reduce the level of induced voltage used for electrostatic charging of the impregnating composition jet by strengthening the electric field in the nozzle area, from which the frontal parts of the winding are watered with impregnating composition, by giving the nozzle a certain shape. Methods. When creating a mathematical model, classical methods of solving differential equations describing electromagnetic fields were used, and experimental studies made it possible to establish the adequacy of the created model. Results. The results of modeling and research of a new technology of impregnation of windings of electric machines with an electrostatically charged jet of impregnating composition are presented. A mathematical model was developed linking the field gain at the top of an ellipsoid nozzle with its geometric parameters. The experimental verification of the obtained model was carried out and the adequacy of the model to the experimental results was shown. The data of practical application of the obtained model on real factory installations are presented, showing the real possibility of reducing the voltage level at the nozzle and the effectiveness of the proposed impregnation of the windings. The advantages of the proposed technology are shown in comparison with typical impregnation technologies based on the data obtained in real production. The proposed technology will significantly reduce the likelihood of factory defects due to winding circuits in the windings, will increase the reliability of manufactured electric motors in the process.

Some stages of the finishing technology of high thickness and surface density textiles such as drying and thermal fixing have a number of problems, especially when using solutions of aqueous polymer dispersions as an application. This manifests itself in the form of migration of particles of the dispersed phase to the surface of the textile web under the influence of heat flow and film formation. This results in deterioration of the operational and special properties of the finished product. A solution to this problem is to use ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation for drying. The process of drying and thermal fixing textile woven fabrics with surface density of 460 g/m2 from viscose filaments in the medium of electromagnetic radiation of microwave range was investigated. Structural analysis of the sections of the obtained fabrics proved the effectiveness of the new heat treatment method compared to convective drying. Некоторые этапы технологии заключительной отделки текстильных материалов большой толщины и поверхностной плотности – сушка и термофиксация – сопряжены с рядом проблем, особенно при использовании в качестве аппрета растворов водных дисперсий полимеров. Проявляется это в виде миграции частиц дисперсной фазы к поверхности текстильного полотна под действием теплового потока и образованию пленки. Это приводит к ухудшению эксплуатационных и специальных свойств готового изделия. Решением данной проблемы является использование для сушки электромагнитного излучения сверхвысокочастотного диапазона. Проведены исследования процесса сушки и термофиксации текстильных тканых полотен поверхностной плотностью 460 г/м2 из вискозных нитей в среде электромагнитного излучения СВЧ-диапазона. Структурный анализ срезов полученных полотен доказал эффективность применения нового способа термообработки в сравнении с конвективной сушкой.

The paper presents a new test stand for ivestigating the rate of penetration of transformer oil through electrotechnical pressboard. The stand consists of a pipe, to the lower end of which is glued a pressboard plate. The pipe is filled with insulating oil. A mirror is placed under the plate, which directs its image to the lens of the camera, which takes a series of photographs at a given time interval. After being saturated with the insulating oil, the pressboard changes colour from light to dark yellow. The absorbing time is defined as the time in which a dark yellow spot appears on the lower light surface of the pressboard after the pipe is filled with oil.A new way of determining capillary diameters has been developed when the number of capillaries is unknown and the volume of liquid flowing through them is not measurable. The distribution of the times of penetration of transformer oil through 2 mm thick electrotechnical pressboard was determined, the values of which range from about 220 min to about 550 min. It was found that the radii of capillaries through which the insulating oil penetrates are within the range from about 45 nm to about 70 nm. Due to the structure of the pressboard, which consists of cellulose fibres, arranged more or less tightly, there are capillaries in the structure of the board, each of which has sections of varying lengths of radii. This means that short sections of a single capillary can have radii both smaller than 45 nm and larger than 70 nm.The developed stand and the new analysis method can be used for testing various porous materials for penetration by various liquids.

The data of studies on the effectiveness of impregnating Aquastat waste generated as a result of the development of limestone-shell rock deposits are presented. As a result of sand impregnation, the water absorption coefficient as a result underwent a significant decrease from 7 to 17 times, while the water absorption coefficient decreases from 32.5% for the initial to 1.9% impregnated. Even treatment with low concentrated (ρ = 1.17 g / cm3) calcium polysulfide solution made the water absorption coefficient to decrease to a value of 4.5%. As a result of impregnation of crushed stone from limestone-limestone with a solution of calcium polysulfide, the water absorption coefficient decreases from 25.0% for untreated to 5.2% for treated, and the decrease in the coefficient of water absorption is greater for concentrated solutions. It was found that a solution density of 1.24 g/cm3 is sufficient to reduce the water absorption coefficient to a value of 5.2%, the same as for a density value of 1.35 g/cm3. Comparison of the results of impregnation with «Aquastat» solution and sulfur melt showed that as a result of treatment with sulfur melt, the water absorption coefficient decreases by 13.3 and strength increases by 2 times, and as a result of impregnation with «Aquastat» solution decreases by 4.62%, strength increases by 1.35 times. Despite the high efficiency of sulfur melt processing, such treatment has drawbacks associated with the use of autoclave technology and high temperatures. The results of the modification of sand and crushed stone from shell rock by impregnating it with the «Aquastat» solution, a significant decrease in the water absorption parameter, an increase in compressive strength, revealed the possibility of using impregnated crushed stone as the layer material lying at the base of the road structures of local roads in the form of crushed stone and sand instead of the more expensive imported crushed stone.

The aim of the study was to synthesise a ZnO/silver birch wood (Bétula péndula) nanocomposite and evaluate its physical and mechanical properties in comparison with an unmodified natural polymer. Using the sol-gel method, we synthesised almost spherical impurity-free zinc oxide nanoparticles with a predominant particle size of about 20 nm. Amorphous hydrated Zn(OH)2 was impregnated into the wood material at the gel formation stage. It resulted in the reaction of zinc hydroxide decomposition with the formation of ZnO nanoparticles in the wood as a nanoreactor. The hydrophobic properties of the surface of ZnO/silver birch wood nanocomposite improved significantly (the contact angle of wetting doubled). Its moisture and water resistance decreased (2-5 times and 30%, respectively). The nanocomposite also showed less swelling in the radial (8-10 times) and tangential (2.6-10 times) directions in comparison with natural wood.

The quality of impregnation of textile materials with additive preparations significantly affects their appearance and performance properties. The impregnating properties of aqueous dispersions of polymers depend on their physicochemical characteristics and particle size of the dispersed phase. The process of preparing the aqueous dispersion of styrene acrylate in the medium of ultrasonic vibrations has been studied. Research results have proved the effectiveness of applying sounding to impregnation solutions to improve the quality of impregnation of hydrophobic textile materials.

This overview presents the research fields of the Institute of Wood Science at the University of Sopron (Hungary) in the first two decades of the third millennium. The classic wood research topics such as physical, mechanical and anatomical examinations of untreated wood species are one of the major fields of the studies conducted. The other major part is the topic of this paper, i.e. the study of different wood modification processes. There are many possibilities in wood science to improve the properties of wood and, as a result, to improve its usability. Various heat treatments were performed in gaseous atmosphere for more than ten softwood and hardwood species, as well as heat treatment in different fluids. The latter includes the treatment in vegetable oils, paraffin and beeswax to improve the resistance and dimensional stability of wood. Within the mechanical wood modification the densification of poplar resulted in a great increase of its hardness to make this common wood available in more fields of wood industry. The longitudinal compression of hardwoods results in obtaining a flexible material that extends the usability of wood. As a chemical treatment, acetylation provides a good protection against wood-destroying organisms, a high increase in dimensional stability and a long life span. The impregnation of wood with different nanoparticles has successfully in improved its durability. In summary, this paper demonstrates several processes from mechanical wood modifications through heat treatments to chemical modification methods.

Abstract. Objectives The aim of the research was the development of an ultrasonic generator of technological design with a wide frequency range of output voltage. Methods The prototype works were performed and the functional scheme of the multifrequency ultrasonic generator realised in the experimental sample was developed, as well as the design of an ultrasonic piezoceramic system capable of operating at two resonant frequencies of 22 and 44 kHz. Results Based on the feature analysis of the modern composite material structure and technologies for moulding products, it was found to be expedient to introduce ultrasonic impregnation into the technological process, which can ensure increased uniformity in filling the structure with a binder as well as greater homogeneity of physicomechanical characteristics. A schema for the ultrasonic generator built into the technological equipment is developed, providing the formation of harmonic signals with a frequency alternating from 20 to 60 kHz, and power adjustable from 100 to 500 W, which will allow the implementation of highperformance ultrasonic technologies for processing materials with a heterogeneous structure formed during the manufacturing process. The studies were carried out according to parametric optimisation of the converter taking into account the specific load types. A special feature of the generator's power supply is its versatility in terms of frequency and voltage ranges, as well as the required quality indicators of the energy generated. The generator allows the reference frequency to be programmed using a laptop and then fine-tuned from the control panel in resonance with the radiator with a resolution of 10 Hz directly. The built-in microprocessor allows the reference frequency entered from the laptop to be stored in the memory. Conclusion The use of multifrequency ultrasonic sources allows the acting parameters to be optimised for ultrasonic impregnation of fibre-reinforced composite materials as well as their finishing dimensional processing, depending on the density of the structure and the reinforcement scheme used.

The data of studies on the effectiveness of impregnation with polysulfide solutions of shell limestone used as facing and wall material, as well as for the manufacture of road products are presented. Modification of the limestone with the impregnating composition «Akvastat» created by the authors which is sulfur-containing water-based solution of calcium polysulfide containing alcohols and surfactants, can significantly reduce water absorption and increase durability of limestone. Impregnating composition on the basis of calcium polysulfide possesses density of 1.22–1.24 g/cm3, the infiltrant penetrates into the pore structure of limestone to a depth of 4 cm or more, depending on the density and structure of the sample. While the material is drying, sulfur nanoparticles are crystallized from the polysulfide solution in its pores. They partially fill pore space and form protective durable insoluble hydrophobic coating that impedes the penetration of water into the pores of the limestone, but preserves its vapor permeability, which is important for wall and decoration materials. The evaluation of protective coatings was performed with laser particle size analyzer, scanning probe microscope and a diffractometer. It showed that the average size of the particles forming the protective coating is in the range of 20–25 nm, the particles shape is spherical, the particles are elemental sulfur with orthorhombic structure of the crystal lattice. The processing of shell limestone with calcium polysulphide solution provides formation of coating based on nanosized sulfur on the surface of stone pores. The coating partially fills the pore space and, as it is hydrophobic, reduces the water absorption of the samples by a factor of 5–8, increases their average density by 22–27%, strength in 1,2–1,3 times, the softening factor by 6–19%, that makes possible to predict the increase of the durability of building materials based on shell limestone to 1.5–2 times or more. Impregnation of the wall, facing and road construction materials and limestone products with polysulfide omposition «Akvastat» allows improving their operational properties, increasing resistance to weathering, expanding their area of application in the climatic conditions of Central Russia.

The relevance of the work is determined by the need to study the healing impregnated through damages to interturn insulation of low-voltage windings of variable frequency drives. The objective of the work: to investigate the effect of electrothermal stresses arising from variable frequency drive systems on the average time before the breakdown of electric insulation of low-voltage windings of electric machines. The method of research: testing low-voltage interturn insulation of windings of the variable frequency drive (VFD) on physical samples. Results. The authors found out that the use of VFD control systems based on the pulse-width modulation increased the level of operating electrical loads. It was also discovered that the electro-thermal character of insulation aging dominates. In this case, special attention should be paid to the presence of defects in the insulation of the wires. The definition of the average time to breakdown twists with marked defects under the influence of temperature and high-frequency modulated voltage was made in this work. For the tests used the corona resistance materials: wire PETD2K 180 and varnish KO-916K. Even the presence of defects on one turn leads to significant re duction of the average time to the breakdown of the system «varnish - winding wire». For a number of cases it was discovered the interturn closure is possible at distances exceeding the limit for normal operating conditions. For more severe electric loads on the winding insulation characteristic of the pulse-width modulation (PWM), the impregnation might not provide the required «healing» through damages in enamel insulation. For windings of modern variable-speed drives it is recommended to use only corona resistant materials, winding wires with minimum insulation defects in particular.

The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the need to improve the technology of winding impregnation to increase its quality and reliability. The main aim of the study: to justify the choice of magneto-dielectric impregnating compound and perspective of its use for alternative technology of winding impregnation in electrical and radio engineering products. The methods used in the study: the electro-thermal - to estimate heat conductivity and heat capacity; the electro-magnetic - to define the function of mixture magnetic conductivity from concentration of ferrite; the viscometers - to determine impregnating compound viscosity; capacitive - to control the saturation degree of interturn winding hole by impregnating compound; high-voltage - to investigate the electric strength of composition. The results. The authors found out that application of magneto-dielectric compound for impregnating the electrotechnical windings and radio technical coil products in the first place allows to eliminate all power-consuming, noisy electromechanical devices. Secondly, permits to provide the equal glazing of face parts. Thirdly, the using of magneto-dielectric compound allows to improve the saturation degree of interturn winding hole by impregnating compound. This is achieved through heating current supply to coil after the impregnation, magnetic force of which serves as a gate, whereby the impregnating composition stops to flow out of the cavities during their drying. The high thermal conductivity of the proposed mixture and high rates of impregnation can reduce overheating of the windings, which in several times increases their reliability and durability. It was shown, that the nickel-zinc soft magnetic particles can improve the conductivity of the impregnating mixture more than one and a half times. Thus, magneto-dielectric technological properties of the mixture (viscosity, dielectric strength, etc.) remain within acceptable limits. Higher thermal conductivity of the considered magneto-dielectric mixture, in comparison with the thermal conductivity of the compound KP-34, traditionally used for inkjet-drip impregnation of stator windings, as well as high rates of impregnation when using magneto-dielectric composition, make it possible to reduce overheating of the stator windings not less than 30 %.

Copyright of Metallophysics & Advanced Technologies / Metallofizika i Novejsie Tehnologii is the property of G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S.U and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes the process of impregnating of reinforcing fibrous fillers made from chemical fibers during the production of fibrous polymeric composites. The impregnation is one of the most important stages of the production of such materials, affecting the operating characteristics of finished products. Strong influence on the quality of impregnation has a porous structure of a reinforcing fiber material. In order to analyze the impregnation process and regulation of the capillary properties of the reinforcing fibrous material, simulation of its porous structure was carried out. The mathematical model and software based on it that performs the simulation of the porous structure of the fiber material was created. Comparison of simulation results with experimental data was conducted, which showed high accuracy of the model.

Purpose: to obtain morphological data to identify microglia on histological sections of hippocampus of rabbits using silver salt impregnation. Material and methods. Histological sections of hippocampus of rabbits impregnated with salt deposited silver. Using the Rio Hortega method for detecting fibrous glia, choose the desired chemical composition and acid-base parameters of the silver solution and reducing agent for the detection of microglia. Results. In histological sections of the hippocampus revealed microglia contrast with branched spikes and cells without shoots with thin flagellums. Conclusion. In visiting the experiments carried out in natural conditions, it is crucial to conduct biomedical research in the shortest possible time. We need to get not only the functional results of research, but also by their morphological, substantiating the data. The present method of impregnation microglia can be used as a rapid method for the morphological study of cerebral blood flow and neural tissue hypoxia.

The results of research on hydrophobic impregnation of dense concrete with composition «Aquastat» designed for manufacture of road and airfield plates are presented. It was found that after having been treated with waterrepellent agent the concrete sample is resistant to wetting, i.e. it gets hydrophobic properties. At the same time the water absorption of the samples treated for 24 hours at atmospheric pressure is reduced in three times, and soaked for 0.5 hours under vacuum decreases 5.5 times. It was revealed that the hydrophobic properties of fine-grained concrete impregnated with «Aquastat» may be at the same level of those of dense concrete based on coarse filler. Substantially increased hydrophobic properties of dense concrete (more than 5 times) allow authors to forecast twice increased service life of road and airfield plates treated by «Aquastat» composition.

Aim: identification of astrocytic glia cells impregnated to determine the hypoxic changes in nerve tissue. Material and methods. Condition of hypoxia was simulated in laboratory rats with "jar hypoxia". For the impregnation of histo-logical sections were used as a basis for the method of Rio-Gortega. Results. Silver impregnation method revealed several morphological forms of astrocytic cells in hypoxic changes in the nervous tissue of the brain. Conclusion. There were marked morphological brain astrocyte cell forms reflecting their functional state. Traced compensatory changes astrocytic cell depletion of these processes and the appearance of pathological morphological characters, up to the fragmentation and destruction of cells.

The relevance of the work is caused by the fact that the majority of technological processes almost in all industries, including those related to extraction, transportation, processing of mineral raw materials, cannot be implemented without the use of electric motors. High reliability of these machines provides trouble-free operation and guarantees human safety in these industries. The reliability indices of electrical machine operation depend on insulation condition of the windings, which is largely determined by the quality of impregnation. It is impossible to improve winding impregnation, increase the quality and reliability of isolation, without certain methods for controlling the impregnation quality. The main aim of the research is to study the applicability of winding electrical capacitance relative to the housing to control the quality of winding impregnation in electrical machines. Research methods: measurement of electrical capacitive characteristics of the windings of electrical machines; measurement of geometric parameters of winding components; metrological methods to estimate errors of indirect measurements. Results. The authors have proved the possibility of determining the impregnation coefficients by measuring the capacitive characteristics of the winding relative to its body; substantiated the criteria to evaluate the quality of impregnation and formulas for their calculation. The reliability of the results is confirmed experimentally. The paper introduces the detailed analysis and evaluation of metrological characteristics of the proposed method. Real examples show that using the proposed method allows ensuring high accuracy in determining the winding impregnation coefficient in stators of electric machines. Indirect error of determining the impregnation coefficients does not exceed 3,8 %.

Copyright of International Scientific Conference: Contemporary Innovation Technique of the Engineering Personnel Training for the Mining & Transport Industry is the property of National Mining University, State Higher Educational Institution and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the developed computational and analytical method, the intensity of modifiers mass transfer from the treated wood was determined, and the effect of the wood preservative covering and water repellent on the flame retardant removal slowdown process was defined. The developed mathematical model and its numerical implementation method allow to determine the parameters of modifiers washout in wood and its covering into the environment, depending on the samples geometry, physical-chemical properties of substances, impregnating wood and their initial distribution in the covering material, wood and environment. In particular, it was established that, after the 100-th time step, reduction of the flame retardant concentration in the wood, covered with preservative was approximately 30%, while using water repellent - only 4%. The calculated thickness of the polymeric preservative covering for the mixture DSA-2, which causes destruction is 12,6·10-6 m, while using water repellent - 29,5·10-6 m. This allows to consider that using the water repellents considerably prevents the flame retardants escape from the modified wood and make a rational choice of agents to increase the service life of the treated wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of damage wood in building structures in the early stages, as well as forecasting, will appreciate the use of the products, to determine the effectiveness of the methods and means of protection. Analyzed the kinetics of biological populations in the organic mass, which depends on the concentration of media components, as well as models, that describe these processes. The simulation of the biological breakdown of the wood. According to the obtained dependence of the calculated population dynamics of microorganisms in the amount of plant material and the proportion of damaged material. The dependence of the intensity of the destruction of plant material by microorganisms. The results of experimental investigations of the rate of the biological breakdown of the wood and established the influence of the modification antiseptics to reduce the speed and depth of biological destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impregnation of reinforcing fabric by a viscous self-hardening composition is one of the most difficult technological processes in production of composite materials. Inhomogeneities in the form of air bubbles, despite the use of vacuum impregnation technology, can have a negative effect on the solidity and strength of the composite. To develop new technical solutions for the improvement of the impregnation process, information on the nature of inter-fiber poresize distribution is needed. The most promising approach to obtaining such data is the construction of a computer model of the fiber structure based on a preliminary stage of its research. The existing systems of modeling the structure of textile materials are rather difficult and universal and are developed for commercial use. In such systems, user functions are limited to entering the source data and getting ready results, it can not control the modeling process. Therefore, the goal of creating the own simple and transparent model for the level of inter-fiber spaces is set in the paper. In this model, the main thing is a geometric aspect of the fiber structure, important from the point of view of the process of its impregnation. The geometric parameters of inter-fiber pores of the flat fiber in the structure of reinforcing fabric were defined. The function of interfiber pore-size distribution was constructed. The obtained results can be used in the development of new technical solutions on the improvement of the process of impregnation of the fiber structure of reinforcing fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of clinoptilolite modified with manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2/N-CLI) have been obtained by incipient wetness impregnation method with subsequent drying at 110 °C until constant weight. Natural clinoptilolite and MnCl2/N-CLI samples have been characterized by X-ray method and tested in the reaction of low-temperature ozone decomposition. Dependent on occupancy of clinoptilolite surface by manganese(II) chloride, manganese (II) complexes with various composition and activity are formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]