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Disk-type spherical working tools are widely used in soil-cultivating machines, where they serve as an element base for combined units and disk harrows, including the multi-row ones with disks on individual racks. The tools are used in the implementation of traditional technologies based on reversible plowing, with surface tillage after late-harvested predecessors, for example, corn, sunflower, and also in NO-TIL technologies. (Research purpose) To determine the arrangement of working tools on the disk harrow frame, which reduces the required number of disks and improves the quality of soil cultivation. (Materials and methods) The authors have analyzed the arrangement of disk harrow working tools and determined their rational arrangement and mutual positions in the rows, which increases the tillage width between adjacent soil strips, thus improving the completeness of soil shearing and loosening over the entire operating width with simultaneous decreasing of the required number of disks. (Results and discussion) The authors have determined the interrelated arrangement of disks in their rows, aimed at improving soil shearing, so that the number of strips tilled into a ridge by adjacent disks increases. It has been shown that the arrangement of working tools of the consecutive row determined by the orientation of the adjacent disks of the previous row, allows to economize one working tool for every 400 mm of its operating width when shearing the soil all the way across the entire width of the disk harrow. (Conclusions) It has been established that when soil is tilled with a disk and moved toward the already processed adjacent strip, the technological width of the disk coverage increases due to the deformation of soil tearing and shearing. The authors have proposed the arrangement order of spherical disks and their mutual orientation, which improves the quality of soil cultivation, the completeness of soil shearing along the entire operating width, and leads to a reduction in the number of disks.

Modern agricultural enterprises need universal seeders suitable for sowing various types of seeds in different soil conditions. Seeders should be available for agronomic requirements for planting in various conditions: high humidity, constantly desired depth of planting and other factors. The authors developed and manufactured a pneumatic sowing machine on the basis of modular combined adapter BMKA. The combined unit is designed for secondary tillage, sowing and covering of seeds of small-seeded crops such as flax. BMKА is equipped with pneumatic horizontal disc sowing unit, two units helical rotary harrows, unit of cultivation and coulter group. Created design ensures a quality soil preparation, uniform seeding small-seeded crops and set depth of covering. A rotary harrow has several main parameters: diameter is 180 mm; height of teeth equals 120 mm; helix pitch distance is 80 mm. Soil cultivation is possible at depth down to 140 mm. Optimal parameters and modes of operation of the sowing machine: disc diameter - 600 mm, seed cell diameter is 8 mm, the pressure in the pneumatic system - 0.13 MPa, frequency of rotation of the disc equals 65 rpm. BMKA manufacturing application increases the yield of straw by 13.7-33.1 percent, seeds of flax by 19.6-31.3 percent in comparison with the control variant. The annual economic effect is 2035-3034 rubles per 1 ha, when the payback period is one season. The machine manufacturing application provides high-quality seeds for breeding and seed production.

Power consumption decrease is an important factor at the soil tillage and for the choice of working tools, in particular disc ones which are mounted on plow, harrow, disc headers, and stubblers. The authors have assumed that transformation of the external blade edge of a segment of a cutout disc towards his concave surface will reduce power consumption of interaction. A laboratory setup was used for mounting V-shaped and chisel-tipe tines, plow bodies, disc working tools. A lead angle and tillage depth can be changet due to basic wheels. Segments of three 560 mm cutout disks were plastic deformed. The external bladeg edge of a segment was unbent by means of a templet and controlled by the measuring tool. Test conditions: a background is a cereal crops stubble, soil type is clay loam, absolute humidity equals 24.47 percent, hardness is 2.44 MPas. The horizontal component of traction resistance of cutout discs with the blade edge transformed by 1, 2 and 3 degrees external is less than similar parameter of standard working tool on 24.86; 30.92 and 27.48 percent respectively. At the same time degree of plant remains incorporation accrued by 2.63; 5.96 and 8.30 percent in absolute terms. The soil surface crumbling coefficient increased by 2.27; 4.51 and 20.33 percent in absolute terms. The size of a surface roughness decreased by 12.75; 33.33 and 41.44 percent respectively.

In the article the layout diagram of teeth of hinged oscillatory spike-tooth harrow on the framework and the research results for substantiation of its row-spacing width are specified