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Current international relations are facing “profound changes unseen in a century” . The evolution of the international order is the most important characteri stic of this process. As a representative thought of China's understanding of the evolution of the international order, “Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy” is considered the main guiding principle of contemporary Chinese diplomacy. It prominently reflects China’s fundamental views on international relations, major-country politics, and international institutions, and will also have a significant impact on the development of China-Russia relations. The main characteristics of the current evolution of the international order are the formation of a complex bipolarity in the power structure, changes in dominant ideas, and diversification of multilateral cooperation systems. Faced with major changes in the international order, China believes that the world is enter ing a period of turbulence in which the process of power transition will continue, during which China needs to further participate in global governance. The Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy advocates the leadership role of the party in China’s foreign policy decision-making and points out three core concepts: a community with shared future for mankind, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and a new type of international relations. In the future development of China-Russia relations, both countries will continue to uphold a comprehensive strategic partnership and coordination for the new era. At the same time, when faced with changes in dominant ideas, China and Russia can engage in closer cooperation on how to build “a community of shared future” in the new era. In response to the changes in multilateral systems, China and Russia can promote further alliance, thereby developing “new types of international relations” at the multilateral level. As major countries in the international system, the effective expansion of China-Russia cooperation will bring great geopolitical and geo-economic benefits to the Eurasian region. In addition, the interaction and cooperation between the two countries will inevitably shape the new pattern of the international politics in the 21st century.

The review summarizes the results of the Russian-Chinese expert seminar “Development of Science Diplomacy in the Arctic under the Global Challenges”, which was organized in December 2023 in Arkhangelsk, Russia. The aim of the seminar is described: accumulation of intellectual resources of universities and scientific institutes of Russia and China. The need to unite the scientific potential of the two countries is determined by the current geopolitical context, in which the development of relevant functional solutions to international humanitarian issues becomes extremely important. The seminar was organized by the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov together with the project partners — Beijing Institute of Technology (PRC) and the Association “National Arctic Scientific and Educational Consortium” within the framework of the project of the Alexander Gorchakov Public Diplomacy Fund. The event resulted in a final document (recommendations) on further development of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on sleep disorders. Previous studies have shown that people's sleep time is delayed. Methods: Analyze the public's interest to the keyword "sleep disorder" during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2019 to December 2022 using Google Trends. The study also focused on the search trend data of the top three countries with high to low overall search frequency for this keyword. Results: It has been observed that during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public's search interest for "sleep disorder" has significantly increased. Analyzing Google Trends from December 2019 to December 2022, the top three countries with high interest in searching for "sleep disorder" are the United States, the Philippines, and Canada. It shows that search interest in the United States is an increasing trend year by year, and the overall trend is relatively stable. The search trend for "sleep disorder" among Filipino netizens fluctuates greatly and is generally on a downward trend. The search trend for "sleep disorder" among Canadian netizens is moderate, and the overall trend is like that of Filipinos. It is worth noting that the Google Trends for "sleep disorder" among Filipino and Canadian netizens has changed from an overall increase to an overall decrease in 2020 as the watershed. This indicates a temporal correlation between the surge in COVID-19 cases and online search for "sleep disorder". Conclusion: It shows that public interest in "sleep disorder" has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there may be a certain correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep disorders. These are worthy of further exploration by researchers, especially the changes in people's daily routines caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn affect people's sleep quality.

This study delves into the intricate usage of certainty stance adverbs in the academic writings of the Chinese. The object of this study is to conduct a contrastive analysis of certainty stance adverbs between Chinese linguistic MA novices and linguistic experts. The subject of this study is to explore the similarities and differences in the use of these adverbs within the academic discourse of the two groups mentioned. In addressing these disparities, the study seeks to analyze them from the perspective of interlanguage and interpersonal function, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the production of high-quality academic papers by the Chinese. The study employs two key methods: the contrastive analysis method and the corpus-based method. The novelty of the study lies in its contrastive examination of certainty stance adverbs between Chinese linguistic MA novices and experts. Through an in-depth analysis of theoretical frameworks and linguistic data extracted from the MA theses of Chinese linguistic novices and research articles of linguistic experts, the study underscores the importance of considering the similarities and differences in the use of certainty stance adverbs within the realm of second language acquisition and pragmatic studies. This consideration aims to refine learners’ syntactical and pragmatic command of certainty stance adverbs to align with expert academic discourse, ultimately fostering effective interpersonal communication in academic writing. The findings of this research offer valuable insights into the specific linguistic challenges encountered by the Chinese, thereby laying a solid groundwork for the development of targeted pedagogical strategies to bolster their academic writing skills.

This review provides an assessment of the influence of the parameters of the laser hardening mode on the quality of the surface and the surface layer. It is presented how the processing speed, radiation power, surface heating temperature, initial structure during, the number of passes laser hardening affect the geometric parameters of the laser exposure zone, roughness, hardness and wear resistance of the surface, deformation, magnitude and sign of residual stresses in the surface layer. The conclusion is made in the form of recommendations on the selection of parameters of the laser hardening mode to obtain a given surface quality and surface layer of machine parts.

Although widely used in the textile industry, methyl orange is considered one of the most toxic dyes, which have negative impacts on the aquatic environment and needs to be removed from water bodies. Hence, the present paper reports the synthesis of new floating photo-Fenton catalysts based on the immobilization of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the surface of Luffa sponges for the oxalate-induced-degradation of methyl orange. The floating catalytic sponges were prepared through a simple precipitation method followed by a reflux heating process and then characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments. According to the experimental results, methyl orange was effectively degraded over our floating catalytic sponges under light illumination at near neutral pH. The catalytic activity was also found to be enhanced with the increase in crystallinity of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which can be achieved by the reflux heating. Besides, owing to the floating feature, these sponges are easily separated from the solution, thereby not forming a secondary source of pollution for water

Introduction Proximal femur fractures can be associated with nailing and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Treatment of elderly inpatients necessitates adequate postoperative pain relief. Obese patients require specific inpatient and outpatient treatments. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of pain relief in obese patients at the stages of rehabilitation after primary THA performed for a proximal femur fracture. Material and methods VAS score was compared in two groups of 60 clinical cases to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative multimodal pain relief using the author's method. Results Comparable results of an effective and stable pain relief were obtained in the two groups by the time the patient was discharged from the hospital 5-6 days after THA. Multimodal analgesia with a glucocorticosteroid injected in the projection of the sacroiliac joint provided an effect being greater by 29 % than with use of opioids after two postoperative days and by 11 % after five postoperative days. Discussion Old age, comorbidities are associated with optimal surgical strategy. THA in patients with extra-articular proximal femur fractures can improve the rehabilitation potential early after surgery and general clinical and functional results providing high quality of life in the late rehabilitation period. Conclusion THA demonstrated a stable positive effect of pain relief in the study group of patients with proximal femur fractures, regardless of the weight and the height. Positive dynamics in pain relief was seen in patients with elevated BMI of any gradation, including those with BMI ≥ 40.

Salmonella enterica is one of dangerous food-borne pathogens listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Vietnam, poultry is one of the most widely eaten meats and is reported as a common source of S. enterica contamination. The aim of this study was to examine multi-resistant Salmonella strains, to identify susceptibility to antibiotics by using 15 different types of medications and to perform sequencing to analyze antibiotic resistance genes, genotypes, multi-locus sequence-based typing (MLST), and plasmids. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that phenotypic resistance to 9–11 types of antimicrobials was confirmed in all strains. Among 06 sequenced strains, we identified 43 genes associated with antibiotic resistance: strains carrying a range of genes that are associated with aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aac(6), ant(3), aph(3), aph(6), aadA); all strains carried blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-65 gene, which were resistant to the 3rd generation antibiotics; there were also frequently observed sul1, sul2, sul3, tet (A), qnrS1, floR, dfrA14 or dfrA27 genes in sequenced isolates. Besides, the genome sequencing also indicated that all strains carried pathogenicity islands SPI 1, SPI 2, and SPI 3 thereby creating many potential triggers of the disease. Additionally, some carried C63PI, SPI 9, SPI 13, SPI 14, and plus some plasmids such as Col156, IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncFIB, Col (MGD2).

Project description. This article is the result of the research project in the field of art of Heilongjiang Province "Research on the spread of non-material culture of Heilongjiang Province, bordering Russia, within the framework of the One Belt, One Road Initiative" (No. 20180028). With the rapid development of the economy, the preservation of national and local cultural heritage acquires new features. The era of new media provides new opportunities for the dissemination of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities. This article explores the strategy for disseminating the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in the era of new media from the point of view of the subjects of communication, the platform of communication and the content of communication, in order to transfer experience in the preservation, updating and promotion of the intangible cultural heritage to ethnic minority areas. Relevance. Nowadays in the era of globalization of all aspects of the life of countries and peoples, it is very important to preserve their national roots, not to lose their culture and identity. Therefore, intangible cultural heritage is a powerful evidence of the development of Chinese history. The task is to analyze the strategies for disseminating the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in the era of modern media. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage in the era of modern media and their transfer to the future generation. China and Russia have centuries-old history and excellent intangible cultural heritage. Each country has its own unique national culture. Cultural ties between Russia and China today have reached a new level, are actively developing, covering almost all areas: science, tourism, education, art, etc. Russians and Chinese have a growing interest in all spheres of life of each other's peoples. The fascination of Russian contemporaries (especially young people) with the cultural traditions of the Chinese is associated with the process of globalization of culture and the consequences of national identity.

With the advent of wide band-gap semiconductors like SiC and GaN, the frequency of pulse-width modulation has increased. In modern electric drives, the switching frequency can reach 100 kHz or more. In this case the performance of the drive is limited by the delay in the current feedback measurement. This delay can be changed by using deltasigma modulators. This type of current sensors allows setting the measurement time. However, as the measurement time decreases, the accuracy of the feedback reduces. This paper proposes the algorithm in which the current controller uses variable-precision feedback. When the error between the reference and feedback is large, it uses faster but less accurate current feedback. When the error is small, it uses slower but accurate feedback. Changing the feedback measurement time requires changing the current controller gains. The algorithm was investigated on a virtual servo drive model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed regulator, the results were compared with standard regulators with different settings. It was proved that this approach allows increasing the speed of the current loop without loss in the transient performance. Besides, the algorithm increases the cut-off frequency in comparison with the standard slow and accurate controller.

Aim: specify the spike color inheritance in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) hybrids. Methods: reciprocal hybrids between the black-spikeed UA0300282 and white-spikeed UA0300311 cultivated einkorn accessions were created with the use of the “single cross” method. Four generations were analyzed using the segregation analysis method: P1, P2, F1, and F2 at autumn and spring sowing. Results: it was found that for the combination UA0300311 × UA0300282 at autumn sowing, the most suitable inheritance model is MX2-EA-AD, which implies the presence of two main genes with an equal additive effect plus polygene systems with an additive-dominant effect. In the plants of spring sowing, spike color is described by the MX2-CD-AD model, which suggests the presence of two major genes with full dominant effect plus polygenes with additive-dominant effect. In the reciprocal combination UA0300282 × UA0300311, the optimal model that describes best the spike color dispersion in plants of autumn sowing is MX2-ADI-AD, which suggests the presence of two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus polygenes with the additive-dominant effect. Distribution of the spring-sowing plants in terms of the spike color is well described by the MX2-ADI-ADI model – two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus a system of polygenes also with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect. The genes manifest themselves differently in the trait control depending on the weather conditions determined by the sowing time. In the group of direct combination plants (UA0300311 × UA0300282) of autumn sowing, heritability determined by the main gene is 97%, while that determined by polygenes is 2.7%; at spring sowing, these values are 67% and 32% respectively. In the reciprocal combination (UA0300282 × UA0300311) of autumn sowing, the main genes heritability effect is 99%, and the polygenic system accounts for 1%; in plants of spring sowing, respectively, 72%, and 28%. Conclusions: on the basis of the spike color expressiveness in the crossing combination of the einkorn kinds of wheat UA0300311 × UA0300282, the parental forms differ in two main genes and polygenes. The ratio of spike color heritability components depends on the growing conditions: at autumn sowing, 97–99 % of heritability is determined by the main genes, the polygenes account for 1–3 % of phenotypic variability; at spring sowing, the heritability component increases to 28–33 % due to the polygenic complex.

Diploid einkorn wheat (2n = 14) is an ancient crop that people cultivate for 10 thousand years. The grain of this wheat is a valuable product for a healthy diet, which determines the increasing interest in einkorn wheat by scientists and agricultural producers. Meanwhile, the wide use of this crop is hindered by several shortcomings that complicate the usage of modern technologies: low yield, ear fragility, a tendency to lodging, and difficult grain threshing. Nevertheless, there are some preconditions for improving the agronomic properties of this crop. We carried out crosses in seven combinations with the use of three wheat species (T. boeoticum, T. monococcum, T. sinskajae) to improve the diploid einkorn wheat in terms of productivity and threshing. In total, the hybrid seed set in the crosses varies from 6.3 % to 79.7 %. In the combination of cultivated wheat T. sinskajae with wild T. boeoticum, differences in the results of reciprocal crosses are observed specifically in the hybrid seed set (in the forward cross it equals 6.3 %; in the reverse one, 48.9 %). Hybrids from reciprocal crosses of T. monococcum var. sofianum UA0300649 and T. sinskajae f. aristata were equivalent in seed set (72 and 82 %) and inheritance patterns and had similar quantitative traits. In other combinations, the seed set varied from 12.5 to 45.6 %. Hybrid depression was the most frequent (22 cases out of 49) inheritance type of the F1 quantitative traits in einkorns; dominance of the parent form with a large trait manifestation was registered in 11 cases, and heterosis in four cases. In hybrids, the inheritance of spike length is correlated with the inheritance type of the ear number (r = 0.92) and the grain number (r = 0.78) per spike. The dominance degrees after these two traits are also highly correlated (r = 0.89). The combination UA0300400 T. boeoticum var. thaoudar ARM / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae RUS, which manifested heterosis for kernel number per spike (Hp = 1.2), the weight of spike (Hp = 11.8) and weight of kernels per spike (Hp = 5.4) is of particular interest. The combination UA0300222 T. monococcum var. hohensteinii / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae is promising for creating easily threshed material.

Public participation aimed at improving the effectiveness of governance by involving citizens in governance policy formulation and decision-making processes. It was designed to promote transparency, accountability and effectiveness of any modern government. Although Kenya has legally adopted public participation in day-to-day government activities, challenges still cripple its effectiveness as documented by several scholars. Instead of reducing conflicts between the government and the public, it has heightened witnessing so many petitions of government missing on priorities in terms of development and government policies. Results show that participation weakly relates with governance hence frictions sustainable development. Theoretically, public participation influences governance efficiency and development, directly and indirectly, thus sustainable development policy and implementation depends on Public participation and good governance. However, an effective public participation in governance is has been fractioned by the government. Instead of being a promoter/sponsor of public participation, the government of Kenya has failed to put structures that would spur participation of citizens in policy making and other days to activities. This has brought about wrong priority setting and misappropriation of public resources; The government officials and political class interference ultimately limit public opinion and input effects on decision-making and policy formulation, which might be an inner factor determining the failure of public participation in Kenya. The study suggests the need for strengthening public participation by establishing an independent institution to preside over public participation processes.

Public participation aimed at improving the effectiveness of governance by involving citizens in governance policy formulation and decision-making processes. It was designed to promote transparency, accountability and effectiveness of any modern government. Although Kenya has legally adopted public participation in day-to-day government activities, challenges still cripple its effectiveness as documented by several scholars. Instead of reducing conflicts between the government and the public, it has heightened witnessing so many petitions of government missing on priorities in terms of development and government policies. Results show that participation weakly relates with governance hence frictions sustainable development. Theoretically, public participation influences governance efficiency and development, directly and indirectly, thus sustainable development policy and implementation depends on Public participation and good governance. However, an effective public participation in governance is has been fractioned by the government. Instead of being a promoter/sponsor of public participation, the government of Kenya has failed to put structures that would spur participation of citizens in policy making and other days to activities. This has brought about wrong priority setting and misappropriation of public resources; The government officials and political class interference ultimately limit public opinion and input effects on decision-making and policy formulation, which might be an inner factor determining the failure of public participation in Kenya. The study suggests the need for strengthening public participation by establishing an independent institution to preside over public participation processes.

Purpose To explore the value of ultrasound in the treatment of bone union at the docking site by accordion technique. Methods Sixteen patients were recruited. The accordion operation was performed at the docking site after bone transport. The specific operation process was compression, suspension of adjustment, distraction, retraction. Ultrasound was used to monitor the hematoma, blood flow and callus in and around the docking site at each stage. Results (1) At the compression, there were 14 cases with hematoma and 2 cases without hematoma. (2) The size of hematoma was negatively correlated with the bone healing time of the docking site and the blood flow resistance index. (3) The Adler grading of blood flow gradually increased before the retraction, and then gradually decreased. But the degree of callus mineralization continued to rise. Conclusion (1) Ultrasound can dynamically monitor the change trend of hematoma, blood flow and new callus at the docking site during accordion operation, so as to predict the tendency of bone healing at the docking site. (2) This study can preliminarily demonstrate that the compression stress applied in accordion technique can promote the bone healing at the docking site.

Objective To evaluate the use of Ilizarov external mini-fixation in the treatment of Monteggia fractures (dislocation of the radial head with an associated fracture of the proximal ulna) in children. Methods Children with proximal ulnar fracture were included and underwent fracture reduction surgery with Ilizarov external mini-fixators, followed by immobilization of the supinated forearm with plaster. The reduction was evaluated intra-operatively using arthrography. Mackay criteria were used to evaluate clinical outcomes at follow-up. Results A total of 15 children were included in the study. Mackay efficacy was 100 %, indicating excellent outcomes using the Ilizarov external mini-fixator. Conclusion Use of the Ilizarov external mini–fixator is particularly suitable in the treatment of children with comminuted and compression fractures of proximal ulna. It is easy to operate, low invasive and is worthy of promotion.

Introduction Reduction of time to restore bone integrity remains one of the main problems in traumatology and orthopedics. To solve this problem, various kinds of components have been used, one of which are bisphosphonates. This article presents an experiment, the purpose of which was to study the effect of components based on etidronates of lanthanide or calcium on blood indicators by different ways of their introduction into the femoral fracture site in experimental animals. Materials and methods Studies were conducted on 75 male rats aged 5–6 months, weighing 300–350 g. A femoral fracture was modeled in all animals, and retrograde intramedullary osteosynthesis was performed. Animals were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 received no components; a component based on etidronates of lanthanide and calcium was introduced in group 2 through a catheter; group 3 had paraossal administration of etidronates of lanthanide and calcium; group 4 had paraossal introduction of a component based on etidronate calcium through a catheter; and group 5 had introduction of components based on etidronates and calcium. Animals received the investigated components twice in the fracture zone on days 3 and 5 after the operation, except the comparison group. Results In groups with a catheter, the most pronounced local inflammatory response was observed. Changes in hemoglobin concentration were observed in all groups, in the early (7 days) period. It was found that in rats which were injected with components containing lanthanides, the average content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes were identical to those of group 1. Conclusion The study revealed that the components, which include lanthanide ions do not cause negative changes in the rat blood according to hematological tests.

Purpose of the study — to evaluate bone density at the femur fracture site with local introduction of preparations based on etidronate lanthanide ions and calcium in the experiment. Materials and Methods. The experiment included 45 male rats divided into three comparable groups equal in quantity. The experiment in control group was performed without stimulation of bone formation, preparation based on etidronate lanthanide ions and calcium were introduced to the animals of the first group and preparation containing etidronate and calcium (without lanthanide ions) were used in the second group. Preparation was introduced twice at the site of femoral fracture in the study groups of animals. The authors performed daily clinical monitoring and measured the density of the cortical bone at the fracture site using computer tomography. Results. Earlier support on the operated limb was observed after introduction of etidronate lanthanide ions and calcium. In the respective study group after introduction of the preparation the authors reported statistically significant 20% higher cortex density at earlier terms in contrast to the control group, and 24% higher density as compared to group with introduction of etidronates and calcium (without lanthanide ions). By day 30 cortical plate density in the group with introduction of preparation based on lanthanide ions was statistically significantly higher at 37% as compared to two other groups. Conclusion. The authors observed a positive effect of studied preparations on bone regenerate formation in rats. Data of the present research allows to conclude that periosteal introduction of preparations based on etidronate lanthanide ions and calcium at the osteotomy site provides formation of a cortical plate with improved density properties, and normalization of density indicators in the present group occurred in earlier terms that in the group with preparation based on etidronates and calcium (without lanthanide ions).

Contamination of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens in raw food is becoming an increased health risk in numerous countries, including Vietnam where raw herbs and vegetables are used daily in many dishes as a flavor enhancer and a source of vitamin and nutrients. However, raw vegetables can also be a reservoir of various foodborne pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, we evaluated the extent of Pseudomonas spp. contamination in 180 ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables samples from restaurants in Hanoi, examined their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and determined the ability to produce β-lactamase enzymes of Pseudomonas spp. strains. Our results showed that 21.67 % (n = 39) of ready-to-eat vegetables samples in Hanoi were contaminated with Pseudomonas spp.. Of those, sixteen samples were determined to be β-lactamase producing strains including Pseudomonas putida, P. mendocina and P. aeruginosa. Further analysis revealed six strains (37.50 %) producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme, five strains (31.25 %) producing ampC β-lactamase enzyme and five strain (31.25 %) producing both ESBL and ampC β-lactamases. It can be concluded that ready-to-eat vegetables in Hanoi would be a source of contamination of β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas spp. that could pose a threat to public health in the community.

Introduction Injuries of the proximal femur remains a significant problem of management in the elderly persons. The traditional approach comprising osteosynthesis of bone fragments is a method of choice in standard situations but showed to be insufficient in patients with an increased body mass index (BMI). Significant delay in full weight-bearing walking ability in this group of patients after fixation with dynamic systems needs to be solved with a nonstandard approach to their treatment. Therefore, arthroplasty after fractures of the proximal femur allows us to hope for an improved walking already in the early stages of rehabilitation in such a difficult group of patients. Methods Early results of hip replacement in 52 patients with fractures of the proximal femur were analyzed. They were divided into two groups: group I with obesity (28 cases, BMI ≥ 25) and group II with a normal body weight (24 cases, BMI < 25). Intraoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and blood loss counts, duration of the operation, frequency of early complications and the Harris hip score at six and 12 months after surgery were compared. Results Statistical analysis of the parameters showed a significant relationship between overweight, duration of the operation and blood loss, as well as clinical and functional treatment outcomes at six months after joint replacement measured with HHS scale (p < 0.05). Significant efficiency of arthroplasty was revealed in the rehabilitation period. Conclusion Obesity complicates hip arthroplasty but significantly affects the body response of patients with injuries in the hip area only in the early stages of treatment.

The publication presents the results of the exposure assessment within the framework of a joint Russian-Vietnamese study aimed at children’s health risk assessment associated with the N-nitrosamines contamination in food. People who permanently cared for children aged from six months to three years were questioned in two urbanized areas of Vietnam and Russia – in the cities of Hanoi (n=481) and Perm (n=183). It is shown that the structure of food consumption among children up to three years differs significantly. Children’s nutrition in Russia is includes a lot of dry soluble cereals and canned meat/vegetables. The most common product in children's nutrition in Vietnam has no analogues in Russia: it is purchased cereals prepared in specialized stores. Canned foods and dry soluble cereals are also included in the diet of children in Vietnam, but the share of consumers and consumption volumes for them are significantly lower than in Russia. Thus, in the age group of 6–12 months, the share of consumers in Russia is 53 %, in Vietnam – 21 %, the median distribution of average daily consumption in Russia is 152 grams, in Vietnam – 28 grams. Taking into account the share of consumers, as well as the volume and frequency of consumption, we determined the priority products for the children’s health risk assessment associated with the N-nitrosamines contamination in food. They are canned meat and dry soluble cereals in Russia; grilled meat and sausages; in Vietnam.

A method has been developed for the separation of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Experimental designs were applied for multivariate optimization of the HPLC experimental conditions with using response surface methodology (RSM). Three independent factors, namely formic acid concentration, initial ratio of acetonitrile in gradient program and flow rate, were used to design mathematical models. The responses were resolutions of four peak couples which were the most difficult to separate including: pelargonidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin, delphinidin and peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside, peonidin and malvidin. Variance analysis proved a chosen model was highly fit and the RSM method yielded good results in improving separation of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. The optimized HPLC parameters were as follows: C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm), mobile phase is FA 10 % and ACN used as a gradient; flow rate 0.8 mL.min-1. Using these optimum conditions, separation of compounds with good resolutions and a run time of less than 30 min were archived. The results for method validation satisfied the requirement of AOAC, linearity range from 0.2–10 ppm with R2 ≥ 0.9955, LOD from 0.05–0.1 mg/kg, RSD from 4.79–6.45 % and the recovery is from 85.4 – 109.6 %. The method was applied to determone anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in some fruits and vegetables samples with the content of anthocyanidins being from 5.74 – 218.27 mg/100g. Anthocyanins primarily concentrate in peel of fruits and vegetables, black bean peel contains most anthocyanins.

The Przewalski's horse Equus ferus przewalskii was extinct in the wild in the middle of the XX century. Since 1985, the Chinese government has formulated a three-step plan of «the introduction of captive breeding horses – establishing a semi-free population – the restoration of a population in the wild» and carried out the reintroduction of the Przewalski's horses. The first three batches of wild horses were introduced to Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding Centre, Wuwei Endangered Species Breeding Centre and Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park. After acclimation and captive breeding, those Przewalski's horses were softly released into the nature reserves in its original ranges in the Mt. Kalamaili Nature Reserve, the Anxi Extreme-arid Desert Nature Reserve and the Dunhuang West Lake Nature Reserve in the new millennium. The released horses are allowed to retain to the large fenced areas at releasing sites with supplementary feed and water. Thus, the wild horses in Chine formed the Xinjiang population, the Wuwei-Dunhuang population and the Beijing-Anxi population. All 23 wild horses that survived in Anxi Extreme-arid Desert Nature Reserve in 2017 were born after the re-translocation from Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park. The number of wild horses in the Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park increased from two in 1998 to five by the end of 2018. By the end of 2018, there are 413 wild horse descendants from the reintroduced herd in the Xinjiang population. Among them, 89 wild horses were kept in the breeding paddocks of the Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding Centre, 102 were semi-free ranging in the fenced area of the centre, and 221 re-wild horses lived in the Mt. Kalamaili Nature Reserve. Meanwhile, the Przewalski's horse population in the Dunhuang West Lake Nature Reserve increased to 60. The Wuwei Endangered Animal Breeding Centre released seven wild horses in its Minqin Qinghu Base near the Badanjilin desert. Habitat deterioration, inbreeding, parasitic diseases, wolf predation, infanticide and crossbreeding with domestic horses are the major problems in all Przewalski's horse populations in China. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Working Group downgraded the Przewalski's wild horse to the status of «Endangered» mainly based on the status of wild horses in Mongolia. Nevertheless, the Red List category of Przewalski's horse in China was still «Extinct in Wild» because the wild horses in these populations still need artificial supplementary feed and water, also need to add new breeding individuals. Thus, real wild population has not yet been established in China.

A risk assessment study of 6 types of food additives (including benzoates, sorbates, cyclamate, saccharin, tartrazine, and sunset yellow) in Vietnamese diets was conducted based on the food consumption research and food additives concentration followed by the guideline of World Health Organization. Surveys on food consumption and food sampling were conducted in 6 provinces including Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh, Thua Thien Hue, Nam Dinh, Tay Ninh and Quang Tri. The survey results have determined the amount of food consumed for each different food product groups on different age groups. Test results of 6 food additives including benzoates, sorbates, saccharins, cyclamates, tartrazine and sunset yellow FCF using HPLC method show that benzoates and sorbates are the two most discovered groups of substances in the tested samples. The highest concentrations of these compounds were on jelly, soft drinks, ground meat, chilli sauce … Types of food additives used as sweeteners are common in dried fruits, jam; the cyclamate content was very high in these two product groups. The colouring agents content were at a much lower level, mainly found in chili sauce. Risk assessment results show that total intake of sorbate and benzoate in the group of children under 5 years old were the highest value, which was 38 % of ADI. For all other age groups, the risk ranged from 10.6 to 34.0 % ADI for benzoates and from 0.56 to 1.8 % ADI for sorbates. For the remaining 4 food additives, total consumption was much lower than their ADIs. With the assumption that people used all types of food, 0.8 % of the population had the intake of benzoate exceed its ADI.

This paper research the relationship between external debt and economic growth. Using the debt Laffer curve theory, the authors determine the maximum debt level of the Southeast Asian countries. Secondary data period 2006–2014 of 10 countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations are collected from the Asian Development Bank and the International Monetary Fund website. The authors use the method of regression for balanced panel data with a fixed effect model. The research results indicate that there exists a nonlinear relationship between external debt and economic growth in the Southeast Asian countries, including five variables: budget balance to gross domestic product, the lag of gross domestic product growth, the ratio of total investment to gross domestic product, the ratio of external debt to gross domestic product and the ratio of debt payments on exports of goods and services. These five variables are significant statistics and explain the meaning 24.87 % of the model. The other two: trade openness and trade index are not statistically significant. On the other hand, the research results have found the maximum debt level of the Southeast Asian countries, which is 70.42 %. Based on the study results, the authors suggest some recommendations to help the government of the Southeast Asian countries to build up the maximum debt levels, in line with the socio-economic development goals of their countries in each period.

The structure of the ear is one of the most important features of cereals associated with such agronomically important traits as productivity, resistance to environmental factors and pests, threshebility. Ears differ in shape, size, density, awnedness, color, etc. Analysis of the ear traits requires visual inspection, manual measurements and is very time-consuming. The effectiveness of ears’ phenotyping can be improved by the introduction of an automated image processing technology, storage of information in databases, use of machine learning algorithms to analyze this information. This paper presents a new approach for collecting, storing and analyzing of information about morphometric characteristics of ears of wheat. Two protocols for obtaining digital images of the ear have been developed. The computer-aided information system SpikeDroidDB has been developed, which allows you to store digital images of the ear, annotate their phenotypic features (14 features, including plant variety description, links to parent genotypes, generation, planting number, ear morphology description). The interface provides a flexible query system to access the data. SpikeDroidDB represents an interconnected representation between genotype, phenotype, location, and growing conditions. The web interface of SpikeDroidDB is available at http://spikedroid.biores. cytogen.ru/ and allows you to work with the system as with desktop computers or mobile devices. We used SpikeDroidDB for the digitization and annotation of a collection of ears of F2 hybrids from crosses between the Australian cultivar of common wheat Triple Dirk and accession KU506 of Chinese wheat Triticum yunnanense. This experiment includes analysis of 104 plants, 230 spike images. The analysis of the variability of ears in form, length, and other traits allowed determination of the type of their genetic control: compactness is controlled by two recessive genes, awn type and hairi ness at the site of attachment of the spikelet to the axis is controlled by single dominant gene type, hairiness on the axis of the spike is controlled by two dominant genes.

Degenerative scoliosis is a prevalent issue among the aging population. Controversy remains over the role of surgical intervention in patients with this disease. Authors carry out the review of literature data, consider various approaches of surgical treatment depending on a stage of a disease and extent of deformation, including a decompression, instrumented posterior spinal fusion, an anterior spinal fusion, and osteotomy. These treatment options are based on clinical analysis, radiographic analysis of the mechanical stability of the deformity, given pain generators, and necessary sagittal balance. The high potential complication rates appear to be outweighed by the eventual successful clinical outcomes in patients suitable for operative intervention. This approach has had favorable outcomes and could help resolve the controversy.

The subharmonic response of one third order of Duffing oscillator under harmonic and random excitations is investigated for the first time by a technique combining the stochastic averaging method, the equivalent linearization method, and the technique of auxiliary function for Fokker-Planck equation. The averaged equations are linear zed so that the stationary density function of the approximate response can be found exactly by the technique of auxiliary function. The one third order subharmonic response obtained by the present technique is validated by numerical simulation. The significant contribution of this work is that it may lead to a new trend in investigating subharmonic oscillators in random nonlinear systems.

An analog device which can simulate myocardium bridge oppresses mural coronary artery is designed. The device can be used to research the dynamic changes of the proximal and distal hoop stresses. Meanwhile, the independent regulation of the hoop stresses is realized. The “myocardial bridge — coronary artery” analog device is built to adjust the external pressure of the simulated coronary artery and the oppression level of the myocardial bridge and to record the changes of the hoop stresses. The In vitro simulation experiment indicate that the anomaly of hoop stress mainly occurs in the proximal end. As the oppression level increases, the mean proximal hoop stress and the oscillatory value (maximum-minimum) increase obviously. The “myocardial bridge — coronary artery” analog device can provide a method to study the influence of the hoop stress on the mural coronary artery in vitro.

Environmental cues play important roles in the regulation of an animal’s physiology and behavior. In the present study, we performed a factorial experiment (temperature/photoperiod) in which Tupaia belangeri was acclimated to different photoperiods (long photoperiod, 16L:8D; short photoperiod, 8L:16D) and temperatures (warm, 30oC; cold, 5oC) to test the hypothesis that photoperiod, temperature, or both together can trigger changes in energy budgets and endocrine hormones concentrations. The results showed that temperature, photoperiod had a significant effect on energy intake, and digestible energy intake. Both short photoperiod and cold caused animal's gross energy intake to increase by 25.6% and 89.1 %, and caused digestible energy intake to increase by 24.1% and 83.5% respectively compared with that of the initial, but there was no significant interaction between photoperiod and temperature on energy intake and digestible energy intake. Temperature had significant effect on serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations, serum leptin level, photoperiod had a significant effect on TSH and melatonin. The present results suggested that T. belangeri adapt cold stress or short photoperiod by increasing energy intake, and may be regulated by endocrine hormones. Furthermore, leptin and melatonin seem to be involved in the regulation of body mass and energy balance in T. belangeri.

The empirical data on personality self-realization received on the sample of the students from Russia and the far-abroad countries are analyzed in the article. The comparative analysis of the hierarchical structure of the variables of self-realization in the Russian and foreign students is submitted.

The empirical results of the research devoted to the problem of self-realization of students from China are discussed in the article, the specificity of the manifestation of separate variables in the structural organization of the said phenomenon is analyzed.

The structural characteristics of personality self-realization of the Chinese students are analyzed in the article. The hierarchical structure of the expressiveness of the certain variables of the above mentioned phenomenon is examined. On the basis of the factorial analysis the substantial analysis of the self-realization gender distinctions is given.