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The proposed review summarizes recent advances in the study of respiratory microbiota, the relationship between the upper respiratory tract microbiome and the lung, and a discussion of the possible mechanisms of influence of the microbiome on asthma and allergies. Identifying not only pathogenic bacteria, but also commensals in the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract (Gut- Lung axis) is an innovative approach to finding out their role in the development of inflammation and modulation of the immune response in respiratory allergies.

Disturbance of the bronchopulmonary system are among the most common and socially significant diseases, so, the prevention and treatment of these disorders are the priority tasks of practical health care. Being based on the accumulated literature data on the interaction of the intestinal microflora and respiratory tract, the role of symbiotic bacteria of the intestinal biotope has been discussed in the respiratory diseases' pathogenesis. The aim of the work was to analyze the results of experimental and clinical studies confirming the effect of intestinal microflora on the development and progression of respiratory diseases. The analysis of the available data on the risk reducing of occurrence, duration and severity of symptoms of bronchial asthma when taking probiotics, both in childhood and in the adult population, has been carried out. The effectiveness of the probiotic microorganisms' intake for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, viral infection, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer has been analyzed. The main possible molecular mechanisms of the symbiotic bacteria prevention of the bronchopulmonary diseases development have been discussed in the article. Conclusion . The probiotics usage in the complex treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases demonstrates encouraging results. Its potential may be useful in the treatment of various lung diseases. However, a number of questions have been related to the individual selection of specific strains, the dosage and duration of use to achieve sustained remission for a patient., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)