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There have been presented the study results of 11 collection hulled oats samples in comparison with the standard variety ‘Krechet’ conducted at the Falenskaya selection station of the FARC the North-East (the Kirov region) in 2018–2020. The purpose of the current study was to identify sources stable on the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ for the breeding of hulled oats by estimating the adaptability parameters. The soil of the experimental plot was sod-podzolic, medium loamy, the meteorological conditions were contrasting in temperature and precipitation. In the favorable year of 2019, the 1000-grain weight was the highest (34.6–45.9 g), the index of environmental conditions was positive (Ij = 1.6). In the unfavorable year of 2020, the 1000-grain weight was 31.3–41.8 g and the index of environmental conditions was negative (Ij = -1.5). There have been identified the adaptable sources (IEP = 1.08–1.00) ‘15330 KSI 590/05’ (Russia), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15423 Prelekst’, ‘15426 Werva’ (Germany); the stable sources according to the relative stability of the trait (St2 = 0.99–0.91) ‘15280 55 h 2106’, ‘15331 CSI 2167/03’ (Russia), ‘15297 Geszti’ (Hungary), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15428 Bohum’ (Poland), ‘15420 Leniak’ (Germany); the sources with a high level of intensity (I = 24.5 and 19.30%) – ‘15329 CSI 639/05’, ‘15330 CSI 590/05’ and homeostaticity (Hom = 25.28–11.96) ‘15280 55 h 2106’ (Russia), ‘15297 Geszti’ (Hungary), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova); the sources responsive to favorable growing conditions (Kp = 1.11–1.28) ‘15329 KSI 639/05’, ‘15330 KSI 590/05’, ‘15331 KSI 2167/03’ (Russia), ‘15414 Enostar’ (Germany); the most adaptive sources in terms of the sum of ranks ‘15330 CSI 590/05’ and ‘15329 CSI 639/05’ (Russia), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15426 Werva, ‘15414 Enostar’ (Germany). There have been identified significant direct correlations between indicators of stability and homeostaticity (r = 0.96), intensity and coefficient of responsiveness (r = 0.73).

The current paper has presented the results of the estimation of productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Polina’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ when using liquid complex fertilizers ‘Strada N + Mono Sulfur (S)’, ‘Strada P + Mono Sulfur (S)’ and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The treatment of winter wheat plants was carried out in the form of foliar top-dressings in the stages of tillering and stem extension. The study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “Agri- cultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019-2020. The trials were laid in the crop rotation of the laboratory for primary seed production and seed study. The purpose was to study the effect of liquid complex fertilizers on the productivity of the studied winter wheat varieties. When using fertilizers for all varieties, there was a tendency to an increase in the density of the productive stand on 18-61 pcs/m2 in comparison with the control. The variety ‘Krasa Dona’ showed the best indicators of the traits ‘number of grains per head’, ‘grain weight per head’ and ‘1000 grain weight’ being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (43 pcs., 2.19 g and 45.7 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (46 pcs., 2.30 g and 46.5 g). The variety ‘Polina’ showed good results after being treated with ‘Strada P + S’ (48 pcs., 2.30 g and 42.1 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (51 pcs., 2.43 g and 42.4 g). The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed the greatest increase of the trait ‘number of grains’ with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The trait ‘1000 grains weight’ had an increase of 2.3 g, and ‘grain weight per head’ was 0.29 g. The treatment with fertilizers did not affect the trait ‘plant height’. The highest productivity of the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ was obtained when being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (9.4 t / ha) and ‘Diforma Silicon-potassium’ (9.5 t/ha); the productivity of the variety ‘Polina’ increased after ‘Strada P + S’ (8.8 t/ha) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (9.1 t/ha), and the productivity of the variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ increased after ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (8.9 t/ha). The maximum economic effect (19080 rubles/ha) with 9.5 t/ha of productivity was obtained from the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ after the treatment with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The experimental results have shown that the use of complex fertilizers has a positive effect on the productivity of winter wheat plants.

The current paper has presented the data on the efect of bio products “Extrasol”, “Rostok”, “Aquamix” and water-soluble “Aquarin 5” and “Aquarin 9” on productivity and yield structure elements of the intensive winter wheat variety “Niva Stavropoliya” and the half-intensive variety “Viktoriya” sown after oilseed fax on the fertilized felds. There has been established that the largest yields of the variety “Niva Stavropoliya” (5.59 t/ha) and of the variety “Viktoriya” (3.7 t/ha) were formed under the compound use of fertilizers and bio products as follow: Р60К40 before sowing (in a weedfree fallow) and N60Р60К40 (sown after oilseed fax) + N30 in the tillering phase + N30 in the phase of head formation + “Aquamix” (0.1 l/t in seed treatment) + “Aquarin 5” (2 l/ha in the tillering phase) + “Aquarin 9” (2 l/ha in the phase of head formation). There has been identifed that the main yield structure elements of the studied varieties showed their largest values under the compound use of the bio products “Aquamix” and water-soluble “Aquarin 5” and “Aquarin 9” on the fertilized felds. On average for 3 years the variety “Niva Stavropoliya” showed the increase of ‘number of ears’ from 413 pcs per m2 in the control variant, and to 432–467 pcs per m2 in the treated variants. the variety “Victoria 11” had 357 pcs per m2 in the control variant and 379–415 pcs per m2 in the treated variants. In addition, in comparison with the control variants, there has been identifed an increase of other yield structure elements, namely “number of grains per head”, “grain weight per head” and “1000-grain weight”.

В данной работе представлены оценки хозяйственноценных показателей сортов и гибридов яровой пшеницы. Изучение показателей продуктивности и длительность вегетационного периода выполнена в ботаническом саду Кыргызского национального университета имени Ж.Баласагына. В качестве объектов исследования выбраны 13 сортов и гибридов яровой пшеницы районированные или предлагаемые для районирования в Кыргызстане. При изучении хозяйственно-ценных признаков измеряли высоту растений, длину колоса, количество стеблей, количество колосков, масса зерен с главного колоса, масса зерен с растения и масса 1000 зерен. В период вегетации проводили фенологические наблюдения (всходы, кущение, выход в трубку, колошение, цветение, налив зерна, спелость). Изучены связь длительности межфазных периодов основными структурами элементов продуктивности. Для оценки влияния продолжительности межфазных периодов вегетации на формирование элементов продуктивности рассчитали коэффициенты корреляции., This paper presents estimates of economically valuable indicators of varieties and hybrids of spring wheat. The study of productivity indicators and the duration of the growing season was carried out in the Botanical Garden of KNU named after J.Balasagyn. When studying economically valuable traits, plant height, spike length, number of stems, number of spikelets, weight of grains from the main spike, weight of grains per plant, and weight of 1000 grains were measured. During the growing season, phenological observations were carried out (germination, tillering, budding, heading, flowering, grain filling, ripeness). The relationship between the duration of interphase periods and the main structures of productivity elements has been studied. To assess the effect of the duration of the interphase periods of vegetation on the formation of productivity elements, the correlation coefficients were calculated., НАУКА, НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИННОВАЦИИ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА, Выпуск 3 2022, Pages 124-128

Приведены результаты сравнительной характеристики сортов пшеницы по признакам продуктивности и качества зерна, также изучение количественных признаков и высоты растений. Изучение и оценка количественных признаков сортов позволяет прогнозировать эффективность отбора по наиболее важным из них. При скрещивании среднерослых сортов между собой, в частности, в гибридной комбинации F1 (Безостая 1 * Интенсивная) наблюдается доминирование короткостебельности, а в гибридной комбинации F1 (Эритроспермум 80 * Альбидум) и F1(Безостая 1 * Красновод. 210) наблюдается доминирование высокорослости. У гибридов F1 средние значения числа зерен в колосе всех гибридных комбинаций превышали средние между родителями или были на их уровне, но чаще превосходили лучшего родителя. По содержанию белка в зерне сортов и гибридов пшеницы неполное доминирование меньшего значения признака наблюдалось в гибридной комбинации Альбидум 202* Интенсивная: промежуточное наследование отмечено в таких комбинациях, как Безостая * Альбидум 202., The results of the comparative characteristics of wheat varieties on the basis of productivity and grain quality, as well as the study of quantitative characteristics and plant height are presented. The study and evaluation of quantitative traits of varieties makes it possible to predict the selection efficiency for the most important of them. When medium-sized varieties are crossed, in particular, in the hybrid combination F1 (Standless 1 * Intensive), short stems dominate, and in the hybrid combination F1 (Erythrospermum 80 * Albidum) and F1 (Stayless 1 * Krasnovod. 210), tallness dominates. In F1 hybrids, the average values of the number of grains in the ear of all hybrid combinations exceeded the average between the parents or were at their level, but more often exceeded the best parent. According to the protein content in the grain of wheat varieties and hybrids, incomplete dominance of a lower value of the trait was observed in the hybrid combination Albidum 202* Intensive: intermediate inheritance was noted in such combinations as Bezostaya * Albidum 202., НАУКА, НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИННОВАЦИИ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА, Выпуск 4 2022, Pages 51-54

The article discusses the results of a four-year study (2016-2019) of breeding lines of spring soft wheat of the selection of Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky in the soil and climatic conditions of the central and southern parts of the Volga-Vyatka region. The promising lines C-65, C-103, H-154 were selected as they exceeded the regionalized standard variety Simbirtsit in average yields (3.41...3.56 t/ha; the increase is 0.04...0.19 t/ha), and in terms of potential yield (5.61…6.93 t / ha; the increase is 0.48...1.80 t/ha). According to the long-term average indicators of the crop structure, the selection lines П-57, P-63, С-65 and С-103 were attributed to the sources of valuable properties. Genotypes P-63, H-154 showed higher values and stability of gluten formation in grain relative to the variety Simbirtsit (22.8-24.1%; the increase to the standard is 3.1 - 4.4%). Using the variation coefficient, the degree of variability of economically useful traits (productive bushiness, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, 1000 grain mass, yield, gluten content in grain) was determined in different ecological environments. It has been established that the variability values of individual characteristics of productivity in one variety are not always consistent with each other and have genotypic conditionality. Yield stability can be closely related to the level of variation of individual elements of its structure. Genotypes that were more stable in yield indicated high variability of productive bushiness and low variability of plant height, grain weight per spike, and mass of 1000 grains. It has been shown that from practical point of view the most valuable genotypes were the ones with steadily high values of the spike length and the number of spike grains, as having a high adaptive response to cultivation conditions.Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.

Currently the research aimed to improve nutritional value and quality of rye bakery products to meet customers' needs is of great urgency. The baking traits of rye flour, the structural and mechanical characteristics of the dough (viscous and rheological) depend on the content of non-starch polysaccharides (pentosanes) namely, their water-soluble part. The purpose of our research is to assess correlation between water-soluble pentosanes in winter rye kernels and kernel weight and to establish the effect of this indicator on the baking parameters of rye flour, i. e. viscosity of water-flour suspension and bread yield. The objects of research were winter rye varieties and promising lines. The content of non-starch polysaccharides in winter rye grain throughout the years of research slightly varied depending on the variety and weather conditions. In 2016 and 2017 the winter rye variety “Roksana” and the line “GK-90” formed high rates of 2.74-2.90%, the variety “Prezent” showed a low value of this characteristic. Estimation of the variation coefficients showed that non-starch polysaccharides influence by genotypic and environmental factors are characterized by low variability C Vf = 8.2%. The experiments confirm that when baking rye bread, water-soluble pentosanes perform the following functions: they absorb water, increase the viscosity of the dough, and improve the dimensional stability of bread. There was established a significant correlation between the content of water-soluble pentosanes and grain weight under the conditions of the years 2016 (r = -0.90*) and 2017 (r = -0.88**). It was found that for the years of research, this trait did not correlate with the viscosity of the water-flour suspension, but was significantly associated with bread yield (r = 0.46*). Low enzymatic activity in the studied rye varieties in 2016 and 2017 affected the baking advantages of winter rye. The maximum bread yield was 510-575 cm 3 , the minimum bread yield was 470-485 cm 3 . There was also the greatest number of non-starch polysaccharides in kernels during these years.

В статье представлен материал, раскрывающий неравномерности хлебной массы в валках, в особенности при низкой урожайности зерновых культур. Для обеспечения повышения производительности зерноуборочного комбайна при подборе валков сформированных валковыми жатками, необходимо произвести дополнительную операцию, для объединения трех валков в один мощный перед их подбором и обмолотом посредством специального устройства – валкоукладчика. Принцип его работы – подбор, перемещение и укладка валка хлебной массы на стерню. Раскрывается способ уборки зерновых культур с применением дополнительной операции валкоукладки хлебной массы, а также устройство и особенности конструкции, и принцип работы валкоукладчика. Приведены агротехнические требования, предъявляемые к валкоукладчику., The article presents the material on uneven grain mass in the rolls, in particular, when the yield of grain crops is low. In order to increase the productivity of the combine-harvester when selecting rolls formed by rotary windrower, it is necessary to perform an additional operation to combine three rolls into one powerful unit before the selection and threshing using a special device – swather. The principle of its work is the selection, movement, and laying of the swath of grain mass on the stubble. The method for harvesting grain crops with the use of an additional operation for the laying of the grain mass is described, as well as the device itself, its design features, and the principle of operation of the swather. The agro-technical requirements for the swather are given., №2(80) (2019)

В статье представлена зависимость продуктивности риса от количества метелок на 1 м2 и массы зерна на них под влиянием различных типов отбора из 3-6 генераций гибридов. Изучены семьи из гибридных популяций F3-F6 от скрещивания линий Ил.14 и Ил.28 с высокопродуктивным сортом Кубояр. Метелки отбирали по размеру: самые маленькие, средние и крупные. В результате структурного анализа установлено, что максимальную урожайность показали семьи, исходные предковые растения которых имели наибольшую озернённость метелки., The article shows the dependence of rice yield on the number of panicles per 1 m2 and the mass of grain on them under the influence of different types of selection from 3-6 generations of hybrids. Families from hybrid populations F3-F6 were studied from crossing the lines Il.14 and Il.28 with the highly productive Kuboyar breed. Panicles were selected according to size: the smallest, medium and large. As a result of the structural analysis, it was established that the maximum yields were shown by families the initial ancestral plants of which had the greatest meringue level., №03(69) (2018)