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The principles of rational production and consumption are one of the key themes of “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Today, most countries of the world are implementing various initiatives aimed at creating a closed-cycle economy, at rational use of natural resources, at preservation of the environment and natural biodiversity, at the development of rational ways to produce, sell, and consume food. The amount of food waste has increased significantly and become a global problem amid growing concern about hunger in a number of states. Food-sharing is a solution to the problem, provided that an appropriate structure is developed that will guide its application. The sharing economy was named as a suitable basis. The autonomous non-commercial organisation “Food-sharing” was chosen as an object in this study. The key goal of the study is to optimise the daily work of the volunteer, coordinator and organisation as a whole that deals with this problem. Possible parameters for the analysis: the volume of products received during the period, the sources of products received, the categories to which they belong (fruits, bakery products, meat, etc.), the geography of exports, the number of volunteers involved during the period, the number of final recipients during the period.

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present a proposal for a just culture (JC) assessment tool and the results of its verification. Methods: In the research process the case study method, supported by analysis of the company's documentation, unstructured interview, statistical analysis, and the method of synthesis and logical reasoning were used. Results: It was confirmed that the JC assessment tool used by the studied organization is reliable. The study succeeded in establishing both the overall and partial levels of JC. Although the level of JC can be considered satisfactory, there are important management aspects that need more care than before. Areas for improvement were proposed. Conclusions: Employees' opinions are not statistically different from each other. Employees equally perceive the need for necessary training, safety as a priority at work, the convenience of reporting errors, and the need to respond to problems. Opinions on JC are not dependent on employee work experience.

The purpose of the study is to compare the vocabulary related to traditional nutrition in the Altai and Kyrgyz languages. It is based on linguistic materials collected by the author among residents of the villages of the Altai Republic: Kaspa, Shyrgaity of the Shebalinsk District; Kyrlyk, Mondur-Sokkon, Kan-Oozy of the Ust-Kansk District; Yabogan, Yelo, Kulady, Bichiktu-Boom, and Kӱpchegen of the Onguday District. Their analysis revealed many lexical and semantic similarities in the Altai and Kyrgyz languages. This is especially noticeable in the names of meat dishes. The coincidences are explained by the identical economic and living conditions of the Altaians and Kyrgyz in the past and present. The formation of the vocabulary of the Altai and Kyrgyz languages took place in a distant era, when their speakers lived in the territory of Altai.

Аim: to analyze publications devoted to the study of the role of food in the occurrence of functional dyspepsia (FD), as well as the possibilities of using dietary nutrition in its treatment.Key findings. Many studies have shown that spicy food, food with a high content of saturated fats, coffee, carbonated drinks can lead to symptoms of FD. Intolerance to certain foods (in particular, wheat) may be associated with their ability to act as allergens. A number of studies have noted that elimination diets (a diet with a low content of FODMAP products and a gluten-free diet) reduce the severity of dyspeptic disorders, however, there is no convincing evidence of the effectiveness of these diets.Conclusion. The role of nutrition in the occurrence of FD and the possibility of using various diets in its treatment have not been sufficiently studied and require further research.

Presented In the paper, are the results of a field study of the adaptation of the traditional culture of subsistence of the Ukrainian peasant-migrants of the late 19th century, who lived in Odessa District of Omsk Oblast. It has been established that due to the lack of constructional timber descendants of the migrants continued building adobe houses up until the 1990s. Despite a number of innovations and borrowings, many of the original elements of the traditional dietary culture of the migrants retained. This phenomenon was caused by that, for a long time, personal allotments continued to play an important role in the subsistence of the migrants, as well as by that the food preferences usually constitute one of the sturdiest elements of family traditions. As compared to dwellings and food, clothing turned out to be the least invariant element of the traditional life-sustaining culture of the Ukrainian migrants. This was caused by the difficulty of growing flax and relative availability of purchasable fabrics. It has been concluded that the peculiarities of the local natural resources in most cases turned out to be the determining factor of preservation or transformation of certain elements of the traditional culture of subsistence of the migrants. At the same time, this model carried on until the moment when, alongside these resources for the sustenance of the local community, substitute materials and products, obtained in the result of the industrial production, were becoming available.

The problems of providing collective farm families of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with food and non-food industrial goods in the first post-war five-year period are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the unresolved problem of scientifically based and balanced consumption of these goods by the population to date. The source base for writing the article was the materials of budget surveys of the population, which have a long history in our country. Materials from the funds of two archives, some of which have never been published and have signs of scientific novelty were used. It was alleged that the main foodstuffs in the Bashkir village in the first post-war years were potatoes, milk and bread with some addition of vegetables and meat products. It is stated that most of the money allocated for the purchase of manufactured goods was spent on the purchase of ready-made clothes, shoes, fabrics and piece goods from them, as well as soap and matches. Attention is focused on the fact that the monetary reform of 1947 sharply reduced the income of collective farmers in the Urals. It is proved that in the period under study the level of provision of collective farm families of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with food and nonfood industrial goods was significantly lower than the scientifically based norms for their consumption.

The issues of organizing the life of children in charitable institutions of St. Petersburg in the middle of the 19th — early 20th centuries are considered. The study was carried out on the material of archival documents. Most of the sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The forms and methods of solving the issues of improving the conditions of hygiene, life and nutrition of pupils are revealed. The problem areas in the organization of the activities of institutions are characterized. The debatable issues that arose in the boards of trustees of institutions are listed. It is concluded that in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, the requirements for the activities of charitable institutions increased. In particular, approaches to the provision of medical care have changed: it was envisaged to include doctors in the boards of trustees of shelters who provided assistance to pupils on a gratuitous basis, controlled the quality of food and monitored living conditions. The collegial nature of the activities of the St. Petersburg Council contributed to the success of solving the problems facing orphanages. The Council in its activities took into account the opinion of the public, doctors, teachers on the upbringing and maintenance of pupils. The shelters had different financial opportunities, which depended both on the composition of the Boards of Trustees and on the activity of its members in holding charitable fundraising events. However, during the XIX — early XX centuries, general requirements for the operation of shelters were formed.

The article is the final in a series of studies we conducted in the period from 2018 to 2022, and focuses on the transformation of the image of the Other in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. For this study, we used Internet query statistics, extracting a series of markers, which we divided into three groups: food, clothing(appearance), and sexuality. The data was used to compile a correlation matrix and identify the strongest correlation between the markers. The study showed that the most diverse in the number of different markers is the food aspect. The appearance and sexual aspects are less distinctive during the pandemic but also play an important role in shaping the Other's image. It is also worth mentioning the fact that in the post-Covid time (2022) the difference between various models is blurred and some of them are enlarged by the inclusion of representatives of other ethnic groups. In particular, today we can distinguish several big clusters of the Other’s models holding common structural markers: some models are united according to their “food” aspect (Far Eastern cluster), others according to their appearance and sexual aspects (cluster of the former Soviet Union ethnic groups). However, within these clusters, models also share structural markers, so that they can be combined into subgroups based on one feature or another.

The North African region is a market with a great potential for foreign supplies, the capacity of which makes it possible to increase Russian agricultural exports more than twice. The article analyzes the place of the agricultural sector of the North African countries in the economy of the countries of this region, its foreign trade potential; identifies the most promising areas of Russian trade relations in this area. Promising positions for this direction are cereals, soybean oil and soybeans, sunflower oil, frozen fish, confectionery products. In addition, the taste preferences of residents of African countries allow for the supply of a number of types of meat products, such as dark poultry meat and meat offal, which can become a good alternative for Russian producers to export to Asian countries. The conclusion is made about the profitability and prospects of cooperation in the agro-food sector for Russia with the countries of North Africa.

Despite significant improvements in screening, diagnosis and targeted therapy, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the world. It is becoming increasingly clear that diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development and progression of cancer. Thus, various dietary combinations can be proposed to reduce the risk of cancer and to improve the impact of basic therapy. Nutrition is closely linked to cancer. Food carcinogens, macronutrients, micronutrients such as vitamins A, C and D, dietary fiber, modulation of metabolism by diet, dietary supplements and anticancer agents in food affect the development of cancer. This article discusses research on the relationship between nutrition and cancer, as well as current dietary guidelines for reducing the risk of cancer. The aim of the study is to analyze information from the professional literature on the influence of various nutritional regimes in cancer patients. Conclusions. Proper nutrition can prevent the risk of cancer and improve the impact of treatment on the disease. Ketogenic diet is useful in combination with standard therapy on the basis of its ability to enhance the antitumor effects of classical chemotherapy and radiation therapy, its overall good safety and tolerability, as well as improving the quality of life. Mediterranean diet is a protective factor against cancer, due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the ingredients. Fasting is also a potentially effective strategy for inducing the differential stress resistance of cancer and normal cells as an adjunct to standard treatment. Promising benefits of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of cancer can be achieved through the use of new potent analogues, as well as combinations of vitamins in the early stages of cancer.

Modern ecological problems are considered - pollution of the natural environment with antibiotics and resistance to antimicrobial drugs, when microorganisms mutate and lose susceptibility to antibiotics. The reasons for this dangerous phenomenon are the ever-growing and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary medicine and agriculture. Most antibiotics are not completely metabolized in humans and animals, a significant part of the injected drugs enters the water and soil through urban wastewater, animal manure and sewage sludge transported to agricultural fields as fertilizers and pose environmental risks to human health. Assessment of environmental risks from the accumulation of antibiotics in natural waters and food is extremely important for the Baikal natural territory. This is an area that includes Lake Baikal (a World Heritage site), a water protection zone adjacent to Lake Baikal, its catchment basin on the territory of the Russian Federation, natural zones of primary protection adjacent to Lake Baikal, as well as an area about 200 km wide adjacent to Lake Baikal to the west and northwest of it. It may be at potential risk both for endemic species of Lake Baikal and for the population in case of chronic exposure and accumulation of antibiotics in environmental objects. The purpose of this work was a predictive assessment of the environmental risk to public health with direct oral consumption of water, meat and other products grown in an area contaminated with antibiotics. The initial data were the results of monitoring the quality of food products entering the retail network of the Irkutsk region. It was found that on average, an adult resident of the region receives 0.5718 mg/kg of antibiotics daily with food. A child aged 6 to 12 years receives 1.3803 mg/kg of antibiotic daily with food, and a child aged 2 to 6 years receives 2.6686 mg/kg of the substance. Residents of the Baikal region, adults and children aged 2 to 12 years, have a potential environmental health risk as a result of exposure to antibiotics coming with food on the body an order of magnitude higher than the safe level and it is necessary to take actions aimed at minimizing such risks.

Micro- and nanoemulsions are promising systems for encapsulating micronutrients for food enrichment. For the formation of stable nanoemulsions, it is advisable to use natural emulsifiers – modified lecithins of vegetable oils. The aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of the use of modified lecithins of vegetable oils to create encapsulated forms of micronutrients in the form of nanoemulsions. Emulsions have been obtained using the method of ultrasonic exposure with the use of fat-free vegetable lecithins and their alcohol-soluble fractions as emulsifiers. It has been found that the particle size of emulsions formed by fat-free lecithins is significantly higher compared to the emulsions formed by their alcohol-soluble fractions. It has been revealed that emulsions formed by alcohol-soluble fractions of lecithins are more resistant to delamination. It is shown that alcohol-soluble fractions of vegetable lecithins with a PH content from 75.0 to 76.0% have the highest emulsifying properties, which makes it possible to obtain physically stable nanoemulsions with an average particle size of the dispersed phase less than 100 nm. Thus, modified lecithins of vegetable oils, namely, alcohol-soluble fractions of lecithins are highly effective encapsulating agents for creating encapsulated forms of micronutrients in the form of nanoemulsions.

The problems of eating and drug-addicted behavior of adolescents are one of the most urgent both in Russia and around the world. The purpose of the study: to analyze the behavioral factors of adolescents’ adaptation to the environment, such as smoking, alcohol and drug use, as well as the eating behavior of adolescents, indicating a deviation in healthy eating. Novelty: a comprehensive approach to the social portrait of adolescents was used with an assessment of eating and drug-addicted behavior in the gender aspect in the Orenburg region of the Russian Federation. In the literature known to us, the eating and drug-dependent behavior of adolescents was assessed in isolation. The results obtained from a survey of 200 teenagers studying at a college in the Orenburg region revealed that all teenagers attend Fast-Food and prefer sweet drinks to eating fresh fruits and vegetables. The identified gender differences in eating behavior indicate that boys have breakfast and snacks more often than girls, while girls are more attentive to the principles of healthy eating and more often have theoretical knowledge on this issue. Drug-directed behavior in terms of alcohol consumption was registered in 22% of adolescents, smoking in 19% of adolescents, and the use of narcotic psychoactive substances in 1% of the adolescents surveyed. The status of families with children with early drug-directed behavior was characterized by low social responsibility. Practical significance: the results of the study will be used to determine the main areas of work with adolescents on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, as well as to purposefully prevent early deviations in their eating and addictive behavior

The agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors, as basic and sustainable sectors, are sectors that can provide food continuously and will never run out of time. However, this sector has never been studied quantitatively, whether the sector is a basic and sustainable sector or not. This research was conducted in Sumenep Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The problem in this research is that the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors in Indonesia have experienced damage and land conversion which can cause food security to not be realized. The research objectives are (1) to analyze whether the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors are the basic sectors or not, (2) to analyze whether the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries is a sustainable sector or not; (3) whether the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors are developed and fast-growing sectors; or fast growing sector; or advanced and slow growing sectors; or relatively lagging sectors. The analytical method used for the first purpose is Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, for the second purpose, a comparison analysis of the results of LQ and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) analysis is used and the third research objective is Klassen Typology analysis. The results showed that the value of LQ = 1.16 which means that the agricultural, forestry and fisheries sectors are the basic sectors. DLQ value = 1.90. The comparison of the LQ and DLQ values shows that the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors are the leading or sustainable sectors. By using the Klassen typology analysis, it shows that the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors are developed sectors but their growth is slow. From all the analyses used, it can be concluded that the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors can achieve food security.

Value chains are conduits that play an important role in global food security. The purpose of the study was to analyze the increasing impact of global value chains on national food security and develop proposals for improving the level of food security in Russia. The research featured the impact of value chains on food security. The study was based on a systematic analysis of data obtained from national statistical services, information and rating agencies, international organizations, etc. The impact of value chains on food security proved to be complex. On the one hand, they combine disparate links into a single system and allow for the rapid delivery of food to the end consumer. On the other hand, they increase the monopolization of the control links. The article introduces key features of the transformation of food value chains in recent decades. First, the list of participants often changes due to the growing contradictions between different countries and unpredictable foreign policy. Second, processing, logistics, and trade chains often get monopolized. Third, companies from other industries enter value chains from outside. Fourth, the distribution of income among chain participants becomes more uneven. Fifth, the influence methods of control links get more elaborate, etc. In general, companies tend to globalize their value chains while national governments strive to keep the chains within the country. The results of the study can improve value chains and food security in the country, while taking into account the interests of both chain participants and society, as well as the principles of sustainable development.

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This article reviews the important of biodiversity in Nigeria; Nigeria is enriched with large natural resources which include non-agricultural and agricultural resources. Each resource has its own peculiarities. In agricultural resource, its role on economic growth and nation development cannot be over-emphasized. Apart from production of food crop, wildlife also plays some important roles in any nation’s growth. Man has been known to be depended on plants and animals for food. A good inter-bio-relationship between animals and plants in the same ecosystem yields robust and better diversity. Nigeria has being place of high importance on biodiversity in a variety of ways. Food, raw materials, a wide range of goods and services, genetic information for agroforestry, medicines and health-care assistance, household and commercial items, aesthetics and cultural values all come from the country's biodiversity. It also delivers green ecosystem services that help to improve the environment and educate people about the natural world. Biodiversity values within Nigeria were directly tied to a diverse range of ecosystems which exist in multiple ecological zones. The use of biodiversity and the amount of protection are both influenced by different cultural varieties.

While the conditions of the world markets functioning factors change, it is required the development of a new effective strategy for food security in the Russian Federation. The global economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the structure and volume of world trade, and political crises in a number of EAEU member states also force us to pay special attention to food security. The relevance of this research is due to: 1) the processes of globalisation and integration of national markets, which is why new foreign economic and foreign trade relations are increasingly being formed; 2) the crisis of the coronavirus pandemic, which is why many foreign trade processes in Russia and a number of other countries are disrupted; 3) the commodity groups under consideration, the uncontrolled volume of exports of which can cause a food threat to the country. The purpose of the study is to analyse the problems of assessing food security within the country in the implementation of foreign economic activity and the supply of agro-industrial complex goods to foreign markets. The objectives of the study are to identify ways to assess food security. Measurement tools are proposed that help to assess food security at the national level, assess household access to food and its purchase, and also allow measuring food consumption and use. To date, the solution of this problem is one of the main tasks, both within individual regions and the country as a whole.

The inability to reproduce certain digestive processes in vivo, high research costs and ethical aspects have led to the development of a large number of in vitro digestion models. These models allow us to take into account various factors of modeling complex multistage physiological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, which makes them promising and widely used. A significant part of in vitro methods includes assessment by enzymatic digestion and are based on the calculation of nitrogen remaining after digestion in relation to the initial total nitrogen (according to the Dumas, Kjeldahl method, spectrophotometric or chromatographic method). There are also a number of titrometric methods (pH‑stat), which are mainly used to assess the digestibility of feed, most successfully for aquatic animals due to the simplicity of their digestive tract. Methods for assessing the digestibility of food products by enzymatic digestion have undergone various stages of evolution (since 1947) and have been widely modified by including various enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin, erepsin, etc.) in model systems, indices for various products have been determined on their basis (pepsin-digest-residue (PDR) index, 1956; pepsin pancreatin digest (PPD) index, 1964; pepsin digest dialysate (PDD), 1989). As a result, a single protocol was formed to study the digestibility of food — INFOGEST (2014–2019), which includes three stages of digestion (oral, gastric and intestinal). It allows researchers to accurately reproduce the conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract and is widely used by scientists around the world.

The provisions of the halal standards in force in the Republic of Turkey and the United Arab Emirates are examined. The differences in the requirements for halal products established in the indicated countries are analyzed. Halal products are gaining popularity in the consumer market. According to the results of the report on the Islamic economy, the growth in popularity by 2020 will be 6.5%. At the same time, there is a constant trend o f growth in market volumes. There is a report from the Center for Development of Islamic Economy in Dubai that Muslims spent $ 2.2 trillion in 2018, while by 2020 this amount was $ 2.4 trillion. The global development of the halal food market and its frequent discrepancies in the concept, the lack of uniform rules for handling products leads to disunity of the rules for handling products. It should be remembered that the Republic of Turkey and the United Arab Emirates, being members of the Islamic Cooperation, are also the main suppliers of halal goods. Moreover, both states should have the same requirements for halal, which nevertheless differ. In the Republic of Turkey, halal food requirements and slaughter rules are set out in one standard TS OIC/SMIIC 1 General Guidelines for Halal Foods. In the UAE, the same requirements are set out in two standards: UAE.S GSO 993 Requirements for slaughtering animals in accordance with Islamic rules and UAE.S GSO 2055-1 Halal Food. Part 1. General Requirements. A study of the requirements for halal products and processes, set out in the standards of the two countries, showed that on fundamental issues they coincide. But there are also certain differences in the requirements that can become a problem when supplying the same products to Turkey and the UAE.

The digital age has greatly changed the way information is stored and accessed. The Internet allows us to retrieve an unlimited amount of data from anywhere, at any time of the day or night. The search for new information consistently takes place via search engines, which process and store user query statistics. The analysis of these queries allows us to trace various social trends. At the same time, the personality of the researcher does not affect the "query" of the user, who is fully "sincere and independent" in finding the information he or she needs. Our hypothesis for this study is that by analysing the queries of Internet users we can identify the attitude of the contemporary Russian society to the Other and determine the criteria by which the image of the Other is formed. Considering the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the researchers assumed that periods of lockdown may have had a particular effect, increasing interest in certain markers of otherness and decreasing interest in other markers. As a result, we identified 10 models of otherness during the (post)lockdown period, in which food and sexual marker groups are the dominant ones. In particular, the Other-Chinese model, as in previous years, remains worrying. The focus has shifted from the appearance to the sexual and food aspects. The COVID-19 pandemic has played a part in this. The Other-Japanese/Korean model also remains ambiguous, but there is a downward trend in alertness. As for the other models, for the most part they are allert-neutral.

The destabilization of the world food market, as well as the frequent interruptions in the supply of agricultural raw materials and food products due to the global coronavirus pandemic, have catalyzed the growing interest of the overwhelming majority of countries in the world to ensure the highest possible level of national food security. The research is devoted to the study of the agri-food systems of Saudi Arabia, Japan and Singapore, as countries with the most progressive experience in the field of agricultural production. The author identified the production of crop products through hydroponics, meat substitutes based on vegetable proteins, laboratory-grown cultured meat, as well as alternative proteins for the fodder base of animal husbandry, poultry farming and aquaculture as the most promising scientific and technical innovations in the field of agro-industrial complex. The results of the study showed the need to adapt advanced food production technologies to the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the names of food and drink in the Ladder of John Climacus. The material for analysis is the published text of the work (Patrologia Graeca, vol. LXXXVIII) and three unpublished ancient Greek manuscripts of the Ladder. In total, 21 words were found in the work, included in the lexical-semantic group “Food”, and 6 words included in the lexical-semantic group “Drink”. In many cases, lexemes are used in pairs (salt and oil, milk and honey, bread and water, bread and mustard). This use is obviously due to the biblical tradition, on the basis of which the author of the Ladder built his book. For the general designation of food, nouns such as βρῶμα, τροφή, τρυφή, βρῶσις, ἔδεσμα, ἑστίασις, ὄψον, τράπεζα, ἐδώδιμον are used. In a collective sense, the lexemes καρπός and ὀπώρα are used to designate fruits. For the names of vegetables (herbs) in the Ladder, lexemes such as πικρίς and λάχανον are used. Of the specific types of food in the Ladder, there are names of baked goods (ἄρτος ‘bread’ and ἄζυμον ‘unleavened bread’), grapes (βότρυς and ῥάγας), spices (ἔλαιον ‘olive oil’ and ἅλας ‘salt’), honey (μέλι) and cheese (τυρός). To designate drink, in general, in the Ladder there are the lexemes πόμα, νάμα and ποτόν. Specific drinks are called ὕδωρ ‘water’, οἶνος ‘wine’ and γάλα ‘milk’. In the lexical-semantic groups “Food” and “Drink” hyperonyms clearly prevail over hyponyms. The small amount of specific vocabulary is explained by the fact that for a monk, as he moves up the ladder of virtues, it is less and less important what food he consumes. Monks who have reached the highest degrees of spiritual life (ἰσάγγελοι, equal to the angels) no longer feel the taste of food and forget to take it; for them the most important thing is spiritual food. In the lexico-semantic groups “Food” and “Drink” in the Ladder, as in the texts of the Holy Scriptures, direct (physical) and figurative (spiritual) meanings are masterfully connected. Almost all examples of the use of these words can be viewed both in the direct and in the symbolic sense. In the highest metaphorical meaning, all lexemes included in the thematic field “Nutrition” represent a symbol of participation in God’s salvation in Christ.

Introduction: Food hypersensitivity is a pathological, increased and inadequate reaction of the body to a particular substance, the consumption of which can cause various types of body symptoms. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to distinguish different types of hypersensitivity mechanisms, resulting in the introduction of appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Results and conclusions: Food hypersensitivity is becoming an epidemic of the 21st century. This is due to many individual factors as well as environmental pollution. It is important to identify the type of mechanism involved in a given food hypersensitivity and to eliminate the causative factors, or incorporate appropriate treatment. Understanding this forms the basis of therapy. Methods: Data for the article were retrieved using PubMed setting the time descriptors to 2014-2020.

Food is a basic human need. The 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia stipulated that the state guarantees the right to food. This research aims to inform the guidance and food needs of Kutai Kertanegara Regency to welcome the New National Capital of Indonesia in East Kalimantan. A method used in this research was descriptive analysis. The data on the Guidance of food supply was presented in the form of tables, pictures, and graphs. Food needs used projections based on the number of population and food needs per commodity per capita per year. The results showed that the potential for the Guidance of food supply in Kutai Kartanegara Regency varied, originating from rice (lowland rice and hill rice), secondary crops, horticulture, animal husbandries such as ruminants and poultry, and capture fisheries and aquaculture. The average growth of the Kutai Kertanegara population was 2, 18 percent per year. Food needs will continue to increase along with population growth. Kutai Kertanegara's population in 2021 was approximately 820.722 people. The population mobilization plan after the National Capital (NC) estimated that the Kutai Kertanegara population in 2024 will reach 5,676,392 people, and if 25% live in Kutai Kartanegara, it will be 1,419,098 people. Based on the analysis results of rice needs projection in 2024, before the NC, it is approximately 77.931 tons, and after NC, it attains 505.199 tons. In addition, the need for beef before NC is 2.329 tons, and after NC, it will be 15.099 tons. The need for poultry meat before NC is approximately 6,690 tons, and after NC, it reaches 43,368 tons, the need for eggs before NC is estimated at 6,042 tons and after NC, it attains 39,110 tons. The need for fish before NC is approximately 63,045 tons, and after NC, it attains 408,700 tons.

Issues related to the level of consumption by the population of the USSR in the “perestroika” period of its history are considered. In order to conduct an objective historical analysis of the problem, the authors used materials from the funds of three archives, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It is emphasized that the second half of the 1980s was crucial for the Soviet Union, becoming the last five years in its difficult history. The results of a comparative analysis of food consumption by the population of the Sverdlovsk region in the study period are presented. A clear discrepancy between the level of consumption of a number of food products by the population of the Middle Urals and the norms of their scientifically grounded rational consumption is determined. The emphasis is made on the fact that in the diet of Soviet citizens there was always a very shortage of vegetables, melons, fruits and, to some extent, fish products. It is proved that the chronic underconsumption of these products was to a certain extent “compensated” by the increased consumption of sugar, confectionery and dairy products, and in the difficult 1940s–1950s — bakery products and potatoes. It is concluded that it is not necessary to overly dramatize the “material” factor in the development of disintegration processes that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The aim of the research is to investigate the evolution of eating practices in the 1920s-1930s and to analyze the role of the Book of Tasty and Healthy Food, which was published in 1939, in the process. The author underlines that in a totalitarian state, even such routine practices as dietary habits fell under the scrutiny of the state. The methodological basis of the research is universal principles of historical reliability, objectivity, investigation, unprejudiced assessment, and comparative historical analysis. The research shows that in the 1920s, the major goal, which consisted in creating a public catering system aimed at relieving women’s domestic drudgery, was not fulfilled. House-communes and communal kitchens proved to be ineffective for the development of the Soviet economic system. The analysis shows that the publication of the Book of Tasty and Healthy Food in 1939 was aimed at promoting food products produced by the Soviet food industry, at encouraging people to cook food at home, and at urging people to work harder and to earn more. The analysis of personal archive materials of A. I. Mikoyan shows that the Book was designed to promote new food products which were available in the 1930s and were created with the use of American principles of food technology. The analysis of cooking recipes shows that the book embraced the idea of social stratification, for it contained simple and cheap recipes as well as complicated and intricate recipes available only to the Soviet elite.

The aim of this paper is to present a part of an ongoing research into the roles food plays in the present-day communication. It provides an interdisciplinary insight into those aspects of intercultural communication that occupy significant role in the changing relationship between public and private spheres. These spheres represent spaces where the aspects of gender become more visible if combined with the elements of food. The author tries to argue that women and food act as ones of the most intriguing features in the ‘Circuit of Culture’ and their participation in intercultural communication is very complex and worth more detailed investigation. The concept of code-switching is often viewed as the one applied in the situations where multilingual communication takes place. The discussion in this paper focuses on those cultural communication contexts in which the cultural code-switching is used as a response to various gender facets in both public and private spheres. Food, that has become one of the most visible parts of both public and private domains of the human existence in the 21st century enters all aspects of the intercultural communication that is performed in smaller and larger social groups and its existence, production, distribution, consumption and representation are directly linked with gender perspectives.

The role of European documents in the development of learning outcomes is described in the paper. In addition to the main European documents describing the qualification level of graduates, the sectoral frameworks provide a benchmark for learning outcomes in the profile of the program. Compliance with the framework standard is the foundation for a study program to receive a quality label. As an example, the EQAS-Food and EUR-ACE® standards for study programs in the field of food science and engineering are considered. The focus on the framework standards ensure transparency and harmonization of study programs with European best practice.

The Great War, or World War I, had a major effect on the food situation in Russia and other countries. This aspect still remains largely understudied. The article describes the scale of food supply crisis in Western Europe and Russia, as well as solutions and potential options. It focuses on the antifamine measures taken by the Government of Nicholas II, which were ineffective and slow. As a result, the food crisis escalated and the food supply situation eventually got out of control. The Provisional Government also failed to solve the food supply problem, which passed on to the Soviet government.

A significant layer in the culture of an ethnic group is folklore, which includes a variety of folk art. It expresses the knowledge and experience of the people. Proverbs and sayings, where the centuries-old wisdom of the ethnic group is conveyed in a concise form, concerning different spheres of life, are of interest for learning. Thanks to proverbs and sayings, it is possible to reconstruct the national picture of the world and its components, but often this aspect remains out of the field of attention of scientists. In this regard, the aim of the study was the proverbs and sayings of the Tatar people concerning food. The hypothesis is put forward that the proverbs and sayings of the Tatar people are able to identify the characteristic features of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars, which includes culinary culture, the culture of eating and gastronomic reflection. The key research methods are analytical and hermeneutical. On their basis, the Tatar proverbs and sayings collected in the 6th volume of the publication «Tatar Folk Art» of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan edited by H.Sh. Makhmutov are studied. As a result of the analysis, the respectful attitude of the ethnic group to food, the production and preparation of which is associated with hard work, was highlighted. The Tatars reflected their love for certain products and dishes, formulated tips for housewives on farming, paid attention to moderation in food and etiquette in proverbs and sayings. The study confirmed the hypothesis. It is concluded that the acquired knowledge allows us to reconstruct the national picture of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region and the Urals from a new perspective through the prism of proverbs and sayings, to interpret their national culture and many of its components, including everyday life and everyday life.

The article inserts sequences referring to the nutrition of the Stalinist regime victims, subjects to deportation Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, in the second wave (1949), in special regulatory localities distributed in the special areas of the Soviet Union. Testimonies of people considered by the Stalinist regime to be “enemies of the people”, reflects the nutrition shortage not only in the journey from “home” to “destination”, but also in the process of adapting to the intruder environment, food security being precarious in both cases. In many ways, a large part of the memories of deported persons show similarities to the famine suffered by the population of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1946. In the destination localities, the nutrition of the deportees depended on many factors: climatic (winter temperature reaching -40° C) and living conditions, workplace, health, the presence of the head of the family and members able to work, etc. Families deported with small children, in the absence of the father (the basic maintainer) and only with the presence of the mother, were the most difficult.

Due to the growing interest of consumers in the consumption of fresh products with increased shelf life, producers must provide modern and safe packaging. This is a challenge for food packaging and acts as a driving force in the development of new and improved concepts of packaging technology. The article presents the essence, types and classification of packaging as a factor influencing the choice made by the consumer. In addition, the main attention was paid to the definition of knowledge and attitudes of consumers to this type of packaging used in the food market in the food industry. From the point of view of food consumers, the most important role of packaging is to ensure food safety throughout the logistics chain, from producer to consumer. Smart packaging is packaging that is equipped with features that allow it to track the goods through the logistics chain or control the internal and external environment of the packaging, as well as communicate with the consumer. Such packaging can not only control the quality and safety of the product, but also report its condition to a potential consumer or manufacturer. The advent of intelligent packaging systems has contributed to another important change in the existing perception of packaging, as it transforms the traditional communication function of packaging into an intelligent communication function. Another solution for innovative food packaging is active packaging. Active packaging is a system that, due to chemical, physical and biological actions, actively changes the conditions inside the packaging in order to extend the shelf life and preserve the original quality and sensory properties of food. In active packaging, the product, the environment and the packaging interact, thereby increasing product quality, shelf life and durability. Reasonable and active packaging, in addition to the function of protecting the product from the reaction of external factors and attracting the attention of the customer, is aimed at informing potential buyers about the condition and quality of goods and interaction with packaged foods

This study used multinomial logit regression to determine the factors that drive the choice of major adaptation measures by famers in Birnin-Kudu, Jigawa State. The study used multistage sampling procedure to select 120 food crop famers in the area. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, likert scale and Multinomial logit regression model. From the results, the level of awareness of climate smart agriculture was high and several adaptation strategies were consciously or unconsciously adopted and practiced by the famers. The CSA identified were early planting, mixed cropping, cover cropping, multiple planting dates, dry season farming, planting improved variety and late planting. Farmers confirmed that based on observation, climate change has led to a reduction in crop yields over the years. The multinomial logit result indicated that factors that influence the adoption of the CSA practices are age, headship of households, education, farm size, experience in farming, household size, and income from farming. Finally, the study established that there is high level of awareness of the debilitating effects of climate change among the farmers. To encourage the famers to adopt CSA, the calls for education of farmers on climate change and variability cannot be overemphasized.

The factors of international trade related to food security of the EAEU member countries, the growth of agricultural and food products turnover have been considered, in view of the existing and required AIC production volumes aimed to provide the population with food products in the amount of rational norms, as well as the scale of food products mutual trade. The need to focus on food self-sufficiency (indicators of physical and economic accessibility, food level and quality) as the main target of national concepts has been noted. The barriers that prevent the formation of a common agricultural market in the EAEU partner States have been reflected.

The review presents the results of studies by many authors on the existing problems associated with the intake of fluorides into the human body. This is due to their natural air content, the soil, water and food, as well as, technogenic pollution, which has significant variability, concerning the significant fluctuations in the fluorides concentration. A successful solution to the fluoride deficiency conditions is the implementation of preventive measures, which include fluorination of drinking water and food. To solve this problem, it is important to control the amount of fluoride entering the human body, determine its safe content in specialized food products and the frequency of their use.

The increasing politicization of international food trade, as well as the stagnation of the world economy due to the coronavirus epidemic, once again confirmed the relevance of Russia's self-sufficiency in food. The implementation of the Food Security Doctrine has made it possible to overcome the systemic problems of domestic agriculture and increase the sustainable production of basic crop products and aquatic biological resources. However, the situation in livestock farming is not so optimistic: stagnation in resource-intensive cattle production and dairy farming is accompanied by success in import substitution of poultry and pork meat. The revision of the doctrine in January 2020 shifted the focus from self-reliance on agricultural commodities to the production of a wide range of competitive high value-added foods. The article analyzes the dynamics of self-sufficiency in food in Russia, examines the current state of affairs in the main sectors of domestic agricultural production and the fishery complex, and offers promising areas of development.

The article explores the experience of a number of EU countries. It is revealed that in the EU countries there is growing interest in using public procurement policies for food security by promoting the development of farms, small farmers entering the national market, increasing their incomes, developing rural areas, improving quality nutrition. The main directions of transformation of public procurement policies in the agri-food sector are green public procurements (GPP), aimed at solving environmental problems, and sustainable public procurements (SPP). At the same time, inclusion of quality criteria in the public procurement system and access to the market public procurement of small agricultural producers requires solving a number of problems, including increasing the professionalism of state buyers, introducing innovative methods in boards using modern technology. In addition, the multisectoral nature of these initiatives requires coordinated action between different sectors of the economy at all levels. The conclusion is drawn on the need to transform the Russian government procurement policy in accordance with the target guidelines of economic policy in modern conditions.

The focus of this paper is on the Korean aesthetic model of taste. In order to investigate the origins of aesthetics in Korea and its current place in Koreans’ lives, it analyzes the key concepts of the Korean aesthetics and spiritual aspects of life for Koreans. In a way to exemplify this cultural system, traditional Korean food is presented as a conceptual representation of the aesthetic experience. Its role in integrating different aspects of meanings and values in everyday lives of Koreans is also discussed. The research subject is studied through the complex lenses: its association with both the gastronomic taste, which comprises organoleptic perception and aesthetic judgements, and the semiotic aspect of culture, represented by basic units thereof – words. The optics of the interdisciplinary outlook of this method suggests a new approach to viewing Korean aesthetic of taste. The research shows that scientific approach to aesthetics was first adopted in Korea in the 1930s under the cospicuous cultural influence of the Japanese colonial rule; the ideas formed at that time still remain important aesthetic concepts. The study proposes that meot should be viewed as the most important and representative concept in Koreans’ everyday aesthetic experience. The cultural and historical analysis of Korean gastronomic culture suggests there is a number of specific cultural and cosmogonic meanings that were typical of the royal cuisine during the Joseon era and demonstrates how certain Korean dishes are endowed with aesthetic and existential values today.

“AT THE TABLE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY”: FOOD SUPPLY FOR THE NEW LVIV ELITE IN 1944-1947 The article covers the change of the Lviv food paradigm after the arrival of Soviets. On the basis of archival materials and specialised literature, the city’s limited system of product distribution was analysed. Furthermore, the role of the Soviet elite in this system and in providing Lviv with food was studied in this work. Taking advantage of their official position, the Bolshevik leaders received food from their subordinates, used the food services of the Executive Committee, had their own departmental food establishments, and, finally, thanks to better salaries, could have better food from commercial establishments. The basis of the food of the Lviv communist party elite was the food of letter types “A” and “B”, which in terms of calories and set of products significantly exceeded the usual card system. The diet of the Soviet authorities was supplemented by various order tables, where they periodically received improved sets of products according to particular lists and previously declared needs. During the transition period that started after the abolition of the limited product distribution system, which was extended for a selected number of city officials, they were using special coupons for identification of the “right people”. Despite the theoretical defense of the classlessness of Soviet society, the new authorities of Lviv widely used their dominant position and tolerated a pronounced stratification and deep caste system while providing Lviv with food in the first postwar years. In the end, this approach led to the blurring of the original face of Lviv and, to some extent, deprived the city of the colours formed by many generations of Lviv residents.

Introduction. Shock freezing is widely used in food industry. However, it is not popular with public catering enterprises that produce their own bread and bakery products. Many businesses prefer to use ready-made frozen semi-finished products, rather than to bake them on their own. However, the range of such semi-finished products is not sufficiently diverse: as a rule, it includes «basic» popular products. The authors believe that bread can be an advantageous image product for any public catering company. Fresh bread makes the company more competitive. Shock freezing technology can help public catering enterprises to expand their range of bakery products, diversify the bread menu, and increase profitability. The research objective was to establish shock-freezing modes for bakery products produced in the conditions of a public catering enterprise, including using non-traditional raw materials, e.g. cranberry and beet puree. Study objects and methods. The research featured samples of baked products from yeast dough prepared in various ways, including shock-freezing technology. The quality of the raw materials and finished products was assessed by a combination of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators using standard methods. Results and discussion. The article introduces new scientific-based formulations of yeast dough products with beetroot and cranberry puree, modes and parameters of shock freezing and baking of bakery products in the conditions of a public catering enterprise. The doses of beet and cranberry puree that provide the best quality indicators of finished products were 10% of beet and 5% of cranberry puree per unit of flour. The authors studied the effect of baking time on the quality of frozen bakery products, as well as the freezing time and the cooking time after refreezing. Conclusion. The research established the quality indicators, modes, and parameters of shock freezing of bakery products at chain catering enterprises. The optimal freezing time for 50 g products after 10 min of baking in a convection oven at 180°C proved 50 ± 2 min at –40°C; the baking time after refreezing was 10 min at 180°C.

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement, in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass. The first varieties of scientific breeding were created only in the 1930s after the appearance of low-alkaloid mutants. Despite wide prospects for use in various areas of the national economy, unstable productivity and susceptibility to diseases hinder the production of this crop. Obviously, breeders deal only with a small part of the gene pool of the species and limited genetic resources, using mainly low-alkaloid (sweet) genotypes to create new varieties. The genetic potential of the species can be used more efficiently. At the same time, it is rational to create highly alkaloid (bitter) varieties for green manure, while food and feed varieties should not lose their adaptive potential, in particular, resistance to pathogens, due to the elimination of alkaloids. In this regard, it seems to be a productive idea to create ‘bitter/sweet’ varieties combining a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative organs and low in seeds, which can be achieved by regulating the synthesis/transport of alkaloids in the plant. The paper discusses the current state of use of the species as a green manure, fodder, food plant. Information is given on the quantity and qualitative composition of narrow-leaved lupine alkaloids, their applied value, in particular, fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, the use of lupine alkaloids as active principles of drugs. Along with promising breeding considerations, the possibility of using technologies for processing raw high-alkaloid materials with the accompanying extraction of valuable ingredients for pharmaceuticals is discussed. Information is briefly presented about the genomic resources of the species and the prospects for their use in marker-assistant selection and genome editing.

Introduction. Diet therapy is one of the main approaches to the treatment of various diseases of the digestive system. A strict lifetime diet is the main method of treatment for gluten intolerance. However, young patients, who are particularly sensitive to dietary restrictions, often fail to follow the diet due to the limited menu of recommended foods and dishes. The diet for children with gluten intolerance should include a sufficient amount of gluten-free grain-based products. They provide children with carbohydrates, dietary fibers, vegetable proteins, fats, B vitamins, and minerals, e.g. potassium, magnesium, selenium, etc. In this regard, it is urgent to develop new types of specialized gluten-free products to expand the diet both in terms of nutritional value and taste diversity. Study objects and methods. The research is part of a project on the development of dry gluten-free mixes based on buckwheat and amaranth with fruit, vegetable, and berry raw materials. The new formulations are intended for children older than three years of age with gluten intolerance. The research objective was to study the main nutrients in amaranth and buckwheat flours. The study involved the method of infrared spectroscopy using a SpectraStar 2500 analyzer. The data obtained made it possible to calculate the nutritional and energy value of products based on amaranth and buckwheat flours, as well as fruit, vegetable, and berry powders intended for children older than three years of age with gluten intolerance. Results and discussion. Amaranth flour proved to be rich in protein (13.4%), lipids (5.1%), and ash (2.8%). Native buckwheat flour contained 7.5% of protein, 3.6% of lipids, and 1.4% of ash. The carbohydrate content appeared approximately the same in both samples (56–58%). The dry gluten-free mixes can serve as an important source of vegetable protein (up to 9.44 g per 100 g of the finished product), carbohydrates (up to 40.08 g per 100 g of the finished product, and energy (from 158.12 to 221.85 kcal per 100 g of the finished product). Conclusion. The high nutritional and biological value of amaranth and buckwheat flours, as well as fruit, vegetable, and berry powders, confirmed the prospect of using them as the main components for functional foods. Amaranth and buckwheat contain no gluten but are rich in protein, amino acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and biologically active elements, which makes them an important source of nutrition for children with gluten intolerance.

The present paper is devoted to analysis of cognitive and pragmatic aspects of food representation in the media discourse as well as peculiarities of language means of such representation. The paper investigates the language means used for realization of the “Food as a Source of danger” cognitive model in the Russian media discourse. The paper also studies connection between cognitive models’ realization and the journalists’ pragmatic goals aimed at negative representation of food in the media discourse. The study also analyzed the cognitive models’ dominant components. The authors come to a conclusion that foregrounding such components as participants, food and drink, characteristics of the object (food), action, consequences and others is determined by journalists’ pragmatic goals aimed at drawing attention to particular dishes or preventing the negative consequences of eating. Filling the components of the cognitive model with particular contents by means of the language units results in fulfilling the journalist’s pragmatic goal. The paper makes a contribution into such branches of linguistics as cognitive semantics, pragmatics, media-linguistics, theory of text and discourse. The results of the undertaken research can be used for analyzing realization of cognitive models in other types of discourse as well as in theoretical courses on text linguistics, discourse analysis, media-linguistics.

Developments in rural areas since they have received funding for development tend to change household consumption patterns; therefore the attention to rural consumption patterns is a good topic for scientific research. This research aims to recognize the consumption patterns of five dominant food commodities by using a descriptive analysis of 6.178 households obtained through the national secondary data of the 2017 National Social and Economic Survey. Identified: (1) rice; (2) cigarettes; (3) mixed rice; (4) fish; and (5) sugar, which is the five biggest consumption commodities in rural households and it is found that consumption tended to increase along with increased income.

The social and climatic factors that affect the global and regional food systems of states and regions have been highlighted in the article. The importance of ensuring food security and balanced nutrition of the population at a time of economic hardship to reduce the vulnerability of the economy and strengthen the political stability of the Russian Federation, to build capacity to withstand the crisis and rapid recovery from it has been noted. The problems of food security and tasks aimed at preventing internal and external threats, sustainable development of domestic production sufficient to ensure food independence and state sovereignty have been considered.

Contamination of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens in raw food is becoming an increased health risk in numerous countries, including Vietnam where raw herbs and vegetables are used daily in many dishes as a flavor enhancer and a source of vitamin and nutrients. However, raw vegetables can also be a reservoir of various foodborne pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, we evaluated the extent of Pseudomonas spp. contamination in 180 ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables samples from restaurants in Hanoi, examined their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and determined the ability to produce β-lactamase enzymes of Pseudomonas spp. strains. Our results showed that 21.67 % (n = 39) of ready-to-eat vegetables samples in Hanoi were contaminated with Pseudomonas spp.. Of those, sixteen samples were determined to be β-lactamase producing strains including Pseudomonas putida, P. mendocina and P. aeruginosa. Further analysis revealed six strains (37.50 %) producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme, five strains (31.25 %) producing ampC β-lactamase enzyme and five strain (31.25 %) producing both ESBL and ampC β-lactamases. It can be concluded that ready-to-eat vegetables in Hanoi would be a source of contamination of β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas spp. that could pose a threat to public health in the community.