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Introduction. The active development of construction technologies entails the need to improve the properties of traditional materials, including giving them specific functional characteristics such as photocatalytic activity. One of the promising methods for solving this problem is the introduction of specialized additives into standard building mixes, which include photocatalytic composite materials. Within the framework of this article, the influence of various methods of fiber activation on the surface properties of a photocatalytic composite material created on its basis is considered. Materials and research methods. The effect of pre-activation of basalt (BF), glass (GF) and glass alkali-resistant (GAF) fibers on the surface properties of photocatalytic composite materials (PCM) based on them has been studied. The activation of the fiber surface consisted in thermal (T) and chemical (AA) treatment. The research methodology included: analysis of changes in the concentration of active centers of Brensted acids on the fiber surface before and after activation of their surface, after direct deposition of titanium dioxide on the obtained samples of various types of fibers, followed by an assessment of morphological changes. Results and discussions. The following growth trend has been established for the total number of active centers for PCM: PCM(BF+Т) → PCM(GF+AA) → PCM(BF+AA) → PCM(GAF+AA) →PCM(GF) → PCM(GAF+Т) → PCM(GAF) → PCM(GF+Т) → PCM(BF). According to the results of scanning electron microscopy, it was found that PCM(GF) and PCM(GAF+T) are characterized by a more uniform distribution of titanium dioxide particles over the entire surface of the fiber, creating a film-like appearance, unlike samples of PCM(BF) and PCM(GF), as well as PCM(GAF+AA), on which titanium dioxide particles are unevenly distributed, forming growths or aggregates. The analysis showed that sol-gel deposition of titanium dioxide has a significant effect on the properties of the fiber surface, which may affect the physical and mechanical characteristics of composites and their ability to self-clean, and should be taken into account when developing new functional materials with photocatalytic properties. Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of activation of the fiber surface for subsequent use as a substrate in the composition of photocatalytic composite materials

Background. Spring oats play an essential role in the search for a comprehensive solution of urgent problems associated with the development of a solid fodder resource base that could meet the need of animal husbandry for high-quality feeds. Adequate animal feeding is possible when high-quality fodders are available and the rations are well balanced in basic nutrients. Materials and methods. Field studies were conducted in Tyumen Province on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2016–2023. The tested materials included spring oat cultivars and breeding lines, with cv. ʻTalismanʼ serving as the reference. Productivity was assessed according to the harvested dry matter, crude and digestible protein, crude and digestible fat, crude and digestible fiber, and crude and digestible nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). To do this, the yield of green biomass in the phase of milky ripeness was taken into account, and the contents of dry matter and nutrients in it were measured. Results. Promising breeding lines were evaluated for their fodder productivity (green biomass yield and the collected dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, and NFE). Digestible energy value of the tested oats was calculated in feed units (FU) and in joules of metabolizable energy (ME) and gross energy (GE). Energy digestibility (ED) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) andmetabolizable energy (ME) were measured. Conclusion. Cvs. ʻTobolyakʼ, ʻRaduzhnyʼ and ʻSiriusʼ were the best in fodder productivity. Cvs. ʻMegionʼ, ʻOtradaʼ, ʻFomaʼ, ʻTobolyakʼ, and line TM 07-95-16 were identified for the highest digestible energy value. They provided 0.85–0.86 FU per 1 kg of dry matter and formed 835.5–842.5 kJ of ME and 1708.1–1734.6 kJ of GE per 100 kg of dry matter. Their ED was 63.5–65.8 %, with 1092.87–1141.36 kJ/kg of DE and 896.15–935.91 kJ/kg of ME.

In 2023, the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation included and approved for use in the Middle Volga region a variety of monoecious drug-free cannabis sativa ʻLyudmilaʼ. In connection with the introduction into production and for the purpose of propagating seeds of a new variety in the Penza region in 2021–2023, wide-row (with row spacing of 45 and 70 cm) and ordinary (15 cm) sowing methods and seed sowing rates were studied, taking into account the main directions of crop use. With the studied methods of sowing and seeding rates, the yield of stems on average over the years of research reached 11.3–14.4 t/ha and was maximum with ordinary sowing with a seeding rate of 3.0 million pcs/ha. On the contrary, higher seed yields were obtained with wide-row sowing – 1.15 t/ha (row spacing 70 cm, seeding rate 0.9 million pcs/ha) and 1.04 t/ha (45 cm, 1.2 million pcs/ha), with ordinary sowing for all studied – 0.90-0.91 t/ha. An increase in the seeding rate from 2.0 to 3 million pcs/ha during ordinary sowing was accompanied by an increase in the yield of stems by 3.1 t/ha (27.4 %), the fiber content in stems from 30.9 to 31.8 % and its collection from 3.91 to 5.54 t/ha. By wide–row sowing with row spacing of 70 cm, the stem contained 26.5–28.7 % fiber with a total yield of 3.37–4.18 t/ha, by sowing with row spacing of 45 cm, the fiber content in the stem increased to 29.8–30.4 %, which made it possible to harvest 3.71–4.77 tons of fiber per 1 hectare. Economically effective methods of sowing and seeding rates of ʻLyudmilaʼ cannabis variety have been identified, ensuring the profitability of seed production at the level of 129–147 %.

Gravitropism is an adaptive reaction of plants associated with the ability of various plant organs to be located and to grow in a certain direction relative to the gravity vector, while usually the asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin is a necessary condition for the gravitropical bending of plant organs. Earlier, we described significant morphological changes in phloem fibers with a thickened cell wall located on different sides of the stem in the area of the gravitropic curvature. The present study is the first work devoted to the identification of genes encoding auxin transporters in cells at different stages of development and during gravity response. In this study, the flax genes encoding the AUX1/LAX, PIN-FORMED, PIN-LIKES, and ABCB auxin transporters were identified. A comparative analysis of the expression of these genes in flax phloem fibers at different stages of development revealed increased expression of some of these genes at the stage of intrusive growth (LusLAX2 (A, B), LuxPIN1-D, LusPILS7 (C, D)), at the early stage of tertiary cell wall formation (LusAUX1 (A, D), LusABCB1 (A, B), LusABCB15-A, LusPIN1 (A, B), LusPIN4-A, and LusPIN5-A), and at the late stage of tertiary cell wall development (LusLAX3 (A, B)). It was shown that in the course of gravitropism, the expression of many genes, including those responsible for the influx of auxin in cells (LusAUX1-D), in the studied families increased. Differential expression of auxin transporter genes was revealed during gravity response in fibers located on different sides of the stem (upper (PUL) and lower (OPP)). The difference was observed due to the expression of genes, the products of which are responsible for auxin intracellular transport (LusPILS3, LusPILS7-A) and its efflux (LusABCB15-B, LusABCB19-B). It was noted that the increased expression of PIN genes and ABCB genes was more typical of fibers on the opposite side. The results obtained allow us to make an assumption about the presence of differential auxin content in the fibers of different sides of gravistimulated flax plants, which may be determined by an uneven outflow of auxin. This study gives an idea of auxin carriers in flax and lays the foundation for further studies of their functions in the development of phloem fiber and in gravity response.

The technological process can be studied based on data on the transformation of the distributions of characteristics of the processed fibrous material. The model of distribution transformation can be used as a tool for process control and optimization. We view the technological process as a heterogeneous discrete Markov probabilistic process. The authors proposed a probabilistic model for transforming the distribution of a particular quantitative characteristic of fibers in the flow of fibrous material in the technological process. The transformation of the fiber material distribution in this process is predicated on a weighting function relating the distributions of fiber and fibrous material characteristics before and after the process. Through discretization of the model, the transformation matrix was determined. The article discusses various methods for solving the problem of estimating the weighting transformation function. An adaptive random search is proposed as an algorithm for optimal estimation of transformation matrix elements. It has been established that the quality of the assessment depends on a priori information about the process. The formulated model for describing the transformations of the characteristics of fibrous material in the technological process enables the study of the features of the interaction of fibers with the working parts of machines and facilitated the control and optimization of the mode of this interaction.

Enhancing the adhesive properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is a significant research and development topic in materials and technology. The adhesive properties of PAN fibers, namely, their ability to adhere to other materials or matrices, play a key role in the production of various composite materials, fiber composites, and carbon fiber products. Enhancement of the adhesive properties of PAN fibers can pose the following challenges: PAN fibers are chemically inert and difficult to form adhesive bonds with other materials. This makes it difficult to glue, stitch, or join with other materials. PAN fibers contain a limited number of active functional groups that can participate in chemical reactions with other materials, thereby reducing adhesion. PAN fibers have a smooth and non-porous surface, which also complicates adherence to other surfaces. The low surface energy of PAN implies that the molecules do not have a high affinity for other materials. In this context, the article addresses the pressing issue of enhancing the adhesive properties of PAN fibers through the use of low-pressure radiofrequency capacitive (RFC) plasma, which facilitates the creation of additional active groups on their surface. Active groups on the surface of the fibers can interact with other materials, such as resins, adhesives, or coatings, enhancing adhesion and creating more reliable connections. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of low-pressure high-frequency capacitive plasma on the adhesive properties of PAN fibers. The results of the adhesive strength and capillarity of PAN fibers after pre-treatment with low pressure plasma are discussed.

Cotton is a valuable crop for the Russian economy. Creation of the initial material for breeding work, as well as the introduction into production of high-yielding cotton varieties adapted to growing conditions are the main tasks set for Russian breeders. The study of agronomic traits of cotton varieties was carried out at Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the north of the Astrakhan region, in 2017-2019. The research was performed in order to identify productivity potential, as well as to determine the adaptive capabilities to extreme climatic conditions of the Northern Caspian region. Cotton varieties were compared with the standard (AS-1). The results were processed according to methods of mathematical statistics. All varieties studied in the research had good indicators of agronomic traits. UZ-4 and Goliot varieties were characterized by the highest yield values - 3.0 and 2.6 t/ha, respectively.

Background. In textile production, improving the physical and mechanical properties and durable coloring of products is relevant. Purpose. To study the possibility of dyeing PET fibers based on masterbatches from VPET alcoholysis products and to study the physicochemical and technological properties of Pre Oriented Yarn (POY) fiber. Methodology. Moisture absorption (GOST 10681-75), density (tex, calibrated weight (XB-620), specific tensile strength (cN/tex) (ASTM D1294, according to CND-16/0414, PROWHITE laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey), GOST were studied 6611.0.1.2-73 The percentage of fiber grease was determined in a YG981-III Fiber Grease Shredder, tested according to GB/T 6504-2008. Originality. The possibility of using modified masterbatches based on VPET alcoholysis products for dyeing threads has been shown. Findings. It is shown that the values of the indicators of relative strength, elongation at break, the proportion of lubricant, punta are comparable. In the case of using black masterbatch, it was found that in order to improve the color saturation, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the masterbatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudan grass is characterized by drought and heat resistance and is the best among annual and perennial bluegrass feed crops by the content of the main nutrient element - protein. The aim of the research is to evaluate 200 accessions and varieties of Sudan grass according to productivity and quality of green mass, to identify the sources of valuable traits and their correlation. The study was carried out in the Rostov region on ordinary carbonate black earth (chernozem). The collection of Sudan grass was evaluated in 2016-2019, of which contrasting weather conditions were characterized by 2017 (HTC = 0.85) and 2018 (HTC = 0.34). There were identified varieties and accessions that exceeded the standard variety Alexandrina according to green mass yield by 17.0-56.3 % (K-311, V-51/2, Chernoplenchataya 10, Alisa, K-187, Gratsiya, etc.); in terms of dry matter content – above the standard by 4.0-8.3 % (K-141/1, K-348/2, Svetloplenchataya 1, ‘Chernosemyannaya 191) and dry matter yield – by 26.4-60.5 % (Chernoplenchataya 10, Alisa, K-187, etc.). The sources of high content of crude protein include samples of the collection K-237, K-349/1, Topolek, K-311, K-161ch, Sudanka 24, Rossiyanka (14.82-16.13%); fiber - K-176/2, Ozornitsa, K-265/2, K-10257, etc. (38.8-40.4 %). The identified samples have been recommended for use in hybridization to develop new highly productive varieties and hybrids with high quality green mass. As a result of correlation-regression analysis, a weak negative relationship was established between the yield of green mass of Sudan grass and the content of crude protein in it, with an increase in protein content by 1 %, the yield decreases by 93.8 g/m2.

The research is devoted to the feed value and amino acid composition of sprouted triticale grain. The purpose of the study is to study the feed value of sprouted triticale grain. The article presents the results of a study of 3 domestic varieties of sprouted triticale grains for use in the feed industry. The physicochemical parameters, as well as the mass fraction of carbohydrates, the content of vitamins, mineral elements and the amino acid composition of sprouted triticale grains were studied. The data obtained indicate that the use of sprouted triticale grains is a source of easily digestible carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and enzymes. According to the content of crude protein, the leading grade of Taza was 15.83%, according to the content of crude fiber, the grade of Kozhar was 13.77%. The content of the mineral elements potassium and phosphorus is highest in the Asiada variety potassium- 422.18% and phosphorus-340.07%. The use of sprouted grain in the feed industry to increase the digestibility and digestibility of animal feed. The practical significance of the technology for the production of compound feeds using sprouted triticale grain in order to improve quality and increase shelf life.

The authors review the results of complex theoretical studies of the physico-mechanical and rheological properties of high-strength steel-fiber concrete in comparison with non-reinforced fine-grained high-strength concrete made of self-compacting mixtures under short-term and long-term load exposure. Based on the data of extensive experimental studies, methods of Mathematical description of concrete properties depending on the key factors of influence have been selected and developed. A steel fiber concrete with a minimum content of the selected type of fiber is studied, at which the positive effect of fiber reinforcement begins to manifest itself. The theoretical approach of V.M. Bondarenko to the description of creep measures of steel fiber concrete has been developed. The developed methods can be used to calculate structures made of high-strength steel-fiber concrete using the modern diagram method.

The article summarizes results of studies of homophase synthesis of a copolymer based on acrylonitrile and 2-acrylamid-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid synthesized with an acidic comonomer content in a reaction mixture of 30 % (by weight of monomers) in a 51.5 % aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate. On its basis, fibrous and granular ion-exchange materials were produced and their sorption activity was studied. By the method of acid-base titration, its static exchange capacity (SOE) was determined, which amounted to 1.40 mmol-eq/g. Complexometric titration was used to produce data on the dynamics of sorption of zinc ions by ionite from ZnSO4 solutions in the concentration range of 0.001– 0.1 mol-eq/dm3. The dynamic characteristics of the sorption of zinc ions by the ion exchanger in H+ and Na+-forms are given. It is noted that it is difficult to work with materials containing more than 30 % (by weight of monomers) of the acidic comonomer, due to the strong swelling of the sample. Обобщены результаты исследований процесса гомофазного синтеза сополимера на основе акрилонитрила и 2-акриламид-2-метилпропансульфокислоты, синтезированного при содержании кислотного сомономера в реакционной смеси 30 % (от массы мономеров) в 51,5 %-м водном растворе роданида натрия. На его основе получены волокнистые и гранулированные ионообменные материалы и изучена их сорбционная активность. Методом кислотно-основного титрования определена его статическая обменная емкость (СОЕ), которая составила 1,40 ммоль-экв/г. Методом комплексонометрического титрования получены данные о динамике сорбции ионитом ионов цинка из растворов ZnSO4 в диапазоне концентраций 0,001–0,1 моль-экв/дм3. Приведены динамические характеристики сорбции ионов цинка ионитом в Н+ и Na+-формах. Отмечено затруднение работы с материалами, содержащими более 30 % (от массы мономеров) кислотного сомономера, ввиду сильного набухания образца.

The currently sown fine-staple cotton varieties are characterized by low yield, late ripening, and resistance to various Fusarium races wilt and other cotton pests. Breeders are faced with the task of providing cotton-textile clusters with raw materials from high-quality cotton fiber. This requires the creation of new fine-fiber varieties of cotton, combining early maturity, high yields with increased number of fruit branches, quantity, and weight of raw cotton in one box. These important elements ensure the yield of fine- staple cotton. This article deals with the creation of the cotton variety Duru-Gavkhar-4 belonging to the genus Gossypium barbadense L. using a traditional synthetic breeding method. During many years of individual selection, a new promising fine-staple cotton variety Duru-Gavkhar-4 was created, which was obtained by crossing the Duru-Gavkhar variety with the 9647I variety. The new variety suc- cessfully passed the State Variety Test in 2020 with a result of 98 % in terms of varietal purity and uniformity. The fiber of the new cotton variety Duru-Gavkhar-4 belongs to type I. The vegetation period of the variety is 125–128 days, the yield is 33–38 сentner/ha, the fiber yield is 33–35 %, the draw weight of one box is 4.0–4.2 g, the fiber length is 39–41 mm, the weight of 1000 seeds is 118.2 g. In terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators, this variety dominates the control variety, that was Termez-31 (G. barbadense L.). The micronaire index is 3.8–4.1, which fully meets the requirements of the textile industry. The promising cotton variety Duru-Gavkhar-4 is currently being tested in the cotton-textile cluster of “KOVOTECH” in the Bagat district of the Khorezm region.

The article presents the results of evaluation of 19 collection accessions of fiber flax in the conditions of the North-West of Russia (Tver region). The experiments were carried out in 2015-2017 on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil. The most favorable conditions for the formation of high yields of flax fiber were formed in 2017 (Ij = 0.52), for flax seeds ‒ in 2015 (Ij = 0.07). According to the flax fiber yield, such varieties as Tost 3, Atlant (Russia), Evea (France), Alizee, Merylin, (Holland) have been noted, their yield was in the range of 1.65 (Atlant) ... 2.18 (Evea) t/ha, which is 17.0...51.3 % higher than the standard Alfa variety. The variability of this trait in domestic varieties Tost 3 and Atlant is average (CV = 22.58 and 33.31 %, respectively). The varieties of West European breeding Evea, Alizee, Merylin have high variability (CV = 35.02…41.70 %). Varieties Merylin, Evea and Atlant also showed a high yield of flax seeds 0.77...0.82 t/ha with the variability level of 21.31...28.58 %. These genotypes significantly exceeded the average value for this trait – coefficient of adaptability (CA) was 1.10…1.25. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of fiber flax accessions, including the yield of fiber and seeds, as well as their adaptive properties - stress resistance (Y2 - Y1), genetic flexibility and compensatory ability (Y1 + Y2 / 2), stability (d), the highest indicators were shown by the varieties Tost 3, Atlant and Evea. These genotypes are a valuable source material in fiber flax breeding for adaptability. The expansion of sown areas under these varieties in the conditions of the North-West region of Russia will contribute to solving the problem of the country's raw material supply.

This article reflects the results of a study on the effect of nettle leaf powder on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of wheat bread. Nettle leaves is a good source of proteins, fibers, minerals and other bioactive compounds and it could be an ideal ingredient for improving the nutritional value of bread and bakery products. Nettle leaf powder was mixed with wheat flour in different ratios: 1 %, 3 % and 5 % to prepare bread samples. The results showed a significant increase in the protein, ash and fiber content of bread. The specific volume of the bread decreased as the level of nettle leaf powder increased due to a decrease in the gluten content of the mixture and due to the interaction between dietary fiber components, water and gluten. Substitutions of 1 %, 3 % and 5 % give parameter values at least the same as the control sample and give acceptable indicators of bread quality in terms of specific volume and organoleptic properties.

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of promising lines of fiber flax according to the main agronomic traits and adaptability based on the results of breeding variety testing in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of Pskov region in 2016-2019 on sod-weakly podzolic light loamy well-cultivated soil. The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the growing season was in 2016 – 1.98, in 2017 – 1.60, in 2018 – 0.95 and in 2019 – 1.44. Abiotic conditions of the year had the greatest significant impact at 5 % significance level on the formation of plant height (79.2 %), the yield of flax seeds (83.6 %), flax straw (78,0 %) and flax fiber (68.5 %), the duration of the growing season (58.3 %). The share of the genotype prevailed in the formation of the fiber content in the stem (75.0 %). Variability was greatest in the yield of flax seeds (CV = 26.4...34.1 %); mainly average ‒ in the yield of flax straw and flax fiber (CV = 11.3…21.5 %) and weak ‒ in other characteristics (CV = 1.5...10.5 %). Based on the results of the research according to the complex of agronomic traits, three best lines of practical interest have been identified: P-4382-3-2 f-3, P-4453 c-6 and P-4629 sh-1. All of them belong to early ripening (the growing season is 77...79 days), are resistant to lodging (4.1...4.7 points) and fusarium wilting (86.5...93.3 %), tall (78...81 cm), have the yield of flax straw (50.2...51 c/ha) and flax seeds (5.9...6.9 c/ha) at the level of standard variety Voskhod. They are characterized by high fiber content (35.9...39.6 %) and flax fiber yield (18.4...19.9 c/ha), exceeded the standard by 2.5...5.9 % (abs.) and 7.6...17 %, respectively. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the breeding material according to productivity and adaptability parameters, using the ranking principle, the same genotypes are the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the NorthWestern region, as having scored the lowest amounts of ranks. Their use in breeding programs will contribute to the development of new varieties that ensure high and stable yields of flax products of good quality.

The question of increasing the reliability and durability of reinforced concrete structures is a priority. One of the ways to increase the strength of concrete is using of dispersed reinforcement. The interest of using of fiber-reinforced concrete in Russia, as well as in Europe, Asia and the USA has increased significantly in recent ten years. The improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete is noted to depend on the reinforcement parameters, such as the volume content of the fiber, the characteristics of the dispersed reinforcement, the structure of the concrete matrix, etc. Authors consider various types of fibers for dispersed concrete reinforcement, specifically polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, acrylic, polyester, cotton, asbestos, glass, basalt, steel, carbon. Description of the main advantages and disadvantages of each type of fiber is given. Comparative characteristics are presented in terms of density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at fracture of the materials used to manufacture the fiber. The influence of fibers on crack strength of fiber-reinforced concrete under impact loads is studied. Analytical review of existing works found that it is possible to achieve a significant increase of strength of fiber-reinforced concrete in axial compression, tension, tension in bending, shear compared to ordinary heavy concrete.

A problem of determining the fiber volume fraction in fiber-reinforced strands of fabric-based laminated composites is considered. As a source of information about the structure of the material, digital micrographs of the ground surface of the cross-sections of the composites are used. Methods and features of the analysis of raster microscopic images of heterogeneous material associated with variable pixel brightness and blurring of the "fiber-binder" boundaries are discussed. To make the image processing less labor-intensive and more objective, a special autoencoder is proposed and built. The study of the structure of a typical structural carbon fiber-reinforced plastic is illustrated by an end-to-end demonstration example. A significant acceleration of the image processing process using the convolutional autoencoder and a good agreement of the results with a careful manual analysis are shown.

Background. The development of innovative technologies for the production of construction materials, including heat-insulating materials for special purposes, is relevant. Purpose: Study of chemical and mineralogical compositions, IR spectroscopic characteristics and determination of the module of acidity of basalts of the Arvaten deposit and determination of their suitability for obtaining mineral fiber. Methodology. The studies were carried out using modern methods of chemical, X-ray phase and IR spectroscopic analyses. Originality. The suitability of the basalt rock of the Arvaten deposit for the production of mineral fiber has been established. The influence of the material composition on the acidity modulus of the prototype basalt sample was determined. Findings. The content of rock components - basalt of the Arvaten deposit - was determined. The value of its acidity modulus and the influence of the chemical composition of the basalt sample on it are determined, and the IR spectroscopic characteristics are determined. Its suitability for obtaining basalt fiber has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main trend in the development of dairy farming in the Russian Federation suggests maximising milk yield and reducing milk net cost. The economic effectiveness of industrial dairy farming is largely determined by adequate feeding, as well as effective system of measures to ensure animal health and prevent infectious and non-infectious mass diseases. The main reason for the premature retirement of highly productive cows is based on the factors typical of the intensive technologies used in dairy cattle breeding, which lead to the occurrence of metabolic diseases. It is established that the intensity of metabolism is directly linked to the high productivity of cows. With a highly concentrated, mainly silage-based type of feeding, an imbalance of nutrients is often recorded, in particular as regards the sugar/ protein ratio, leading to deep metabolic disorders and the development of immunodeficiency states. Metabolic disorders in highly productive cows occur as a result of unbalanced diets as far as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are concerned. Acidosis, ruminitis and hepatosis are recorded in disordered cows and heifers. The service period exceeds 100 days in 70–75% of cows. Hepatosis and immunodeficiency states are often found in calves born to cows with signs of deep metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders often remain unnoticed and become apparent only when pronounced pathological changes occur resulting in decreased productivity and ability to reproduce resistant young animals, as well as culling of animals. Metabolic diseases were recorded in 30–70% of cows examined in large dairy farms. The average lifetime productivity of high-yielding cows is (2.1 ± 0.15) lactations in Russia. The results of epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing of sera samples showed that emulsion inactivated vaccines administered to immunodeficient cattle induce higher titres of virus-specific antibodies than those in animals vaccinated with adsorbed vaccines.

This article describes instruments for measuring the forces involved in the sliding process during friction of the thread and the forces between the fibers during drawing. A device was developed for measuring the friction forces between fibers based on electric strain gauges and processing their data on a computer. On the device both static and dynamic values of the friction coefficients can be measured. The use of the device I production will make it easy to select lubricants to optimize the processes of drawing textile materials and improve the quality of products by increasing the uniformity of the tape, rovings and yarn.

Significant attention in the article is devoted to the study of different technology of the lobe and the physical and mechanical properties of oil flax fiber and primary processing in relation to Kazakhstan. When studying the technology of oil flax fiber soaking, the task was set of separate the fiber from the stems, removal of lignin and pectin-forming substances. The questions of various technologies of the flax stalks are considered. The most optimal technology for producing textile fiber was determined for the conditions of Kazakhstan. Comparative studies of linear density and length of fibers have been carried out. According to the results obtained, the linear density of the fiber in an aqueous medium is 6.7 T, the result of the treated fiber is 3.1 T. That is, the technology used is to remove lignin and pectin from the fiber.

This article provides information about the technology of primary processing of wool and the feeding part of the baking machine. It analyzes the operating principle and types of baking machines at the enterprise of primary processing of wool. The disadvantages of baking machines affecting the product are considered. The principle of work and the design of new baking machines for the manufacture of quality products are proposed. The article provides information about the technology of primary processing of wool. Studied the mechanisms of machines for the production of wool and identified their design flaws. The designs and sizes of the pegs of the peg drum are analyzed. The designs of the loosening machines used in the loosening process were studied. The types and principles of baking machines working at the enterprises of primary processing of wool are analyzed. The technical characteristics of the machines are given. The negative aspects of the details of the mechanical impact on the product are noted. Defects of baking machines and their effect on the product are explained. The design and operational principle of a new spraying machine for the preparation of high-quality products is proposed. The proposed characteristics of the machine have high performance, structural design, impact on the product, low energy consumption, energy efficiency and effective loosening. In this machine, the optimal version of parts that have a positive effect on the natural characteristics of the product is selected.

The article gives questions about improving the quality of yarn and reducing its discontinuity, which are closely related to the unevenness of semi-finished products that occur during their extraction. It is explained by the tables given, which compare the control and research indicators of the distance between the modified exhaust device Q-Packe ring-spinning machine.

The quality of textile fabrics is evaluated by physical, mechanical, consumer and hygienic properties. The durability of a fabric is also characterized by its resistance to abrasion. In turn, this durability and breathability of the fabric depends on many important factors, such as the strength of the yarn, the type of fiber, the composition of the yarn and its linear density, the density and thickness of the fabric, the thickness of the fabric, and so on. The abrasion resistance and breathability of a fabric largely depend on its structural characteristics, i.e., the degree of bending and the density of the warp and purl threads. This degree of bending is determined by the area of ​​one or another part of the product and the purl thread. This area is the reference surface of the tissue. In this article, a comparison of the quality indicators of shirt fabrics with twill weave from 100% polyester fiber and 100% cotton shirt fabrics with twill weave, as well as changes in their properties of breathability, wrinkle resistance, abrasion resistance, was studied.

This article shows ways to increase wear resistance and improve the quality of fabric by studying its structural parameters. To achieve this goal, research was carried out on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of fabrics, expanding the range and improving the quality of shirt fabrics. It is shown that the change in the quality of the fabric, i.e., strength and elongation at break, depends primarily on the number and density of fibers in the fabric, as well as on its thickness. Thus, the denser the fabric, the higher its strength, abrasion resistance and lower breathability. In addition, the fiber content of fabrics is of great importance, since the strength of some chemical fibers is higher than that of natural fibers, especially cotton fibers.

During the research conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute for Starch Products there has been developed a technological mode of using cellulolytic enzymes to reduce the viscosity of grain pulp obtained by grinding naked oat grains soaked in a sodium metabisulphite solution. As the experimental data had been processed, the optimum technological parameters of the process were determined: the consumption of the enzyme preparation Viscoferm was 200 g/t of grain and the dura-tion of fermentation by constant stirring for 2.5 hours at pH 4.6 and temperature 50°C. Under laboratory conditions there has been studied the possibility of starch processing of naked oat grain samples Vyatka, Percheron, 857h05, 766 h05 varieties grown in the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky. Technological assessment based on grain processing in the laboratory using the “plant on the table” method has shown that the yield of coarse-grained starch A in the processing of naked oat using cellulolytic enzymes is 51.4-53.9%, i.e. higher than that of filmy oats, rye Falenskaya 4 and Vyatka 2, wheat and triticale. Low starch content in fiber (7.7-8.7% dry substances DS of fiber) was found in comparison with the results obtained from the processing of filmy oats, Falenskaya and Vyatka 2 rye varieties, wheat and triticale (11.2 - 13.9% DS of fiber). Fiber output by the processing of naked oats is 7.3 - 8.8% DS of grain, by the processing of other types of grain 10.3 - 17.5% DS of grain. The yield of small-grain starch B in the processing of the studied varieties of naked oat is 19.2 - 20.8% DS of grain, that is higher than this value obtained by processing of filmy oats and wheat, but lower than by pro-cessing of rye and triticale. Isolated carbohydrate-protein concentrate, including starch B and proteins, is recommended for use with the extract and fiber as a component for the production of feed.

The aim of the work is to study bent multimode fiber with parabolic refractive index profile. For that, second-order corrections to propagation constants of longitudinally perturbed arbitrary dielectric waveguide’s modes were found using perturbation theory. From that general result, a simple analytic equation describing the corrections to propagation constants of modes in bend parabolic optical fiber were derived. It was shown that the increments of squares of mode propagation constants are the same for all modes. Moreover, increments of mode propagation constants’ differences in bend fiber are proportional to mode propagation constants’ differences in straight fiber. The proportionality coefficient is independent of the mode number. The obtained results are of high importance for development of optical fiber sensors, in which fiber bending is possible.

This research used sengon and mahang wood. Sengon was taken as a representative of plantations and Mahang was taken as representative of natural forests. Sengon and Mahang possess low density, therefore it requires strength improvement. One of the methods used is densification. The study used the parameters of the previous research which were considered optimal. This research used 3.5 cm initial thickness, 6 minutes densification time, 150oC temperature, and initial treatment by boiling for 45 minutes. Research result exhibited an increased density in sengon and mahang’s radial and tangential plane with a percentage of 50%. The Dunnet test results on radial plane parallel press and perpendicular press, as well as on tangential plane parallel press and perpendicular press, exhibited a significant hardness increase compared to the control board. Furthermore, the compressive strength parallel to sengon and mahang densified board fiber is higher compared tocontrol board fiber.Sengon board displayed an increase of 73.75% on the radial board plane and 97.58% on the tangential board plane. Mahang board displayed a lower increase of 39.05% on the radial board plane and 43.00% on the tangential board plane.

The consumption of sour cream in Russia is growing every year. According to the data obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Customs Service, the production volume of sour cream in Russia in-creased by 5.55% in 2014–2018. However, the production of sour cream remains lower than its consumption. The solu-tion may be in production of sour cream products, which will make it possible to satisfy the demand, while non-dairy components will make the products functional. The authors propose to use fiber as a functional ingredient. The present research featured sour cream, a sour cream product with a 20% fat content, and such components of plant origin as fiber of Vitaminaya Polyana brand, rye fiber, wheat fiber, wheat fiber with licorice, and carrot puree. The authors selected the most optimal formula and composition for sour cream products. Standard research methods were used to study the sensory, physical, chemical, and microbiological indicators of the dairy products. The experiment revealed that 2.5% of fiber in the composition of sour cream product improved its consumer properties while preserving the original taste and smell of the product. Carrot puree was used as a color correcting and flavoring component. Its dosage was determined empirically. The sample of sour cream product with a carrot puree fraction of 5.0% received the highest overall rating. Fortified sourcream was obtained according to the technological scheme of production of sour cream with the addition of non-dairy components at the standardizing stage. The samples of sour cream product with fiber were found to promptly restore its structure and were characterized by an increased viscosity index compared with the control sample. The research resulted in a sour cream product with wheat fiber, licorice, and carrot puree. Samples of sour cream products and sour cream were stored for 20 days at a temperature of 6 ± 2 °C. The study established the optimal shelf life as 14 days.

Based on the qualitative analysis of the geometric pattern of deformation of flat specimens from cross-ply fibrous composites with the [±45°]2s lay-up when they are under tension and compression and using the physical dependencies compiled earlier for this class of composites, the relationships have been derived that made it possible to determine the components of the strain and stresses in the material orthotropy axes through the axial strain of the specimen measured in the experiment. In the linear formulation of two- and three-dimensional problems, numerical experiments have been carried out to determine the parameters of the stress-strain state of specimens consisting of one and two laminas of unidirectional fibrous plastic with [±45°] and [±45°]2 structures, respectively. The cases of tension of long and compression of short specimens have been considered; the analysis of the forming stress components along the fibers located in the central part and in the vicinity of the corner points of the specimens has been carried out. Experiments on the tension of flat specimens from a fiber composite with a [±45°]2s lay-up to determine the deformed state using a non-contact strain measurement system have been performed. The obtained results allow to indicate areas in which the implementation and continuous change of internal non-classical buckling modes of structural elements of fibrous composites are possible during the loading process, which is probably one of the reasons for the physically nonlinear behavior of specimens with the [±45°]2s lay-up under tension and compression.

The paper presents the results of Relacy Race Detector (RRD) library research as applied to the problem of multithreaded code testing. The study revealed several shortcomings of the RRD library. They are: a static number of threads, complex project structure, errors in implementation and lack of support for snapshots. The work has corrected the shortcomings described above and presented a new approach for the atomic snapshot of multiple threads using fork and fiber mechanisms. With the application of these results and implemented changes it is now easier to use the RRD library for multithreaded applications testing.

In the Russian Federation, linseed is cultivated as an oil crop for seed production then its bast fiber part of a plant does not used due to the lack of processing technology and special equipment. Machinery factory named by Korolev (city Ivanovo) produces domestic equipment for flax primary processing for high price, but which is not adapted to produce fiber from stems of linseed. New low-cost technology and technological equipment for the primary processing of linseed fiber directly on the fields in flax-growing farms without building capital facilities and utilities have been done at the All-Russian Research Institute for Flax Production. This resource-saving technology allows rationally use the biological potential of the crop, to learn new types of production, to create additional jobs in farms and countryside. The calculations of the cost of new technological equipment, volumes of fibrous of raw materials for its processing, cost of linseed fiber producing at all transitions from the field to the final product in comparison with the existing basic technologies and technical means are presented in the article. On the basis of production tests of new equipment and quality characteristics of the obtained linseed fiber, carried out in 2015-2017, the areas of application in textile industry and other sectors of the economy have been recommended - cottoning fibers, nonwoven materials, environmental building insulation, composite materials. The low-cost innovative technology and its using in real economy is available for all categories of farms and fiber processing plants. The advantages of the new technological line compared to the existing baseline AKLV-1-01 (Korolev’s machinery factory) are the following: the processing capacity of raw materials is 1.6 times higher; fiber production with wide rank characteristics, as an average mass-long from 40 to 200 mm, content of shives from 10 to 20%, linear density from 1.5 to 7.0 tex; the power of electric motors was 1.8 times lower (from 65 to 36 kW) , the costs of materials consumption was 1.8 times lower and the cost of equipment decreased from 11.200 to 7.000 thousand rubles. Calculations of economic efficiency of production and the payback of new resource-saving technological equipment confirm the validity of the use of the proposed technology. Additional revenue from the sale of fiber will be more than 2 billion rubles per year, and net profit of more than 500 million rubles. The payback period of the equipment of one production line is less than two years.

Background. Object of research are modern methods of non-contact product diagnostics. The subject of research is a diagnostics of dynamic pressure gas flows near the peripheral ends of the bladed wheel of a turbomachine. The purpose of the work is the analysis of methods for diagnosing the parameters of turbomachines and the development of the design of a dynamic pressure sensor. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using the optical characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings. Results. An analysis of non-contact diagnostic methods is carried out, the most relevant method based on the reflective properties of the optical fiber is identified. Proposed dynamic pressure sensor design. Conclusions. Based on the analysis to diagnose the dynamic pressure gas streams in the area of the peripheral gap turbomachinery blade wheel sensor has been selected from fiber Bragg gratings.

Abstract. The paper presents the results of researches with legume-grass mixtures, which consisted of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The experiment was designed to study sward mowing stages (branching stage of legumes and booting stage of grasses; budding-early flowering stage of legumes and earing stage of grasses) and different types of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, limestone-ammonium nitrate, urea) which were introduced on phosphorus-potassium background. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of the studied factors on the quality indices of the forage of legume-grass mixtures and to conduct its evaluation in accordance with the current standard. General scientific and special scientific methods were used: field, laboratory and calculation methods. The evaluation of experimental swards by some forage quality parameters (the content of crude protein, crude fiber, fodder units, metabolizable energy and leaf proportion) allowed to reveal the optimal variants of fertilizers and mowing regimes. It is expedient to use ammonium- and limestone-ammonium nitrate as nitrogen fertilizers in the conditions of natural moisture of Western-Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on dark gray podzolic soils for the effective use of sown legume-grass agrophytocenoses. The mowing of plants in the early stages of vegetation contributes to the improvement of forage nutritive value and to increased forage quality category.

The study of the initial material of Grass pea for its breeding in the Nizhnee Povolzie The study includes variety samples of Grass pea taken from the collection of IPI. Two varieties ‘Racheyka’ (light-kernelled) and ‘Mramornaya’ (dark-kernelled) have been taken as standard varieties. The trials showed a great range of morphological indexes. The interval of the range was as following: stem length - 43.7-59.0 cm; attachment height of a lower bean - 15.0-21/0 cm; number of beans per plant 24.9-42.7 pc.; number of kernels per plant - 40.4-67.8 pc., 1000-kernel weight - 189.2-277.2 g; nature weight - 782.0-836.0 g. A slight variability (coefficient of less than 10.0%) has been found in such traits as stem height, 1000-kernels weight and nature weight. An average variability has been found in such traits as attachment height of a lower bean, number of beans per plant and number of kernels per plant. According to the results of statistics the variability of biochemical composition of kernels and green mass have been grouped into three grades. Slight variability has been noted in content of raw protein, ash and nitrogen-free extractive fraction (NfEF) in seeds; in content of raw protein in green mass. Average variability has been noted in content of raw fiber in seeds, in content of raw oil, fiber , ash and NfEF in green mass. Great variability has been noted in content of raw oil in seeds, in content of raw protein in green mass. The trials have revealed such variety samples of Grass pea, whose content of raw protein in seeds is more than 30% (к-703, к-780, к-924, к-1118, к-1289, к-1402, к-1867) and content of protein in green mass is more than 25% (к-292, к-780, к-1867)

Background. Currently, the issue of energy-saving and import-substituting types of products is relevant. One of the ways to solve the problem as soon as possible is the development and development of an effective technology for the production of basalt fibers based on the raw materials of Uzbekistan, which have a complex of high physical, chemical and operational properties. Purpose: to determine the suitability of igneous rocks, in particular, in particular, the andesite basalt of the Karakhtay deposit for producing fiber. Methodology. The melting temperature, viscosity, density, and porosity of materials were studied using optical, x-ray, and differential thermal methods of analysis. Originality. The possibility of using the andesite basalt of the Karakhtay field for the development of fiber compositions has been studied for the first time. Findings. The main criteria for the suitability of andesite basalt rocks of the Karakhtay deposit for fiber production are determined. The results of physicochemical studies are presented and the parameters of acidity modulus (Ma) and viscosity modulus (Mv) are determined, which have a significant impact on the entire process, from melt homogenization to fiber formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology of cementation of reinforced-concrete slabs with non-extractable-liners for the «Monofant» system, using wet concrete spraying is implemented. A compression test for obtained columns made of fiber concrete is carried out.

Roszkowska Beata, Piłat Beata. Miąższ dyni jako surowiec do otrzymywania naturalnych produktów kandyzowanych = Pumpkin pulp as raw material for natural candied products. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(9):127-140. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI10.5281/zenodo.30107 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30107 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%289%29%3A127-140 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/617082 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.07.2015. Revised 24.08.2015. Accepted: 29.08.2015. MIĄŻSZ DYNI JAKO SUROWIEC DO OTRZYMYWANIA NATURALNYCH PRODUKTÓW KANDYZOWANYCH Pumpkin pulp as raw material for natural candied products Beata Roszkowska, Beata Piłat Katedra Przetwórstwa i Chemii Surowców Roślinnych Wydział Nauki o Żywności , Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Katedra Przetwórstwa i Chemii Surowców Roślinnych Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn e-mail: beata.wronowska@uwm.edu.pl Streszczenie Obecnie wzrasta świadomość konsumentów i zainteresowanie nie tylko zdrowym trybem życia, ale również żywnością prozdrowotną. Konsumenci chętnie kupują produkty nowe, charakteryzujące się wysoką wartością odżywczą oraz pozytywnie wpływającą na organizm człowieka. Wśród bogatego asortymentu produktów warzywnych znajdują się produkty z udziałem dyni. Jednym z interesujących sposobów wykorzystania miąższu z dyni jest jego kandyzowanie. Celem badań było uzyskanie nowego produktu z miąższu dyni w postaci kostki kandyzowanej o pożądanej teksturze. Do badań wykorzystano przemysłowe odmiany dyni: Karowita, Junona, Justyna, dostarczone przez Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Handlowo-Usługowe „Szarłat” w Łomży. W surowcu oznaczono zawartość ekstraktu ogólnego, cukrów redukujących i cukrów ogółem, zawartość związków fenolowych ogółem, zawartość błonnika pokarmowego, pektyn, karotenoidów (ogółem oraz β-karotenu), jak również kwasowość ogólną i zdolność wychwytywania rodnika DPPH. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę tekstury kostki dyni świeżej oraz kandyzowanej, nieblanszowanej i poddanej procesowi blanszowania, za pomocą Uniwersalnej Maszyny Testującej Instron 4301. Uzyskane wyniki poddano następnie analizie statystycznej przy użyciu programu STATISTICA 10.0 PL. Do wykazania różnic między przemysłowymi odmianami dyni wykorzystano jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji z testem Duncana (p≤0,05). Miąższ dyni odmiany Karowita może stanowić surowiec do produkcji kostki kandyzowanej o większej zawartości związków fenolowych (27,62 mg/100g) i wyższej aktywności przeciwutleniającej (244,9 ilość µM DPPH/1 mg związków fenolowych). Zastosowanie do produkcji kostki kandyzowanej miąższu dyni odmiany Justyna zawierającego najwięcej β-karotenu (3,87 mg/100g) oraz cukrów ogółem (9,67%), pozwoli na uzyskanie produktu o intensywniejszym pomarańczowym zabarwieniu. Więcej substancji teksturotwórczych (błonnik, pektyny) zawiera miąższ dyni odmiany Karowita, a kostka kandyzowana z tego surowca jest najbardziej jędrna. Słowa kluczowe: miąższ dyni, błonnik, związki fenolowe, karotenoidy, kandyzowanie, tekstura. Abstract Today, increasing consumer awareness and interest not only a healthy lifestyle, but also pro-health food. Consumers are willing to buy a new product, with high nutritional value and positively affecting human body. Among the wide range of vegetable products are products with the pumpkin pulp. One of the interesting ways to use the pumpkin pulp is its crystallization. The aim of the study was to obtain a new product from the pumpkin pulp in the form of candied cubes with desired texture. The study used industrial pumpkin varieties: Karowita, Junona, Justyna supplied by Production, Trade and Service "Amaranth" in Łomża. In the raw material, content of the total extract, reducing sugars, total sugars, total phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, pectins, carotenoids (total and β-carotene), as well as total acidity and DPPH radical scavenging ability were determined. Moreover, the texture analysis of cubes of fresh pumpkin and candied, not blanching and subjected to a process of blanching, was carried out using Instron universal testing machine 4301. The results were then statistically analysed using STATISTICA 10.0 PL. To demonstrate the differences between the varieties of pumpkin was used ANOVA with Duncan's test (p ≤ 0.05). The flesh of the pumpkin variety Karowita can provide the raw material for the production of candied cubes with a higher content of phenolic compounds (27.62 mg/100g) and higher antioxidant activity (244.9 µM DPPH/1 mg of phenolic compounds). Application to the production of candied cubs the pumpkin pulp variety Justyna containing much β-carotene (3.87 mg/100g) and total sugars (9.67%) allows to obtain a product with more intense orange colour. More textural substances (cellulose, pectins) contains pumpkin pulp variety Karowita, and candied cubes made from this raw material have the most firmness. Key words: pumpkin pulp, fiber, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, crystallization, texture.

The results of study of 21 collection samples for variability of the biochemical composition of green beans are presented. The best selected samples characterized by stable content of total sugars, dry matter, and diet fiber are recommended for use in breeding program for development of new improved varieties of vegetable beans.

The influence of preliminary alternating-sign curve on mechanical and plastic properties of heavy metals halogenidesfibers is shown. It is evident that the sharp yield pointdisplacement is caused by edge dislocation crawling over the distance of several lattice spacings per second, while the alternating-sign curves of samples can lead to the packing defects and obstacle dislocation displacement.

We consider questions connected with strength properties of continuous fibers from basalt, carbon and fibreglass under the influence of hostile alkaline KOH; environment in researches were carried out on plaits, having 4000 threads of continuous fiber. The influence of hostile environment on strength properties of fiber and on its structure of surface layer is shown.

We investigated the process of production of oriented fibers by melt spinning of biodegradable hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) copolymers. It was revealed that temperature has a large effect on the stability of extrusion and quality of fibers, and the optimal paramter values were found. We showed that the diameter of fibers and orientation degree depend on the spinning rate which can vary in a wide range (from 2-3 to 40 m/min), not affecting the quality of fibers. We studied the extensibility and deformability of fibers at different temperatures and found the conditions allowing to produce fibers with the diameter of 0.17-0.20 mm with high mechanical characteristics (strength 306 MPa, elasticity modulus 3 GPa, elongation at break 24%), that were stable during the 3 month period of observation. We obtained and analyzed extension curves on which three areas were fixed: linear elasticity, visible deformation, totally nonreversible deformation, which is typical for the elongation curves of polymer elastomers. It was stated that the produced fibers have high mechanical stability at static and cyclic loading conditions (up to 100 MPa); in the area of linear elasticity the deformation of fibers is practically totally reversible after 1000 cycles of loading.