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The decreasing of content of animal, palmitic milk fat (butter) by means of its substitution with vegetable, oleic, palmy oil in food of adults optimal by its quantity is physically chemically and biologically substantiated. In oleic palmy oil higher content of oleic mono unsaturated fatty acid and oleic triglycerides than in creamy fat is established. The biologic availability of palmitic unsaturated palmitic acid in the form of free fatty acid is decreased at its absorption by enterocytes of small intestines is detected. There are no transforms of mono unsaturated acids in palmy oil in contrast with hydrogenated margarines. In palmy, oleic oil there is not enough of short-chained fatty acids (C4-C6) and it has no taste quality and it has low level of unsaturated fatty acids and factually it is lacking of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, it is compensated in case of availability offish and sea products in food. If adults, especially older ones, will refuse to consume creamy fat and decrease intake of products with high content of palmitic unsaturated fatty acid and palmitic triglycerides (beef, sour cream, fatty cheeses) it'll positively impact their health. The refusal from these products is a real step in prevention of metabolic pandemic (atherosclerosis and atheromatosis, metabolic syndrome, resistance to insulin, obesity). There are still large number of people who at optimal amount of food retain in vivo increased amount of exogenous, endogenously synthesized from glucose palmitic unsaturated fatty acid in the form of unesterified fatty acids (syndrome of resistance to insulin) and increased content of palmitic triglycerides.

We found small but statistically significant increase in the number of stable to peroxide oxidation saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the auditory cortex of KM rats in comparison with control Wistar ones. The levels of fatty acids in the cells of the auditory cortex of KM rats were studied at different times (1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 14 days) after a single audiogenic seizure. The changes in fatty acids composition in auditory cortex of KM rats were found already in time point 1 h after convulsion, the maximal decrease of fatty acids levels was observed at 3 days after convulsion. These data suggest that the fatty acids pool in this time was depleted. Finally, we found the recovery of the better part of fatty acids in the auditory cortex of KM rats to 14 day after convulsion. These results can be used for development of new approaches to eliminate brain damage after seizures.

We studied the biosynthesis of isocitric acid from rapeseed (canola) oil by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and its regulation. We determined a fundamental possibility for directed biosynthesis of isocitric acid by Y lipolytica yeast, with only minimal amounts of citric acid byproduct, when grown on a medium containing canola oil. Wild type strains of Y lipolytica were mutagenized by UV irradiation and treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG). Subsequent selection on media with acetate and isocitrate resulted in isolation of a UV/NG Y lipolytica UV/NG mutant that synthesized isocitrate and citrate at a ratio of 2.7:1. In the parent strain, this ratio is 1:1. Inhibition of isocitrate lyase, a key enzyme in the metabolism of isocitric acid, by the addition of itaconic acid resulted in increased synthesis of isocitrate with a ratio of isocitrate to citrate reaching 6:1. Culturing of the Y lipolytica UV/NG mutant in a pilot industrial fermenter in the presence of itaconic acid resulted in the production of 88.7 g/L of isocitric acid with a yield of 90%.

This review discusses the metabolism of key monounsaturated fatty acids in human (Ω7-palmitoleic acid, Ω9-oleic acid). These acids are obtained from dietary sources and can also be synthetized endogenously. Palmitoleic and oleic acids belong to different Ω-families of fatty acids and their structural differences may cause variations in their susceptibility to enzyme and free oxygen species attacks. These characteristics may also determine the physiological role of abovementioned acids. This article is dedicated to analysis of peculiar features of human monounsaturated fatty acids metabolism in comparison with other fatty acids in normal and pathological conditions.

The composition of fatty acids synthesized de novo by thirty strains of zygomycetes from various taxa was studied. The qualitative fatty acid compositions of the fungal lipids were found to be virtually identical, but there were significant differences in the contents of individual acids. Highly active producers of essential C18 fatty acids, with their content exceeding 30-40% of total fatty acids, were discovered among the fungi of the families Mucoraceae, Pilobolaceae, and Radiomycetaceae. Linoleic acid was found to predominate in the fungi of the genera Radiomyces, Mycotypha, and Circinella, and linolenic acid (identified as its gamma-isomer by gas-liquid chromatography), in the fungi of the genera Absidia, Circinella, Pilaira, and Hesseltinella. The total yield (mg/l) of bioactive acids (C18:3, C18:2, C18:1) varied from 761.4 in Pilaira anomala to 3477.9 in Syncephalastrum racemosum; the total yield of essential acids, from 520.7 in Pilaira anomala to 1154.5 in Hesseltinella vesiculosa; of linoleic acid, from 279.7 in Pilaira anomala to 836.3 in Mycotypha indica; and of linolenic acid, from 120.8 in Mycotypha indica to 708.0 in Hesseltinella vesiculosa. The data on the efficient synthesis of these acids make the actively producing strains promising for biotechnological synthesis of commercially valuable lipids. Linderina pennispora VKM F-1219, a zygomycete of the family Kickxellaceae, which was earlier singled out into the order Kickxellales [12], was shown to differ from zygomycetes of the order Mucorales in having a high content of cis-9-hexadecenoic (palmitoleic) acid, reaching 37.0% of the fatty acid total.

In experimental alcohol intoxication of rats with 40% ethanol content of higher fatty acids was altered in liver tissue. Content of saturated fatty acids was increased within 30-180 days of experiment, while the content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was simultaneously decreased.