Search

The goal of the research is to determine the basic characteristics of the connection between students’ school achievement in mathematics and the Serbian Language and their parents’ education and family structure. A total of 600 seventh-grade students participated in the research. A descriptive method was used, and the data was collected using a survey technique. Based on the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the level of education of both mother and father is equally important for students’ achievement at school. Life in a complete family impacts student achievement in mathematics and the Serbian language. The mentioned factors have the same importance of influence, in the same order, both in teaching mathematics and in teaching the Serbian language. However, it is evident that the structure of the family, as a predictor of achievement, has a very small influence in terms of percentage relative to the educational level of the parents.

In modern Russia, the family institution is a matter of national security. This research featured the key transformations of the modern Russian family. The article presents the transformation stages in the context of the actual social relations, identifies the factors of these changes, and establishes the main trends that characterize the current state of the Russian family. Family models have become more diverse, as well as the strategies of couple relationship and parenthood. The traditional family functions are undergoing some transformations, e.g., new formats appear while others fade into the past. The modern family is characterized by individualism and rationalization instead of standards. Late parenthood requires more available reproductive technologies. These new trends are to be observed all over the country and in all age groups. Young metropolitan dwellers manifest rationalization and freedom of choice: they make marriage and divorce decisions quite easily, see marriage as optional, and are prone to late marriage and parenthood. The concept and implementation of state family policy in modern Russia need to take into account the abovementioned trends, as well as the actual attitude of the population to family relations and parenthood.

Introduction. Scientific discussions on the implementation of the second demographic transition have not been completed, it is possible to identify specific features of changes in the structure of families in different countries or different social groups (for example, religious ones), but it is premature to talk about the universality of this process. In modern Russia, the social structure of families and households has changed, however, in order to capture the essence of the changes and identify the factors that have had an impact; it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation. The answers to the following questions are of scientific interest: how the structure of families in Russia has changed; what motivation is the basis for reproducing the structure of large families in different periods of demographic transition? The article presents an analysis of empirical data that allows us to identify trends in the transformation of the structure of the Russian family; to characterize the motives of reproductive behavior in large families, to determine what conditions and resources are required in large families to form or maintain well-being. Materials and methods. The information base was the data of the All-Russian population censuses for 2002, 2010 and 2020; the results of the author's research were an in-depth interview with parents from a large family in the course of the All-Russian sociological study ‘Demographic well-being of the regions of Russia’, 2021. Results. The changes in the structure of Russian families towards the increasing share of large families under the influence of demographic policy measures have been revealed, the consolidation of this trend requires the implementation of targeted measures to support the institution of a large family, which, in the authors’ opinion, should correspond to the ideal model of a ‘prosperous family’. Discussion. It is important to develop a demographic policy strategy taking into account trends in the structure of Russian families. The analysis of interviews with large families provided for the formulation of the main directions of assistance to large families, as well as to systematize social practices of members of large families aimed at preserving and developing the family well-being.

During the second half of the 19th century, Russia saw sweeping economical, social and political development. Czar Alexander II's empancipation led to reforms made in law, education, and military, bringing older and younger generations face to face. The new generation was influenced by the ideas of such philosophers as N. A. Dobrolyubov and N. K. Chernyshevsky, and denied their ancestor's value judgments and beliefs. The old generation, on the other hand, stuck heavily to Russian tradition and orthodoxy, and resisted this nihilistic movement. Antinihilists regarded the action and the thoughts of the young generation as a threat to Russia. Out of that, a parallel genre of literature developed between 1860 and 1880: the antinihilistic novel, which criticized the social, political, and religious philosophy of nihilism. Russian author Aleksey Feofilaktovich Pisemsky (1821-1881) was a key Russian realist. In his 1871 novel In the Vortex (В Водовороте), he introduced his readers to nihilistic and the antinihilistic heroes using vivid realism. The novel described a tragic picture of Russia of the 1860s, and draws attention to the degeneration of the Russian family and societal structure. In this study, we shall explore how Russia evolved during this period the characteristics of the antinihilistic novel, and Pisemsky's antinihilistic attitude in this aforementioned book, and then analyze the novel using historical literary methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family evolution is an important research issue of historical and demographic science and becomes especially interesting in moments of intense socio-economic transformation. In this paper, the households of the Tatars, who lived in the Saratov governorate during the late 19th century, are described. For this purpose, the primary materials of the Zemstvo agricultural censuses carried out in the 1880s–1890s were studied. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Tatars’ households was performed to identify the relationship between the household dwellers and structure. It was revealed that the Tatar households were not very large (about 5.8 persons per household, from 4 to 7 persons according to half of the observations). The structure of the households was analyzed based on P. Laslett’s classification: the results of the analysis demonstrate that most Tatar families were small, both in the number of households (58%) and in the number of persons living in them (50%); complex and extended families were the second and third common structural types, respectively. The hypothesis about increasing complexity of the family structure (from small to extended and complex) with the growth of the number of households was verified. According to the statistical data, the extended families did not prevail in any of the quantitative groups of households and occupied an intermediate position between the small and complex families.

The difficult demographic situation and the search for an effective model of demographic and family policy have revived the discourse about the Russian family model. The article aims at describing general and specific characteristics of the desired family model in different generations to identify vectors of transformation of the family institution and directions of the family policy. The authors conclusions are based on the statistical data, all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010), micro-census (2015), sample surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service, and the results of the authors research conducted in 2019. Ideas about the desired family model change under the influence of cultural and social-economic factors and differ between generations; therefore, a comparison of the opinions of different generations allow to identify transformations of the desired family model and directions of family policy. Family is still a significant value for Russians, but the model of the desired family changes towards nuclearization, mosaic family life models, decreasing role of formal mechanisms for regulating marriage, and increasing share of people who do not want a family. The discourse about the traditional family model, which is the basis of the Russian family policy, is supported by many Russians only formally. In general, Russians ideas about the desired family model change in the direction of liberalizing norms and attitudes to marriage and family life, and there are serious generational differences. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis allowed the authors to identify typological groups that differ in their ideas about the happy family.

The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasing in all age groups, including children and adolescents. Due to the severity and clinical presentations of the disease in children, sociopsychological aspects, including parent-child relationships (PCR), is the focus of attention.Objective: to study of the characteristics of PCR in families of children with MS.Patients and methods: Ten families of MS adolescents (a study group), and 10 families of healthy adolescents (a control group) were examined. The exclusion criteria were depression in a child and intellectual incapacity. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, a family sociogram, and the parenting relationship questionnaire were used to assess PCR.Results and discussion. The families of children with MS showed symptoms of mild or moderate depression in the mothers; a predominantly unbalanced type of the family structure; the needs of mothers and children to change the distance with all family members equally; low self-esteem of the child and parent; the desire of the latter to cooperate with the child.Conclusion. PCR in families of children with MS requires further investigations.

Aim. To study the family structure specifics in Yakut mentality.Methodology. The article presents the results of the projection technique “Family Sociogram” conducted as part of psychological consultations at the Center of Active longevity. Results. The study revealed the following features of Yakut family: the family is understood as a kindred consisting of sibling families of ancestors. Yakut families are characterized by a stable connection of adult children with their parents, even after the creation of their own families by adult children. The structure of Yakut family has a clear generation division: grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren. The next distinguishing feature is the recognition of the independence of the son-in-law/daughter-in-law.Research implications. The use of the projection method in the mentality study will help to reveal the deep features of Yakut mentality. The study results can be used in the practice of psychological counseling.

The article considers the distribution of family units of the Republic of Kalmykia according to the results of the all-Russian population census - 2010. The analysis of family structure and the distribution of children within the family units based on the results of the 2010 Population Census shows the predominance of small families in the Republic of Kalmykia and in Russia as a whole. Most families of the Russian Federation have one child (68 %), the proportion of large families is negligible (6 %). In Kalmykia, the situation is more favorable. However, the overall growth of families having one or two children is also typical for the region. One of the major problems of the Republic is a high proportion of single parenting among young families. According to the 2010 Population Census, more than a third of families (39,3 %), where parents are under 35 years, raise their children without a spouse. That is why a single-parent family has difficulties in carrying out its specific functions, one of which is reproductive. In most single-parent families there is only one child (73,7 %). The comparison of distribution of children among urban and rural families shows minor differences in family structure of Kalmykia. At the same time the spread of families having one or two children in the Republic is gaining momentum.

The place of the municipal district on the number of the living population among the municipal districts of the Volgograd region is defined. The rating of urban and rural settlements of Ilovlinsky municipal district of the resident population is compiled by. The features of the natural movement of the population (for example, births, deaths and marriages) are considered. The analysis shows that Ilovlinsky municipal district is among the districts with the simple subtype of reproduction of the population (with an index of natural increase + 0,4 %). The intensity of the marriage union-related with increasing the number of marriages in the study area is revealed. The main reasons for increasing the number of marriages are defined. Forecast for further change of marriage is done. The family structure of the population of Ilovlinsky municipal district is studied. The average family size, family type is determined. The reasons that determine the change in the average size of the family, simplifying the type of family (nuclearization) are defined. Some of which include: the marriage rate and fertility; trends in mortality; changes in family traditions:housing. Households of Ilovlinsky municipal area in size and structure are studied. Tendencies of development of the households are defined: the simplification of their structure (nuclearization) and reduced size. The peculiarities of national (ethnic) composition of the population, based on comparing the results of the National Population Census in 2002 and 2010 are considered. Two ethnic groups, depending on the characteristics of reproduction are identified: group 1 increased its share in the total population of the district; group 2 reduced its share in the total population of the district. The reasons that determined the change of number of people living in the area are noted.

Despite the fact that the modern family, due to the dramatic changes on the global and national level, entrusts many of its biological, economic and psycho-social functions to other institutions, there is almost a general consensus among criminologists that the family of origin, i.e. the family of orientation is one of the most influential factors when it comes to juvenile delinquency. Although the family is in a continuous transition process, it still has a dominant role in shaping attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors that can either promote or prevent delinquent behavior. In this context, the author analyzes in detail the aspects of family life that have the greatest significance in the etiology of juvenile delinquency. These are: the socio-economic status of the family; family structure; family atmosphere and social-pathological phenomena in the family. The paper also examines the possibilities of preventive action of the family of origin in the field of suppression and prevention of juvenile delinquency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a review of foreign studies, which analyze the factors in the social situation of adolescent development, influencing the offenses committed by juveniles: the role of family structure and social status (income, parental education), the role of relationships with parents (parental control level, quality of teenager’s relationships with parents), the importance of social relationships with peers. We show some characteristics of the family, which are the factors of adolescents protection from the offense commitment. It is also shown that adolescent relationship with peers play an important role in the processes of his socialization; that the problematic relationships with peers increase the likelihood of teenager’s criminalization, despite having family protective factors. Studying the preconditions of offenses in teens’ social and family sphere can be used to develop programs to support adolescents who have already committed offenses, and prevention programs for adolescents at risk of probability of initiation to the criminal community and committing crimes.

The article presents research findings on the perceptions of the parental family in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. The study was based on the four aspect model of the family system, developed by A.B. Kholmogorova (2011). The structural and dynamic characteristics of parental families (family representations) were studied using self-report methods. Significant differences were found in a number of parameters. For example, closed external borders and numerous coalitions (primarily between mother and child) were found in families of patients with schizophrenia both before and after the manifestation of the disorder. At the same time, strong connections between all members of the family are seen in patients with schizoaffective disorders (as opposed to coalitions), while excessive impermeability of external borders is seen only after the manifestation of the disorder. It is shown that as compared to patients with schizophrenia, the family system of those with schizoaffective disorder is closer to the system of healthy patients and is less dysfunctional both before and after the manifestation of the disorder. The authors conclude that there is a difference in the psychosocial contexts of the onset and course of different schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The paper describes some common peculiarities in evolution of the State family politics and policies in Europe since the middle of the XIX century to our days. Неге we define the family policy widely enough as the state activity (ideological, legislative, economic, social) concerning a family. The State family policy has four main dimensions such as demographical, social, gender and existential ones. The analysis of the long-term trends in European family policies made it possible to draw four main periods in its evolution. A set of the main problems, priorities and practices is defined for each period. The article also presents the links between the origin of every new period and the changing families, demographical and social realities. The first period (from the second half of the XIX century till the end of the 1940th) is described as the institutionalization of the European family policy. The main problem of this period is the demographic one. The links between the institutionalization of the European family policy and the changes in family life, demographic and social changes in the boundary of the XIX-XX centuries are shown. The second period (the 1950th) is characterized by the development of the social dimension as a part of the becoming European welfare state. In 1950-s, the main focus in family policies was made on the overcoming of the family poverty. The third period (the 1960th – the end of the 1980th) is characterized by a pluralization of the problems, strategies, measures of family policy under the influence of the differentiation of family structures and styles of family life. The fourth period (from the beginning of the 1990th to the present time) deals with reformatting of the conventional relations of the state and a family in the conditions of a new family, demographic, social and economic European context. The article presents the diversity of the family policy models in the European countries in their connection with the political and ideological factors. Special attention is paid to interdisciplinary scientific family studies which are directed to the practical solution of the modern family problems. It is noted that the European scientific centers for family studies and researches play a significant role in the scientific maintenance of European family policy.

The article presents the results of studying representations of the parental family in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study is based on the four-aspect model of the family system developed by A.B. Kholmogorova. Research methods and stages are described. Structural and dynamic characteristics of patients' families (family representations) are analyzed. It has been shown that the family system of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders is characterized by an uneven distribution of power, weakness of the parental subsystem, existence of parent — child coalitions and a number of communicative dysfunctions. Families of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are also characterized by closed external borders and vague internal borders. These characteristics of the family are present before the manifestation of the illness, but become more pronounced after the manifestation.

This article is presenting the results of the research of 6—8 years old children's perception of their family structure. The research was carried out in 2009—2010. Initially the research had the traditional scheme (design). There were two groups of children — an experimental group (children from divorced families) and a control group (children from non-divorced families). However, it became clear in the course of research that the data we gathered in experimental group was of the heterogenic quality. We had also involved in the research the parents of children from divorced families for the more detailed analysis of every divorce history. That helped us to systematize differences in divorce group. Thereby the group of children from divorced families was divided in two subgroups — with «good» («finished») and «bad» («unfinished») divorce. As it turned out, this dividing was clearly connected with differences in experimental group's children's perception of their family structure. So we had become closer to experimental establishing of empirical effects of «good» or «constructive» and «bad» or «unconstructive» divorce situations — through differences in children's perception of their family. This part of the research could be considered as flight, but the obtained results point out new questions in actual psychological theory of divorces.

In article problems joint influence of factors of the environment (anthropogenesis air pollution and social factors) on psycho-functional development of children of preschool age in the capital megalopolis are investigated. It is shown that chemical pollution of the environment renders braking effect on development of children of preschool age, and at joint influence of factors in group with incomplete structure of a family the importance of distinctions on decrease growth indicators in comparison with group of preschool children with full structure of a family is noted.

Aim: To study the relationship between the family structure and characteristics of the response to stress in adolescent addicts., Material and Methods: The study included 65 patients who used psychoactive substances and 42 healthy controls. A set of psychological methods was used., Results and Conclusion: In the group of adolescent addicts, a low result was revealed on the scale 'family cohesion'. A high level of development of such mechanisms of psychological defense as denial, suppression, repression, compensation, substitution, intellectualization and reactive education was diagnosed in both groups. Significant differences were revealed only in repression. Such stress coping strategies as self-control, escape-avoidance and problem-solving were more often used in the main group while confrontational coping, distancing, seeking social support, accepting responsibility and positive reassessment were used in the control group. Lower indices of resilience in adolescent addicts compared to the control group.