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The present-day challenge of oil industry is gradual decrease of conventional light crude reserves and increased consumption of hard-to-recover heavy crude. The goal of thesis is to establish change regularities of structural-mechanical properties and thermody-namic activation parameters for viscous flow in oil dispersed systems (ODS) of various composition (paraffin and naph-thene and aromatic bases) from Timan-Pechora petroleum region (Russia) in a broad range of temperatures and shear rates and under the exposure of external fields, and also to experimentally determine phase diagrams of binary hydrocarbon systems (nonadecane – decaline and nonadecane – naphthalene) modeling ODS mixture of completely opposite nature. Study results can be used for predicting and preventing structure formation during production, transport and storage of ODS's with various content of solid paraffins, resins and asphaltenes.:INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. ANALYSIS OF THE MODERN CONDITION AND METHODS OF RESEARCH OF HEAVY OILS 1.1 The current state of hydrocarbon reserves 1.2 Oil classification 1.3 Oil chemical composition 1.4 Influence of components of oil dispersed systems on their low-temperature properties 1.5 Structuring in oil dispersed systems 1.6 Rheological models of oil dispersed systems 1.7 Evaluation of the thermodynamic characteristics of the activation of the viscous flow of oil dispersed systems 1.8 Chemical composition and structural-mechanical properties of the oils from Timan-Pechora province 1.9 Modern methods of influencing the structure and properties of oil dispersed systems CONCLUSIONS TO CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2. OBJECTS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH 2.1 Objects of research 2.1.1 Physical and chemical properties of oils from Timan-Pechora province 2.1.2 Physical and chemical properties of high-boiling fractions from Timan-Pechora province 2.1.3 Physical and chemical properties of light distillate from heavy oil and individual hydrocarbons (nonadecane, decaline and naphthalene) 2.2 Research methods 2.2.1 Methods of conducting research on the physicochemical properties of oils 2.2.2 Methods of determining the group hydrocarbon composition of oil dispersed systems 2.2.3 Method for determination of low-temperature properties of binary systems 2.2.4 Methods for determining the structural and mechanical properties of oil dispersed systems from Timan-Pechora province 2.2.5 Characteristics of sources of external impact on oil 2.2.6. Methods of processing samples by external influence CONCLUSIONS TO CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3. INVESTIGATION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF BINARY AND OIL DISPERSED SYSTEMS 3.1 Justification of the computational models used to describe the phase diagrams of binary systems 3.2 Investigation of low-temperature properties on model binary systems of nonadecane-decaline and nonadecane-naphthalene 3.3 Investigation of the low-temperature properties of a light distillate mixture (NK-330 °C) of heavy naphthenic-aromatic Yarega oil and light paraffin haryaga oil CONCLUSIONS TO CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4. INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OILS AND THEIR HIGH-BOILING FRACTIONS UNDER EXTERNAL EXPOSURE 4.1 Determination of the type of liquid in oil dispersed systems at different temperatures 4.2 Determination of the dependence of the ultimate shear stress of oil dispersed systems on temperature 4.3 Investigation of the thixotropic properties of the oils from Timan-Pechora province 4.4 Impact of external fields on the rheological properties of heavy oil 4.5 Effects of external fields and diluents on the rheological properties of heavy oil CONCLUSIONS TO CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5. RESEARCH OF THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVATION OF A VISCOUS FLOW OF OILS AND HIGH-BOILING FRACTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS (TEMPERATURES AND SHEAR RATE) 5.1 Liquidus temperature and activation energy of viscous flow of oil dispersed systems 5.2 Thermodynamic characteristics of the activation of a viscous flow of oil dispersed systems 5.3 Investigations of the strength of intermolecular interaction in oil dispersed systems as a function of the frequency of molecule jumps 5.4 Change in the activation energy of viscous flow of oil dispersed systems with increasing shear rate 5.5 Changes in thermodynamic characteristics of the activation of a viscous flow of oil dispersed systems with increasing shear rate 5.6 Changes in the strength of intermolecular interaction in oil dispersed systems with increasing shear rate CONCLUSIONS TO CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION LIST OF ACCEPTED REDUCTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEX 1. Act of introduction of development in LLC LUKOIL-Ukhtaneftepererabotka APPENDIX 2. Patent of the Russian Federation 'Method of preparation of heavy oil for refining