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The study of genetic resources using prolamin polymorphism in wheat cultivars from countries with different climatic conditions makes it possible to identify and trace the preference for the selection of the alleles of gliadine-coding loci characteristic of specific conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the “gliadin profile” of the collection of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from breeding centers in Russia and Kazakhstan by studying the genetic diversity of allelic variants of gliadin-coding loci. Intrapopulation (μ ± Sμ) and genetic (H) diversity, the proportion of rare alleles (h ± Sh), identity criterion (I) and genetic similarity (r) of common wheat from eight breeding centers in Russia and Kazakhstan have been calculated. It has been ascertained that the samples of common wheat bred in Kostanay region (Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station, Kazakhstan) and Chelyabinsk region (Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia) had the highest intrapopulation diversity of gliadin alleles. The proportion of rare alleles (h) at Gli-B1 and Gli-D1 loci was the highest in the wheat cultivars bred by the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region (Saratov region, Russia), which is explained by a high frequency of occurrence of Gli-B1e (86 %) and Gli-D1a (89.9 %) alleles. Based on identity criterion (I), the studied samples of common wheat from different regions of Kazakhstan and Russia have differences in gliadincoding loci. The highest value of I = 619.0 was found when comparing wheat samples originated from Kostanay and Saratov regions, and the lowest I = 114.4, for wheat cultivars from Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions. Some region-specific gliadin alleles in wheat samples have been identified. A combination of Gli-A1f, Gli-B1e and Gli-Da alleles has been identified in the majority of wheat samples from Kazakhstan and Russia. Alleles (Gli-A1f, Gli-A1i, Gli-A1m, Gli-A1o, Gli-B1e, Gli-D1a, Gli-D1f, Gli-A2q, Gli-B2o, and Gli-D2a) turned out to be characteristic and were found with varying frequency in wheat cultivars in eight regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. The highest intravarietal polymorphism (51.1 %) was observed in wheat cultivars bred in Omsk region (Russia) and the lowest (16.6 %), in Pavlodar region (Kazakhstan). On the basis of the allele frequencies, a “gliadin profile” of wheat from various regions and breeding institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan was compiled, which can be used for the selection of parent pairs in the breeding process, the control of cultivars during reproduction, as well as for assessing varietal purity.

Relevance. In Belarus, no full-fledged studies have previously been carried out to identify species diversity, to identify forms of vegetable beans that have similar genetic diversity. The purpose of the research is to determine the number and ratio of biotypes, to identify the level of genetic polymorphism in vegetable bean varieties by electrophoresis of storage proteins.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out at the BSAA in 2021–2022 on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil. The experience was based on generally accepted methods and guidelines. The objects of research were 42 varieties of vegetable beans (34 - bush form) and (8 - climbing) of Belarusian and Russian selection. Analysis of seed storage proteins in vegetable bean varieties and identification of spectra were carried out according to the methods. To assess the differentiating positions (zones) of the spectrum, identify protein components, and estimate the molecular masses of proteins, standard marker solutions of proteins “Thermo Scientific” – Unstained Protein Ladder (range 5–112 kDa, number of identified proteins – 11) were used.Results. Differences between genotypes were revealed in internal genetic diversity and elements of the protein spectrum of globulins. It has been established that vegetable bean varieties are characterized by hidden genetic variability and a certain level of polymorphism with a different number of biotypes in the structure of the varietal population. In 60% of the analyzed forms, there is a direct relationship between the manifestation of rare, selection-significant components and the degree of complexity of the total component composition of the protein spectrum. This criterion has practical significance and can be used in breeding work with the vegetable bean crop.

Introduction. The main biological raw materials for the production of immunobiological preparations for identification of Bacillus anthracis are its specific antigens, the protective antigen and the EA1 protein. Purpose. To determine the antigenic identity of immunodominant proteins of different genovariants of B. anthracis isolated by gel chromatography and electrophoresis. Materials and methods. Culture filtrates of isogenic variants of B. anthracis strain 575/122 (pXO1+, pXO2+): R01 (pXO1+, pXO2); R00 (pXO1, pXO2) were used in the study. Gel chromatographic fractionation and electrophoretic separation were carried out according to standard methods. The antigenic properties of proteins isolated by gel chromatography and electrophoresis were studied by immunodiffusion with polyclonal monospecific sera against the protective antigen and the EA1 protein of the S-layer. Results. Gel chromatographic separation of B. anthracis 575/122 culture filtrates R01 (pXO1+, pXO2) and R00 (pXO1, pXO2)yielded fractions 1 and 5. Sera against EA1 protein and antigens of fraction 1 of strains B. anthracis 575/122 R00 and B. anthracis 575/122 R01 culture filtrates identified the identical antigens. Serum against antigens of fraction 5 of B. anthracis 575/122 R01 contained antibodies to numerous proteins, including the protective antigen isolated by electrophoresis. Discussion. The antigenic identity of immunodominant proteins isolated by gel chromatography and electrophoresis was identified. Conclusion. EA1 and PA proteins isolated by electrophoresis and gel chromatography can be used for production of monoclonal and polyclonal monospecific antibodies suitable for the design of diagnostic preparations.

Ensuring food safety of the quality of sold products is one of the urgent problems of the wine industry. The trend of falsification of well-known brands of domestic and imported wines is a characteristic feature of the modern market of wine products. Known methodological bases for assessing the quality of wine products in most cases do not have the potential to recognize many modern «technological solutions». To solve this problem an analytical method can be proposed on modern equipment "FTIR BACCHUS 3". This analyzer allows you to determine the chemical substances and the range characteristics of these substances. This method has been chosen for the identification of wine samples and not by chance, when using it, the analysis time is significantly reduced, and the range of chemical elements determined by the analyzer is quite wide, and reagents are not needed for this equipment. The method does not require preliminary preparation of samples; it is also quite new, not popular in Russia. The article presents a comparative review of classical wine identification methods. The presented material indicates the relevance of creating a database on the chemical composition of wines that determine their authenticity using new instrumental techniques. The proposed multi-parameter wine analyzer FTIR BACCHUS 3 is a system for the analysis of worts and wines using chemometric methods, based on the acquisition of the mid-IR spectrum (FTIR). The method is based on chemometrics, i.e. obtaining chemical data using mathematical methods of data processing and extraction, which will increase the reliability of assessing the authenticity and place of origin of wine products.

Сохранение долговечности каменных зданий напрямую зависит от состояния несущих кирпичных стен, однако возникающие дефекты вследствие нарушения гидроизоляции приводят к сокращению данного параметра. В настоящее время существуют эффективные способы восстановления гидроизоляции, применяемые при реконструкции и реставрации зданий. В статье проанализированы основные методы борьбы с капиллярным подсосом влаги в ограждающие конструкции. Изложены преимущества и недостатки традиционных и современных методов восстановления гидроизоляции. Проведено сравнение инъекционного и механического способов, а также метода, основанного на электрокинетическом явлении, представлены обоснованные параметры для сравнения методов восстановления гидроизоляции.

Background. In order to fully reveal the advantages of a cultivar and use it effectively in production, it is necessary to ensure high sowing and varietal qualities of seeds, which requires improvement in breeding and seed production. Biotechnological methods are increasingly used in initial seed production. High efficiency was shown by the method of electrophoresis of seed storage proteins – prolamins. The aim of this study was to assess the biotype composition and allelic state of the prolamin-coding loci in the new spring oat cultivar ‘Tobolyak’ for its further use in initial seed production.Materials and methods. In 2021, 1519 families of cv. ‘Tobolyak’ were studied using the method of native electrophoresis. Three grains from each family were selected for analyses by random sampling. Electrophoresis was carried out in vertical plates of 13.2% polyacrylamide gel at a constant voltage of 500 V for 4.5–5.0 hours.Results and conclusion. The study of cv. ‘Tobolyak’ families resulted in identifying 13 types of avenin patterns with a frequency of occurrence from 96.36 to 0.07%. A new block of avenin components controlled by the allele of the Avn B locus was described. Number 8 was assigned to this block. It was established that cv. ‘Tobolyak’ had been developed by crossing a minor biotype of cv. ‘Taezhnik’ (Avn 4.4.2) with the first biotype of cv. ‘Orion’ (Avn 2.8.2). The basis of cv. ‘Tobolyak’ was one genotype with the Avn 4.8.2 avenin formula. The remaining biotypes arose as a result of crossing the biotypes of cvs. ‘Taezhnik’ and ‘Orion’ as well as through mechanical contamination. To maintain the genetic stability of cv. ‘Tobolyak’, it is recommended to use only families of the first biotype in the process of original seed production.

Background. Identification of duplicates in the collections of genetic resources is the most important problem of seed gene bank management. Duplicate accessions expand the collection size, thus raising the costs of germplasm maintenance without broadening the genetic diversity.Materials and methods. The studied material included 17 pairs of Pisum sativum L. accessions from the VIR collection which presumably had been erroneously registered twice in the VIR catalogue; however, they had identical introductory numbers. The accessions entered the collection in 1922–1996 and to date they have been reproduced 2 to 16 times. After a field assessment, 15 pairs of putative duplicate accessions of various uses were selected for molecular analysis. A RAPD analysis was performed using five primers from the Operon Series. Total seed proteins were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results. The following criteria were used to ascertain identity of the accessions or their difference: 1) similarity of morphological characters (habitus, and anthocyanin pigmentation of flowers and vegetative organs) and flowering dates; 2) identity or polymorphism of RAPD profiles; and 3) identity or difference in electrophoretic banding patterns of seed storage proteins. Seven pairs of duplicates were identified according to the results of a comparative analysis. Among them, the accessions in the pairs k-81/k-1199, k-8331/k-8645, k-8719/k-8760, and k-8757/k-8825 turned out to be completely identical, while k8464/k-8472, k-8740/k-8873, and k-8689/k-8723 were heterogenic, but had similar RAPD profiles and seed proteins patterns.Conclusions. An integrated assessment involving in-field plant phenotyping and analyzing polymorphism of amplified DNA fragments and components in electrophoretic banding patterns of seed proteins is promising for detecting identical or heterogenic accessions in genebank collections.

Objective. Comparison, in conditions of experiment between impact of the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, on the terms of the burn and scalped wounds healing and morphological characteristics of the cicatrices formatted in its injectional or noninjectional introduction, using the method of electrophoresis. Materials and methods. The investigations were conducted on 30 white rats, which were divided into three groups with 10 animals in every group, median body mass of the animals have constituted (275.5 ± 15.1) gr. After achievement of medicinal sleep (intraperitoneal introduction of 1.0 ml of 0.5% solution of sodium thiopental in combination with 0.2 ml of propofol 1% solution the scalped skin incisions with the 1.5 × 0.5 cm dimensions were performed to the animals. Besides that, one of the incisions was processed with diathermy up to the scab crust formation. Both wounds were left open, without sutures. To the control group animals after the wounding conduction no procedures were performed, the wounds have been healed in primary pattern. To the Group I animals during two consequent weeks the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, was introduced, using intracutaneous injections twice a week in quantity of 10 ml, puncturing the injured zone around. To the investigation Group II animals the electrophoresis in accordance to own procedure through napkin, soaked in the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, was performed with the same rate. The blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, was prepared from the whole venous blood of human Group A(0), using centrifugation for achievement of targeted quantity of thrombocytes 850 000 in 1 ml. Morphological features of cicatrices formatted and their width were studied, using the methods of light microscopy and morphometry on the 21th day of experiment. Results. Application of the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, was accompanied by statistically significant reduction of the cicatrices width, which were formatted on the 21-th day in locations of the scalped wounds simulation (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 accordingly, for injectional and electrophoretic methods of application in comparison with the control group) and the burn (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005, accordingly, for the injectional and electrophoretic methods of application in comparison to the control group) wound. At the same time the cicatrices width in electrophoretic application of the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, was statistically significantly lesser (p < 0.05), than in its injectional introduction, not depending on the wound type. Besides that, the cicatrices connective tissue while application of the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, in a moment of the animals evacuation from the experiment have looked like more mature and differed by enhanced organization of the collagen fascicles localization. Conclusion. The method of noninjectional introduction of the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, which was proposed, owes certain advantages over its standard injectional application, which constitute the enhanced degree of maturation of connective tissue, more organized localization of the collagen fascicles, lesser width of the cicatrices evolved and the procedure painlessness. Noninjectional introduction of the blood plasm, enriched by thrombocytes, using method of electrophoresis is free from postinjectional complications, typical for standard methods of its introduction.

In the paper, modification of the electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) method for improving an accuracy of determining the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of nanoparticles in colloidal systems has been put forward. The modification included the creation of an original experimental setup operating in the heterodyne mode using a multimode fiber at the input of the recording unit, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and also an expansion of ranges of nanoparticles’ key parameters: sizes, electrical conductivity, concentration in solution. The theoretical substantiation for processing the scattering signal of polydisperse colloidal solutions of nanoparticles and calculating the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of colloidal systems was given. The high accuracy of the measured parameters was achieved, in comparison with the data obtained from the ZetaSizer Nano commercial device.

Background. Plants of the genus Astragalus are of interest as sources of various biologically active substances. Based on the Astragalus species, preparations used in scientific medicine have been developed. In addition, astragalus is a feed raw material for livestock. Purpose. Determination of the content and amino acid component of proteins, the mineral composition of the aerial part of Astragalus villosissimus, determination of the molecular weight of the protein. Methodology. The proportion of protein was determined by the method based on Nessler's reagent, FEK instrument (Metash 5000), at a wavelength of 400 nm. Separation and identification of FTC-amino acids was carried out on an Agilent Technologies 1200 chromatograph. IR spectra - on a Perkin-Elmer 2000 IR-Fourier spectrophotometer. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAAG) was used in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS PAGE); elemental composition of Optima-2400 DV (Perkin Elmer, USA). Originality. For the first time, the amino acid composition of the protein was isolated and studied from the aerial part of A. villosissimus. The mineral composition of vegetable raw materials was determined. Findings. Proteins were isolated, composition was identified. It was shown that the amount of protein in the plant A. villosissimus is 7.6%, the molecular weight is less than 10 kDa. In the IR spectrum, bands are observed in the region of the peptide bond, which are characteristic of proteins consisting of 17 amino acids. The highest content of elements Ca, K and Fe in the analyzed sample of the aerial part of A. villosissimus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relevant solution to the problem of processing meat industry waste in Russia is to obtain useful biologically active compounds from abundant organs. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the saline extraction as a method for extracting a mixture of promising biologically active compounds from the porcine pancreas, as well as to determine the optimal time for the process. The study consisted of extraction of the porcine pancreas with 0,9% sodium chloride solution for 5 h 30 min with further determination of the total protein concentration and proteomic profile of the samples taken throughout the process. Based on the analysis of the dependence of the total protein content in the extractant on time, the optimal extraction time was determined to be 135–150 minutes. When studying the results of electrophoresis and the data of their processing, the optimal extraction time for the targeted isolation of the low-molecular fraction of compounds was also determined to be 90 min. At the same time, 13 protein bands with a molecular weight of 52 kDa and below were found on the electropherograms. Saline should be considered applicable for obtaining extracts rich in biologically active substances, incl. hormones, enzymes and other physiologically active compounds.

Molecular and biochemical markers are used to analyze the intraspecific genetic diversity of crops. Prolamincoding loci are highly effective for assessing this indicator. On the basis of the Laboratory of Varietal Seed Identification of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, 18 varieties of common oat included in the State Register of Selection Achievements in the Tyumen Region from the 1930s to 2019 were studied by electrophoresis in 2018–2019. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of the genetic diversity of oat va rieties at avenin-coding loci. For the analysis, 100 grains of each variety were used. Electrophoresis was carried out in vertical plates of 13.2 % polyacrylamide gel at a constant vol tage of 500 V for 4.0–4.5 h. It was found that 44.4 % of the varieties are heterogeneous, each consisting of two biotypes. For three loci, 20 alleles were identified, 10 of which were detected for the first time. The allele frequency of avenin-coding loci varied with time. In the process of variety exchange, alleles that are characteristic of varieties of non-Russian origin were replaced by alleles present in domestic varieties and then in the varieties developed by local breeding institutions. The following alleles had the highest frequency in Tyumen varieties: Avn A4(50.0 %), A2(25.0 %), Avn B4(50.0 %), Bnew6(37.5 %), Avn C1(37.5 %), C2 and C5(25.0 %). These alleles are of great value as markers of agronomically and adaptively important characters for the region in question. The amount of genetic diversity of oats varied with time from 0.33 in 1929–1950 to up to 0.75 in 2019. The high value of genetic diversity in modern breeding varieties of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals and an increase in this indicator over the past 20 years are associated with the use of genetically heterogeneous source material in the breeding process. This allowed obtaining varieties with high adaptive potentials in the natural climatic conditions of the region.

All over the world, research is currently underway aimed at finding the means of treatment and prevention of Covid-19 coronavirus disease . In such a situation, any new or long-known idea may be valuable.The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of medical science to the use of drugs based on silver compounds.One of the authors of the article is not a doctor, but as an experienced chemist, he has been developing and privately using silver compounds for the treatment of close relatives and friends for many years.Based on the foregoing, we consider it possible to offer for research treatment with silver inhalation with or without additional exposure to ultrasound (sound) and / or electrophoresis. We will offer interested organizations the composition of an ionic silver solution, which allows varying concentrations over a wide range. Mentioned composition is characterized by low cost and high stability over time. Во всём мире сейчас интенсивно ведутся исследования, направленные на поиск средств лечения и профилактики заболевания коронавирусом Covid-19. В такой ситуации может оказаться ценной любая новая или давно известная идея.Целью данной статьи является привлечение внимания медицинской науки к использованию препаратов на основе соединений серебра.Один из авторов статьи не является медиком, но как опытный химик, много лет занимался разработкой и приватным применением серебряных составов для лечения близких родственников и друзей.Исходя из перечисленного, считаем возможным предложить для проведения исследований лечение ингаляцией серебра с дополнительным воздействием, или без него, ультразвука (звука) и/или электрофореза.Заинтересованным организациям предложим состав раствора ионного серебра, позволяющего варьировать концентрации в широких пределах. Упомянутый состав отличается низкой стоимостью и высокой стабильностью во времени. Key words: epidemic; pandemic; treatment of coronavirus complications; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; silver compounds; inhalation; electrophoresis; ultrasound. Ключевые слова: эпидемия; пандемия; лечение осложнений коронавируса; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; соединения серебра; ингаляция; электрофорез; ультразвук.

Nanoimpregnation with particles of copper hydroxide-calcium in treatment of dental hyperesthesia (experimental study). Based on the Branstrem's theory of development of dental hyperesthesia, reliable and deeper obturation of dentinal tubules with microscopic particles may most effectively reduce this hyperesthesia. The aim of the study was the experimental validation of methods of nanoimpregnation of hypersensitive dentine with particles of copper hydroxide-calcium. Study results have provided rationalization for the new and the most effective ways to eliminate dental hyperesthesia using electrophoresis or galvanophoresis with copper hydroxide-calcium. Light-optical analysis of teeth revealed the density differences of precipitate of copper sulfide, indicating the differences between the intensity of impregnation of dentine using these two methods of copper hydroxide-calcium application for this purpose.

Introduction. Non-invasive methods of research of the human organism clinical conditions have been widely used in medicine as a diagnostic and prognostic test. Since the protein content of human urine is closely related to the peculiarity of the functioning of biological systems, its qualitative and quantitative characteristics are promising markers for control of various processes in organism. An important source of protein markers is the results of detailed proteomics (two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins followed by mass spectrometry) of human urine, depending on the disease. Recently, the protein of SRC8 (Sarc family protein kinase substrate or cortactin) was detected among 12 new proteins in urine protein analyzes in breast cancer patients. The aim of the study. To investigate the spectrum of cortactin isoforms in the urine of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and their diagnostic value as a potential molecular marker of its severity. Materials and methods. In a randomized pre-stratified method, 18 patients (women – 41.7 %, males – 58.3 %) of 54.8 ± 2.5 years old who were treated at Lviv Regional Hepatological Center based on the department of Internal Medicine №1 of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University and Gastroenterological Department of the Communal Nonprofit Enterprise of the Lviv Regional Council ″Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital″. The experimental group (EG) was formed of 12 patients (100.0 %) with LC of different etiology (6 people (50.0 %) – toxic-alimentary, 1 (8.3 %) – C-viral, 2 (16.7 %) – primary biliary, 2 (16.7 %) – toxic-alimentary + C-viral, 1 (8.3 %) – autoimmune + toxic-alimentary. The control group (CG) was formed of 10 practically healthy persons of the corresponding age and gender. Patients were provided with a comprehensive clinical-laboratory and instrumental examination of all organs and systems in accordance with the requirements of modern medicine. In addition, in all of the examined persons 10.0 ml of urine morning portion was taken, it was prepared according to the procedure, and subsequently the proteins with acetone were precipitated in a ratio of 1:6 and subjected to SDS-electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis using commercial monospecific anti-cortactin antibodies. Statistical processing of information was carried out using programs Microsoft Office Excel 2010 with the estimation of the authenticity of the revealed changes using the Student’s t-criterion (W. S. Gosett) (the difference was considered significant for p < 0.05) were done. Diagnostic sensitivity of the certain protein was determined by the diagnostic specificity, prognostic significance of positive results, prognostic significance of negative results, and diagnostic effectiveness of the parameter. Results. During the study of the spectrum of immunologically reactive proteins in urine specimens of 12 patients with LC it was found that 9 of 12 patients had polypeptide with a molecular weight of 64 kDa, 4 subjects – 52 kDa protein, 8 – 24 kDa protein. It also has been found that immunoglobulin-related cortactin polypeptides with a molecular weight of 98, 64 and 24 kDa were present in the CG – 9 out of 10 urine specimens of healthy people contained protein with molecular weight of 64 kDa, one – 24 kDa, one – 98 kDa. According to the comparative analysis of the results obtained, it can be argued that 24 kDa protein found in 8 patients with LC was observed only in one of 10 urine specimens of the controls; 64 kDa polypeptide – in 9 persons of EG and 9 controls; 98 kDa – in nobody from the EG and only in the urine of one patient of the CG; 52 kDa protein – in 4 persons of EG and in nobody from the controls. 52 kDa protein, found in individuals of the EG, was not detected in the urine of any patient from the CG. After analyzing the information on 4 patients in whose urine 52 kDa protein was identified, it was found that in all LC was at the stage of decompensation (class C according to the criteria of C. H. G. Child – R. N. Pugh), in connection with which it can be assumed that the appearance of this protein in urine may be associated with the LC severity increase. 24 kDa protein was significantly more commonly found in the EG (8 persons – 6 patients had LC at the stage of decompensation, class C according to the criteria of C. H. G. Child – R. N. Pugh, in two – at the stage of subcompensation, class B according to the criteria of C. G. Child – R. N. Pugh) than in the CG (1 person) (p = 0.0039). Conclusions. Investigation of protein content in urine using western blot analysis using commercial antibodies to human cortactin allowed the identification of various molecular forms of peptides that differ in patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology and healthy persons: the protein with the molecular weight of 52 kDa was present only in the urine of the experimental group patients, 24 kDa polopeptide was significantly (p = 0.0039) more likely common in the experimental than in the control group. The increase of the detection rate of 24.0 kDa proteins and the appearance of 52.0 kDa proteins in the urine may be associated with the appearance of the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis. However, the assessment of their diagnostic value needs the further research.

Unfair production and products that do not comply with the declared labeling are currently an acute problem in the field of technical regulation, including with regard to food safety and quality. Given the high added value and multicomponent composition, finished meat products are among the most susceptible to adulteration. Despite the best efforts of regulatory agencies to counteract these inconsistencies, the hidden substitution of cheaper or lower-grade meats is still widespread. One of the main tasks facing research laboratories and testing centers today is the detection of falsification of food products, as well as standardization and certification of techniques necessary to solve such problems. The manufacturer, aware of the current control methods, can go to the deception, using vegetable protein, new unregistered feed additives. To determine the complex changes that occur in products, it is necessary to use methodological approaches in which it is possible to reliably determine these changes. The paper presents an overview of the most commonly used methodologies for assessing the component composition of meat products. Quality assessment of meat products includes control of components of finished products. The most difficult task is to determine the proportion of muscle protein in multicomponent meat products that have undergone heat treatment.

Мета. Створити сорти пшениці м’якої ярої за використання вітчизняних та іноземних сортів, носіїв пшенично-житньої транслокації (ПЖТ). Методи. Польові, лабораторні, статистичні. Результати. Перспективним напрямом селекції, що дає змогу суттєво поліпшити генофонд пшениці м’якої ярої, є створення сортів із ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Представлено опис багаторічних селекційних досліджень, проведених у Миронівському інституті пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН України (МІП), щодо одержання сортів пшениці м’якої з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Як вихідний селекційний матеріал використовували сорти й лінії вітчизняної та іноземної селекції, зокрема сорт ‘ТАМ 107’ (США) із ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. У процесі виконання наукової селекційної програми створено сорти пшениці м’якої озимої ‘Експромт’ (1АL.1RS), м’якої ярої ‘Струна миронівська’ (1АL.1RS) та ‘МІП Соломія’ (1АL.1RS). Сорти ‘Струна миронівська’ та ‘МІП Соломія’, згідно з результатами аналізу спектра запасних білків, містять у своїх геномах ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. ‘МІП Соломія’ успадкував її від сорту пшениці м’якої ярої ‘Струна миронівська’. Новий сорт пшениці м’якої ярої ‘МІП Соломія’ характеризується високою врожайністю, адаптивністю, стійкістю проти борошнистої роси, фузаріозу колоса, твердої сажки, високими показниками якості зерна. Висновки. Шляхом багаторічних простих парних схрещувань іноземних сортів та вітчизняного селекційного матеріалу з використанням методу педігрі створено сорти пшениці м’якої з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Сорт пшениці м’якої ярої ‘МІП Соломія’, переданий у 2017 р. до Державного сортовипробування, характеризується високою врожайністю, стійкістю до вилягання, низьким відсотком ураженості грибними хворобами, стійкістю проти твердої сажки, адаптивністю. Наявність пшенично-житньої транслокації в сортів ярої пшениці миронівської селекції ‘Струна миронівська’ та ‘МІП Соломія’ підтверджено за допомогою аналізу спектра запасних білків за електрофорезу в поліакріламідному гелі.

The study is devoted to the choice of an optimal method for determining the ζ-potential of colloidal SiO2 particles. The electrokinetic potential was measured using two methods: (i) acoustic and electro-acoustic spectroscopy; (ii) horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis. Based on experimental and calculated data, an optimal method for measuring the ζ-potential of colloidal SiO2 particles was chosen.

Confectionery products possessing an adjusted chemical composition to increase the content of vitamins can serve as an additional their source in human diet. The purpose of the study is to assess the compliance of information on the content of vitamins in flour confectionery products and possible ways to increase their content. Wide ranges characterize the content of vitamins В1 and В2 in samples of flour confectionery products: the mass fraction of B1 in biscuits is 0.02–0.23 mg/100 g, B2 – 0.03–0.24 mg/100 g. In gingerbreads the mass fraction of B1 is 0.03–0.21 mg/100 g, B2 – 0.01–0.20 mg/100 g. The mass fraction of B1 in crackers is 0.02–0.18 mg/100 g, B2 – 0.00–0.07 mg/100 g. Information of the vitamins' content in flour confectionery products is not always reliable. Experimental data of the content of vitamins B1 and B2 in the vitaminized biscuit do not correspond to the data presented on the label. Thus, the actual vitamin B1 content in samples of vitaminized biscuits was 6.4 % and 5.0 % of the recommended daily intake (RDI), while the label indicated 21 % of the recommended daily allowance, the actual vitamin B2 content was 8.1 % and 4.4 % of the RDI, while the label indicated 14 %. The use of such raw components as fruit raw materials and dried dairy products allows increasing the content of vitamins B1 and B2 in flour confectionery. Content of B2 in dry milk is higher than in wheat flour more than in 20 times. It has been determined that content of vitamins B1 is 0.18–0.23 mg/100 g, B2 is 0.15–0.24 mg/100 g in the samples of sugar cookies with dairy products, which is up to 15 % of the average daily requirement of an adult in those vitamins.

The paper presents the studies on the autolytic transformations in pork and beef samples by proteomic methods. The changes in the protein fractions were analyzed by one-dimensional and two- dimensional electrophoresis with the following identification by mass-spectrometric methods. The changes in muscle proteins in the course of autolytic processes were found. For example, the intensity of the protein spots of pyruvate kinase, myosin light chains and adenylate kinase increased during autolysis. The fragments of myosin light chains appeared. The activity of the endogenous enzymes, such as calpain 3 and cathepsin D in the course autolysis was also studied. During the first 24 hours after animal slaughter, the activity of these enzymes reached the maximum level and then decreased. The results of the performed investigations confirmed that pork and beef have different rate of autolysis but similar proteomic changes.

Pain is the most common syndrome in rheumatology. NSAIDs are often used in its treatment. But they have limitations associated with side effects. An advantage of topical drugs and physical factors (electrophoresis, phonophoresis) combination is the use of low doses of the drug and a decrease in time, to achieve a therapeutic effect, reduce the risk of adverse reactions, increase the concentration of the drug in the inflammation focus, prolonged action (creating a drug depot in tissues). Ketoprofen gel (“Artrocol gel”) is one of the representatives of this pharmacological group. Physicochemical properties help ketoprofen to penetrate easily through the skin and create a therapeutic concentration in the underlying tissues. Objective. To assess the effectiveness of ketoprofen gel (“Arthrocol gel”) electrophonophoresis in the treatment of pain in rheumatological patients. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of Physiotherapy Department of Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Hospital named after M. I. Pirogov. All patients treated according to the unified clinical protocols were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Patients of EG (98 persons) underwent electrophonophoresis with ketoprofen gel once a day for a week. In CG (43 persons) ketoprofen gel was used without electrophonophoresis. The intensity of the pain syndrome is monitored using a visual analog scale (VAS) of Huskisson at rest and during movement. A week later, the patient and the doctor evaluated satisfaction with the results of treatment on the scale: not effective, insufficient, satisfactory, good, excellent. Results. There was a persistent decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome in patients of both groups. The VAS scores were lower in the EG starting from the 3rd day of treatment. The intensity of the acute pain syndrome after 1-week treatment at rest (t = 4.71, p < 0.001) and during the movement (t = 3.84, p < 0.001) more decrease in EG. Satisfaction with the results of treatment was higher in EG.

Objective of the study is to evaluate the serological activity of rabies virus antigens isolated from the brain tissue of mice by homogenization on FastPrep followed by ultracentrifugation. Materials and methods. Producer strain of the rabies virus “Ovechiy” GNKI. The rabies virus was isolated from the brain tissue of experimentally infected mice, followed by the study of the electrophoretic profile. The serological activity of the virus components was assessed by immunoblot and ELISA using specific anti-rabies sera.Results and conclusions. In the course of comparing the methods of isolation and purification of the rabies virus antigen, it was found that most optimal one is to use a homogenization on FastPrep-24, followed by fractionation in a sucrose gradient. As a result of fractionation in a graded sucrose density gradient with a concentration of 15–50 % at 25000 g for 120 min, five fractions of the rabies virus components were obtained. The maximum purified protein fraction was from 15–20 % sucrose zone, which corresponded to a molecular weight of 67 kDa. The specific antigen activity of the fraction in ELISA reached up the titers of 1:1280 (Specificity coefficient 2.2). Using immunoblot of antigens, obtained from the sucrose gradient in the range of 40–45 % and 20–35 % after ultracentrifugation, one major fraction of polypeptides (54 kDa) was detected, which showed the highest antigenic activity. The results obtained will be useful in the design of test systems for rabies screening and monitoring the effectiveness of anti-epizootic measures.

Blood serum biotesting in children of 9-14 years old with idiopathic scoliosis of I-II level (according to V.D. Chaklin) revealed neurohumoral background change in comparison with age-related standard. Treatment regiment of this disease included magneto impulse therapy with field induction up to 1,5 Tl or/and electrophoresis. Repeated testing displayed that isolated magneto impulse influence evokes neuro-peptide regulation normalization under the most positive clinical effect.

The article is devoted to develop of an approach for the identification of new stimulator of ematopoiesis, EPO-Fc fusion protein, which is banned by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) to use by athletes since it has become doping. Existing methods of qualitative determination of this substances in routine practice of antidoping laboratories such as polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS-PAGE) or lauroylsarcosinate (SARPAGE) are insufficiently specific. The article shows the principal possibility of identification of EPO-Fc fusion protein by means of IEF-PAGE in carrier ampholyte-based gels with a pH range 2-6 after Fc-fragment removal via fermentative hydrolysis.It has been shown that the removing of the crystallizable fragment leads to decrease of molecular weight of whole hybrid molecule and to increase its electrophoretic mobility that allows to detect this banned substances with high specificity by existing methods. During the study the enzyme for hydrolytic cleavage and optimum conditions of hydrolysis of EPO-Fc in serum samples were selected.

Background. Recently, special attention has been paid to the chemistry of biomedical polymers, whose tasks are to solve the problems of chemical modification of natural and synthetic polymers, the synthesis of new polymers for use in pharmacology. Selection of the polymer carrier can be directed to regulate the properties of polymeric drug systems. Purpose. The aim of the work is to find the optimal conditions for obtaining water-soluble polypeptides with high molecular weight with the highest yield and to determine their pharmacological effects on animal conditions. Methodology. The course of the reactions was investigated by potentiometric titration, microscopy, and electrophoresis. Evaluation of the biological effects on animals was carried out by established tests. Originaliti. An analytical approach to the hydrolysis reaction of the silkworm cocoon with caustic alkali solutions was applied and the pharmacological properties of the obtained polypeptides were established. Findings. Optimal process conditions were found for obtaining water-soluble polypeptides with the highest yield by hydrolysis of cocoon with alkali solutions. Mathematically static analysis shows the influence of the nature of alkali on the process under study. It was established that the obtained polypeptides belong to the V class of practically nontoxic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Protein is the main biochemical component of soybean seeds. Soybean is one of crops cultivated in the world that have high protein content. According to various authors, the seeds of this culture can accumulate an average of 38-42% protein with a variation of this indicator from 30 to 50%. Soy is not only a source of protein, but also oil, the content of which in the seeds ranges from 16 to 27%. Low carbohydrate content is typical for soy plant. The soybean protein has a balanced ratio of essential amino acids and is equal to the protein of eggs and meat. Purpose. The goal of the present research is to recommend to breeders the promising soy varieties cultivated in Uzbekistan basing on quantitative content and characterization of proteins. Methodology. The soybean seeds were defatted with acetone and ether at low temperature. The total protein was isolated from the defatted soy flour (powder) by alkaline extraction. The comparative quantitative protein content was determined by the spectrophotometric method of Kalkar. Electrophoresis in a 10% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of marker proteins was performed to determine the molecular weight of the subunits for proteins isolated from the new soybean varieties. IR spectral analysis of proteins from the studied soybean varieties was carried out to compare the absorption in the spectral region of 1650 cm-1. Originality. Data on the quantitative content of protein in 10 new breeding varieties of soybeans created in the Tashkent Scientific Experimental Station of Rice, Grain and Bean Crops were obtained for the first time. Findings. The quantitative determination of protein by the spectrophotometric method of Kalkar was carried out in new soybean varieties. Three varieties were high-protein, contained in their composition more than 30% of protein. Electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of protein markers provided a comparative fractional composition of proteins of the studied soybean varieties. It was shown that high- protein soybean varieties have a lower content of low molecular weight proteins. The slight discrepancy was observed in the region of oscillation of 1650 cm-1 in comparative study of IR spectra of contrasting varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of autolytic processes impact on the protein-peptide profile of Bos taurus and Sus scrofa cardiac muscle and aorta. The results of tissue-specific protein identification are also presented as well as the effect of autolysis. Apolipoprotein A-1 involved in the formation of high-density lipoproteins, peroxiredoxin-1 involved in the suppression of oxidative stress, galectin-1 induced apoptosis of T-lymphocytes, as well as number of heat shock proteins with molecular weight less than 30 kDa were identified in Sus scrofa aorta tissue. It was discovered that functional proteins with molecular weight less than 30 kDa are retained during the freezing process, but destroyed under the action of autolytic enzymes. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 16–16–10073).

To address a number of fundamental and applied problems in immunology, molecular and cellular biology and biotechnology it is necessary to obtain Fc-fragments of immunoglobulins. Fc-fragments may be used for studying of the effector functions of antibodies which are mediated by these areas. They are often used as an immunogen to produce anti-specie (based on so-called secondary antibody) conjugate in the development of serological tests for diagnostics (predominantly such conjugate based on monoclonal antibodies). The work is aimed to develop improved methods of obtaining and allocation of Fc-fragments of human IgA. To achieve this objective, optimization of hydrolysis of IgA with subsequent purification of Fс-fragments have been carried out. Improved method of obtaining Fc-fragments of IgA provides: papain hydrolysis of immunoglobulin in the environment of nitrogen for 4 h, allowing to achieve maximum output of Fc-fragments without their further degradation: isolation and purification of Fc-fragments of human IgA by one-stage gel filtration on sephadex G-100; control of purity of the target product by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at the optimal temperature of papain (37 °C). As the oxygen in the air may have inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, the reaction mixture was incubated in the nitrogen atmosphere to prevent inactivation of papain. To reduce the incident degradation of immunoglobulin molecules, papain hydrolysis was carried out without using an enzyme activator (cysteine). Usage of the proposed scheme allows obtaining Fc-fragments of human IgA of high purity. Outcome of Fc-fragments after all stages of purification was about 18% of the initial amount of IgA in the preparation. Molecular weight from Fc-fragments of human IgA was equal to approximately 70 kDa.

The paper presents an overview of studies of genetic polymorphism of loci determining bread-making quality among Ukrainian wheat varieties by means of electrophoretic analysis of storage proteins (Gli and Glu) and PCR. The results of analysis of polymorphism in the Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Glu-A3 loci, as well as the allelic compositions of the Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 genes, determining grain hardness, and Wx genes, controlling amylose content in the starch of the endosperm, are presented. Comparison of the results obtained with allele-specific primers to the γ gliadin loci and by storage protein electrophoresis shows that the former method can identify some alleles, but the level of polymorphism revealed by this method is lower than that revealed by electrophoresis of storage proteins. Most of the varieties under consideration have PCR alleles characteristic for hard wheat, and only three varieties have alleles specific for soft wheat. Varieties originating from different Ukrainian breeding-centers differ in grain hardness. PCR analysis has not revealed the presence of null alleles of Wx genes in the studied Ukrainian genetic pool but allowed selection of breeding material for further development of low-amylose varieties.

The program of mathematical processing of the electrophoregramm of protein strips is suggested. It is intended for definition of weight of proteins in a researched sample and has the purpose to automatically establish coordinates of the maximal concentration of proteins in investigated strips and to calculate the area under their peak using the algorithm of integration with an adaptive choice of a step, after reading the scanned strip of electrophoresis with expansion (.pcx) and processing of the received digital matrix.

The desiccation tolerant cyanobacterium Lyngbya arboricola, isolated from bark surfaces of Mangifera indica, possessed up to four stable isoforms of catalase in addition to other antioxidative enzymes, for several years under a dry state. Purification of the two most persistent isoforms of catalase (Cat) has been undertaken by employing acetone precipitation, ethanol: chloroform treatment, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The two isoforms of catalase remained almost unchanged on varying matric and osmotic hydration levels of mats of the cyanobacterium. The purification procedures resulted in a 1.3 % yield of purified single isoform (0.22 mg mL-1 protein) with 709 Units mg-1 specific activity and a purity index of 0.83. Five millimolar of dithiothreitol (DTT) was observed to be pertinent in maintaining the optimum redox state of the enzyme. The purification procedures additionally facilitated the simultaneous elimination and procurement of phycoerythrins (PE) and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA). Each purified isoform gave a single band (~45kDa) upon SDS-PAGE and denaturing urea isoelectric focusing (IEF) depicted the presence of 2 subunits each of CatA and CatB. The monoisotopic mass and pI value of CatA and CatB as revealed by LC-MS analysis and internal amino acid sequencing was 78.96, 5.89 and 80.77, 5.92, respectively, showing resemblance with CatA of Erysiphe graminis subs. hordei and CatB of Ajellomyces capsulata. The heterotetrameric monofunctional catalase (~320 kDa), due to its stability in the form of resistance to ethanol: chloroform, its thermoalkaliphilic nature and the presence of innumerable hydrophobic amino acid residues (~40%), thus exhibited its potential for biotechnological applications.

The present study was aimed to produce the isoperoxidase and protein marker for the maize cultivars from India and to find the isoperoxidase and protein expression on the various developmental stages. The leaf samples of Zea mays L. were harvested on 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd and 27th d for electrophoretic analysis of isoperoxidase and protein. The total protein and isoperoxidase were isolated using the standard procedure described by Sadasivam and Manickam. Isozyme and protein separation was carried out using 10% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The banding pattern suggested several similarities as well as presence of unique isoperoxidase and protein in each stage. These studies will be useful for the identification of the major proteins present at different developmental stages of Z. mays.

For quantitative analysis of high resolution gel electrophoresis data it is necessary to consider the position effect, i. e. the dependence of each band intensity on its position on the gel. The relative cleavage rates of DNA phosphodiester bonds in all 16 possible steps (calculated using quantitative data on electrophoretic patterns of DNA fragments cleavage) were estimated using two methods: a) Linearly Weighted Moving Average; b) polyno-mial built by the least-square method. The values obtained for cleavage rates for different dinucleotides were simi-lar regardless of particular method.

The purpose of this experiment was to study the discriminatory capacity and other functional parameters of varying agarose gel concentrations, and to create a documented classification according to concentration and ability to separate DNA fragments of various sizes with analytical efficiency. The experiment utilized agarose-TBE gels at concentrations of 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% and 3.5%. Electrophoresis was performed using randomly selected amplicons from fungal PCR reactions and a molecular marker (100-bp DNA ladder). Each electrophoresis was normalized to the migrating first loading buffer dye, bromophenol blue, reaching the bottom of the gel. The gels were photographed and widely available computer software tools (Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word) were utilized to compile mobility - band size standard curves for each gel and resulted in charts indicating the alteration of electrophoretic properties in correlation with concentration. Specifically, the co-migration of DNA ladder bands and the loading buffer dyes was examined, and the Discriminatory Power, the Resolution Spectrum, and other correlated measurements and parameters were defined, calculated for each gel, and plotted for the whole gel range. Based on the results, we suggest the use of varying gel concentrations, according to the application sought and the prospective, expected or known fragment size to undergo electrophoresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]