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The research was conducted with participation of the perlite production workers with professional eczema (165 people in the main group and 152 from the control group without skin pathology). The effectiveness of the use of a specialized prophylactic food in the diet of workers was assessed on the basis of the study of the dynamics of the indicators of nutritional and clinical status. Inclusion of kissel, containing pectin, vitamin A (300% from RDA), vitamin E and zinc (40% from RDA), biologically active substances of plant origin in the diet of the examined against the background of the course of complex therapy, has resulted in a positive influence on individual laboratory values, demonstrating the optimization of metabolic processes, which characterize the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Thus, the concentration of ascorbic acid in blood serum statistically significant (p<0.05) increased by 30.0%, tocopherol - by 36.3%, carotenoids - by 27.3%, phosphorus - by 28.9%, calcium level elevated by 16.3% (p<0.10). There was a decrease in the level of MDA in blood serum by 12.3% (p<0.05) and an increase in catalase activity by 12.2% (p>0.05). There was a tendency to reduce itching, infiltration, erythematous and eczematous manifestations of the disease. The data obtained make it possible to consider the use of a specialized food product of dietary preventive nutrition by workers in pearlite production as a mean to enhance the body's adaptive reserves and to prevent the occurrence, progression and development of occupational skin diseases (eczema) in the workplace., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Objective: to study the evolution of the oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis indices in patients with eczema using various methods of treating dermatosis. The study involved 63 patients with eczema (34 - males, 28 - females), aged 18-67 years, who were determined indices of pro- and antioxidant systems of blood. Patients with eczema were divided into 3 groups that were prescribed different treatments: the first comparative group (21 patients) - received a standard therapy; the second comparative group (20 patients) - had a standard therapy and additionally an antioxidant preparation "Mexidol", the third (basic group) - 22 patients, who were prescribed a complex therapy with a combination of two drugs with antioxidant effect: "Mexidol" and "Galavit." It was established that multimodality therapy for eczema while using two drugs with antioxidant action ("Mexidol", "Galavit") contributes to the most significant positive dynamics and normalization of the studied parameters of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis of patients compared to a standard therapy of dermatosis or its combination with antioxidant preparation "Mexidol".

Characteristics of haemogramme were studied in 28 patients with eczema, 25 patients with neurodermatitis disseminata, 38 patients with cutaneous form of psoriasis, in whom dermatosis was manifested by extensive skin involvement. Statistical data on relative and absolute values for the groups studied confirm the rise in the numbers of monocytes, eosinophiles, lymphocytes and segmentonuclear neutrophils in the peripheral blood, this being most characteristic abnormality in the haemogramme, which was particularly noticeable in patients with clinically apparent acuity of cutaneous manifestations, universal or erythrodermic type of its affliction, lingering exacerbation state. Current knowledge about hemopoiesis and pathogenesis of the above dermatoses allow the changes being detected in the haemogramme to be considered secondary to chronic unspecific inflammation developing in the skin, being characterized, from the immunological standpoint, in a general sense, by T-cellular (tissue) immunodeficiency.

A study of histamine, serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration in the blood and the content of DNA, RNA, glycogen and acid phosphatase revealed a relationship between the cellular immunity and neurohumoral changes in eczema patients. This enables to disclose in detail the mechanism of slow allergic reactions.

Basing on literature and original data, the authors investigated mechanisms operating in coagulating and anticoagulant systems in patients with severe chronic dermatoses (eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) as well as interaction of the above systems. The general trend in prothrombin index, plasma recalcification time, fibrinogen in the period of active clinical symptoms in relevant dermatosis confirm the existence of hypercoagulant processes. A simultaneous rise in blood tolerance to heparin, in the total content of GAG and their sulfated and nonsulfated fractions may be resultant from increased anticoagulant blood properties. The analysis of coagulative indices and GAG levels in clinical remission showed minimal trends to normalization thereof, this being an indication of remaining tissue inflammation. High GAG levels are thought an essential pathogenetic issue responsible for persistence of hemostatic disorders and abnormalities in microcirculation due to elevated blood viscosity.

A total of 102 patients were examined, 32 of these with true eczema, 38 with exudative mycosis of the soles, and 32 with eczema etiologically related to a fungal infection. Analysis of the immune and biochemical reactions in the examinees has shown a marked reduction of adenyl nucleotides in the leukocytic suspension and neutrophils of patients with a mycotic infection as against those with true eczema. The lowest creatine phosphate levels were detected in the leukocytic suspension and neutrophils of the patients suffering from eczema etiologically related to mycosis and exudative mycosis of the soles. These results give grounds to search for effective corrective therapy.

Studies of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in 67 patients with true eczema have revealed a drastic intensification of this process, manifested by an increased level of malonic dialdehyde and elevated chemiluminescence values paralleled by reduced content of endogenous antioxidants. A tendency to a rise of the studied parameters was detected in the patients with chronic eczema during remissions. The findings point to a contribution of LPO processes to the pathogenesis of true eczema.

The detected enhancement of lipid peroxidation processes in patients with acute eczema calls for administration of emoxipin, a Soviet synthetic antioxidant, characterized by a wide pharmacologic spectrum. Emoxipin therapy of 39 patients with acute eczema resulted in clinical remission and a considerable improvement of the skin process, parallelled by normalization of lipid peroxidation processes and reduction of the treatment duration.

A drastic increase (by 30.6 times) vs. the norm) of kallikrein activity was revealed in 70 patients with true eczema during exacerbation; blood plasma amidase activity was elevated 4.4-fold, serum alpha 2 macroglobulin antiprotease activity 1.4-fold. Laser photophoresis combined with application of a new Soviet nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent orthofen reduced the parameters of the kallikrein-kinin system, and a tendency to their normalization could be observed.

Blood plasma and red-cell neutral lipid spectrum and red-cell phospholipid spectrum were examined in patients with eczema and psoriasis who abused and did not abuse alcohol. Time course of these parameters was studied in guinea pigs in various periods of chronic alcoholization. Chronic alcoholization was found to be associated with manifest lipid metabolism disorders, the most characteristic shifts being evaluated membrane concentration of free cholesterol and increased level of lisophosphatidylcholin, a membranotoxic agent, as well as reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acid level in phospholipids; these factors may aggravate the course of allergic dermatoses and psoriasis.

The hormonal and immune status was investigated by a radioimmunoassay in 105 patients with dermatosis (55 female and 50 male patients aged 15 to 80): 51 suffered from eczema, 41--from psoriasis, and 13--from neurodermatitis. The results were compared with those of 32 controls. Serum concentrations of T3, T4, TSH, insulin, trypsin, C-peptide, cortisol, and IgE were investigated. Disorders of the hormonal and immune status were noted in the examinees with relation to sex, type of disease, season, time-period and extent of disease.

A study of patients with real and microbial eczema showed a direct relation between blood pH, partial pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood and excess of bases and an inverse relation between these values and partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide. A marked inverse relationship was found between the concentration of histamine, serotonin, immunoglobulin G, local autohemolysis and extension of the eczematous process on the one hand and blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen, blood oxygen saturation, excess of bases on the other. The revealed changes give the possibility to design an assumed scheme of development of the eczematous process.