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Background: Endotracheal intubation is one of the basic methods for airway control during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the era of the prevailing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, medical personnel may face a necessity of resuscitating aninfected patient. Objective: The objective was to compare three intubation methods for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 adult patient resuscitation performed by paramedics wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures (AGP). Material and Methods: The multicentre, single-blind, prospective, randomized, crossover simulation trial involved 32 paramedics. The participants wearing PPE AGP performed tracheal intubations with the Macintosh, Airtraq, and McGrath MAC laryngoscopes in a patient with suspected COVID-19 in two resuscitation scenarios: scenario A – without chest compressions; scenario B – with continuous chest compressions. The primary outcome was time to intubation. Results: In scenario A, the intubation time for the respective devices equalled 35 s (IQR: 29–46) vs. 44s (IQR: 35–67) vs. 49 (IQR: 34–72) (p = 0.003). The total efficacy of each intubation method was 100%; however, the efficacy of the first intubation attempt was highest for McGrath MAC (90.6%), followed by Macintosh (68.1%) and Airtraq 62.5%) (p

The authors consider the checkability issues of FPGA designs and analyze the logical (structural and structurally functional) checkability. The paper describes the features of safety-related systems that can operate in normal and emergency mode. In these modes different input data are fed to the inputs of the digital circuits of the components, which leads to an expansion of the structurally functional checkability to dual-mode. The paper shows the problem of hidden faults, which can accumulate in the normal mode and manifest themselves in the emergency mode. The features of checkability of circuits in FPGA projects and its advantages important for critical applications are noted. The limitations of the logical checkability of the circuits are analyzed, as well as the possibility and expediency of expanding the traditionally used logical form to power usage checkability. The study defines the checkability of circuits in FPGA projects by power usage and determines its subtypes — lower and upper checkability. Lower checkability is important in identifying faults that lead to lower power usage, for example, in chains of common signals, such as reset or synchronization. The upper one is important for identifying faults that increase the level of power usage, for example, short-circuits. The authors identify the possibility of assessing the power usage checkability of FPGA projects in terms of the power dissipation or power consumption and indicate the possibility of developing upper checkability by the dissipated power. The features of power dissipation monitoring for FPGA projects are noted. An analytical assessment for the checkability of circuits for short-circuit faults, which increase the dissipated power, and the organization of monitoring its excess are proposed. Experiments in Quartus Prime Lite CAD to assess upper checkability by power dissipation of scalable shift register circuits, that are implemented in FPGA projects, based on default IP-Core and a custom VHDL description, are carried out. The paper presents experimental results, that estimate the dependence of the checkability level on the area, occupied by the circuit on the FPGA chip.

The use of computer systems like safety-related systems to ensure the functional safety of high-risk objects has raised them in the development of resources to the level of diversification. At the same time, the digital components, traditionally designed on the basis of array structures, remained at the lower level of a replication of resources. This discrepancy has created a problem of the hidden faults that can be accumulated in digital components during a prolonged normal mode and reduce their fault tolerance and system functional safety in the most critical emergency mode. Bitwise pipelines related to the level of resource diversification allow solving the problem of the hidden faults, but they are compelled to compete with the array structures, for which a powerful supporting infrastructure has been created for many decades. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the efficiency of FPGA-basedbitwise pipelines and matrix structures. Studies have shown that bitwise pipelines exhibit high efficiency exceeding that of the matrix structures in terms of both performance and energy consumption, even when designing a matrix orientation on CAD. Since such orientation reduces the advantages of bitwise pipelines, a method is proposed to increase their efficiency, which improves their throughput and energy consumption, whilemaking a cеrtain concessionsto the matrix orientation of CAD. Thiswould beparticularly importantduring the transitional period, while the traditions of matrix domination are to be overcome and the of bitwise pipeline computing is to be formed.

We propose an adaptive method for building a multivariate regression given by a weighted linear convolution of known scalar functions of deterministic input variables with unknown coefficients. As, for example, when multivariate regression is given by a multivariate polynomial. In contrast to the general procedure of the least squares method that minimizes only a single scalar quantitative measure, the adaptive method uses six different quantitative measures and represents a systemically connected set of different algorithms which allow each applied problem to be solved on their basis by an individual adaptive algorithm that, in the case of an active experiment, even for a relatively small volume of experimental data, implements a strategy of a statistically justified solving. The small amount of data of the active experiment we use in the sense that, for such an amount, the variances of estimates of unknown coefficients obtained by the general procedure of the least squares method do not allow to guarantee the accuracy acceptable for practice. We also proposed to significantly increase the efficiency of the proposed by O. A. Pavlov. and M. M. Holovchenko modified group method of data handling for building a multivariate regression which is linear with respect to unknown coefficients and given by a redundant representation. We improve it by including some criteria and algorithms of the adaptive method for building a multivariate regression. For the multivariate polynomial regression problem, the inclusion of a partial case of the new version of the modified group method of data handling in the synthetic method proposed by O. A. Pavlov, M. M. Golovchenko, and V. V. Drozd, for building a multivariate polynomial regression given by a redundant representation, also significantly increases its efficiency.

Methods for dose estimation of 137Cs in mouse-like rodents, specifically bank voles (Myodes glareolus), commonly found within the research sites in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, are being proposed. The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends using the specially developed "BiotaDC" software, but it needs to be adapted to solve specific applied issues. It is shown that the "BiotaDC" approach adequately describes dose accumulation of 137Cs for external exposure inside nest chambers if the mean integral value of soil activity concentration at a depth of 0.5 m is used, for external exposure above soil – if the mean integral value of soil activity concentration at a depth of 0.2 m is used. However, the authors propose a method considering the age of animals at the time of capture and the age-related dynamics of changes in such parameters as excretion and accumulation of radioisotopes for internal dose estimation using the "BiotaDC" software. A detailed dose estimation algorithm is being proposed. Dose estimates for internal irradiation according to the authors' method and the method of the International Commission on Radiological Protection are being compared.

This paper introduces a methodology based on machine learning and remote sensing for detecting military-induced damages to agricultural lands in Ukraine using free Sentinel-2 satellite data. The most informative spectral bands (B2, B3) and vegetation indices (NDVI, GCI) were experimentally selected for recognizing damaged fields through the Random Forest classification algorithm. Additionally, an anomaly detection method based on the estimation of deviations of pixel values from the mean within each field was applied to determine local damage in the identified affected fields. The proposed methodology demonstrated high classification accuracy with an f1-score of 0.87%, producer’s accuracy of 0.89%, user’s accuracy of 0.85, and sensitivity for detecting local damage. The developed anomaly detection method allows to recognize damage visible on the 10-meter pixel of the Sentinel-2 satellite, but does not identify small craters. Cloudiness of satellite images can significantly impair the accuracy of damage detection, and the method of local damage detection can respond to non-military anomalies and requires careful selection of threshold coefficients for each field. The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of damages inflicted on Ukrainian agricultural fields during the period 2022-2023, revealing that a total of 1,544,952 hectares, equivalent to 5.72% of the total agricultural area, experienced damage. This included 509,107 ha of wheat, 114,302 ha of sunflower, 68,830 ha of maize, 4,029 ha of rapeseed, and 16,561 ha of other crops. The most affected regions were Donetsk, Zaporizhia, and Kherson oblasts. The comprehensive findings of this research provide valuable insights for monitoring the state of agriculture and formulating strategic plans for the recovery of agricultural resources amidst the ongoing military conflict.

Purpose of the study: to study the dynamics of developing herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan during COVID-19. Materials and methods. The work was carried out using the methodology for assessing population immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) as well as the Ministry of Health (Kypgyzstan) and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The selection of participants was carried out by questionnaire using a cloud (Internet server) service. To monitor population immunity, a cohort of 2421 subjects was formed, who participated in all stages of seromonitoring. Volunteers were randomized according to age groups (1–17, 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70+ years), regional and professional factors. Antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S-glycoprotein were determined by qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was carried out in 3 stages according to a single scheme: 1st stage — 06/28–07/03/2021, 2nd — 21–25/02/2022 and 3rd — 31/10–04/11/2022. Since 2021, Kyrgyzstan has been vaccinating the population against SARS-CoV-2 mainly using inactivated whole-virion vaccines. Results. Population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was predominantly accounted for by both Ab types (Nc+RBD+). By the 3rd stage, the percentage of such persons reached 99.2%, Nc–RBD– volunteers — up to 0.8%. At the 1st stage, middle-aged people dominated, but age differences were leveled out by the 2nd stage. The greatest impact on seroprevalence was found among medical workers, the smallest — among businessmen and industrial workers. Populational vaccination significantly impacted on the state of herd immunity that reached 25% by the 3rd stage. The refusals of the population in Kyrgyz Republic from vaccination noted at the 2nd and especially 3rd stages did not significantly affect level of herd immunity, which could probably be associated with asymptomatic cases of COVID-19, against which primary vaccination had a booster effect. Conclusion. The dynamics of population humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 included a number of changes in the level of circulating antibodies (Nc, RBD), caused by both primary infection and vaccination. The herd immunity formed in population of Kyrgyzstan allowed to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to almost sporadic level.

Background. The course of the COVID-19 epidemic process depends on population immunity which prevents pathogen spread. Aim: to study an evolution of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in the Belarusian population rela- tive to COVID-19 pandemic dynamics. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to a methodology for assessing herd immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) and the Belarusian Ministry of Health involving the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (SPPI) by taking into account the WHO recommendations. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the SPPI Bioethics Committee. Participant selection was carried out by ques- tionnaire using a cloud (internet server) service. To monitor herd immunity, a cohort of 4661 subjects (involved at all stages of seromonitoring) was formed from the total volunteer group. Study subjects were randomized into groups based on age (117, 1829, 3039, 4049, 5059, 6069, 70+ years), geographic region, and occupation. For the detection of antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and S glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD), rel- evant assay systems were used according to the manufacturers instructions. A four-stage study was conducted according to a unified scheme. Results. At stage 1 (pandemic month 15), herd immunity was mainly accounted for by Nc+RBD+ Ab status alone. By stage 2 (4 months later), its specific proportion decreased by 1.2-fold, whereas percentage of subjects solely bearing RBD-specific Abs increased by 1.7-fold. At stages 3 and 4 (9 and 19 months after the onset) vs. stage 2, percent- age of subjects with RBD+Nc decreased by 3.5%; the proportion of persons with Nc+RBD Abs increased by 1.5-fold. The most important contributor in herd immunity turned out to be due to population vaccination, with coverage reaching 70% by stage 4. Among vaccines, compared with whole-virion, inactivated BIBP-CorV vaccine the Sputnik V and Sputnik Light vector were used most often. Conclusion. The evolution of herd SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity included a series of changes in circulating Ab levels (Nc, RBD). The hybrid immunity formed helped to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to sporadic level.

Протягом останніх років автори в своїх публікаціях паралельно розвивали два різних підходи до побудови багатовимірних поліноміальних, зокрема, лінійних регресій, заданих надлишковим описом. Перший підхід дозволяв знаходження оцінок коефіцієнтів при нелінійних членах багатовимірної поліноміальної регресії зводити до побудови послідовності одновимірних поліноміальних регресій та розв’язання відповідних невироджених систем лінійних рівнянь. Другий підхід був реалізований на прикладі багатовимірної лінійної регресії, заданої надлишковим описом, і привів до створення методу, названого авторами модифікованим методом групового урахування аргументів (МГУА), так як він є модифікацією широко відомого методу евристичної самоорганізації МГУА (автор МГУА – академік НАН України О. Г. Івахненко). Модифікація полягає в тому, що завдання багатовимірної лінійної регресії надлишковим описом дозволяє для побудови множини часткових описів, один з яких має структуру шуканої регресії, використовувати не багаторівневий селекційний алгоритм, а ефективний алгоритм розбиття коефіцієнтів багатовимірної лінійної регресії на два класи. Як і в класичному МГУА, розв’язок знаходиться за допомогою перевірочної послідовності даних. Цей метод легко поширюється на випадок багатовимірної поліноміальної регресії, так як невідомі коефіцієнти в багатовимірну поліноміальну регресію входять лінійно. Кожен з двох підходів має свої переваги і недоліки. Очевидним наступним кроком є поєднання обох підходів в один. Це призвело до створення синтетичного методу, який реалізує переваги обох підходів, частково компенсуючи їх недоліки. В цій роботі наведена агрегована алгоритмічна структура синтетичного методу, теоретичні властивості часткових випадків і, як наслідок, обґрунтування його ефективності в цілому.

C1 inhibitor of serine proteases (C1-INH) performs a regulatory function in the complement system and vascular permeability. Deficiency of C1-INH leads to various forms of angioedema, including hereditary angioedema (HAE). The cause of HAE is a genetically determined violation of the synthesis of C1-INH. A decrease in the level of C1-INH to 50% relative to the norm leads to an increase in the production of bradykinin, which is the basis for the diagnosis of HAE. The development of affordable ELISA for the quantitative determination of C1-INH is a popular direction for clinicians. During the development of a new kit for quantitative determination of C1-INH, two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with different epitope specificities were obtained. On their basis, a sandwich-type ELISA was developed. The specificity of the obtained mAb's was confirmed using the medical device “Berinert”. To prepare calibrators, C1-INH was affinity purified from human blood plasma using a sorbent with immobilized mAbs. The identity of the C1-INH protein was confirmed by PAGE electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry on MALDI-TOF/TOF UltrafleXtreme mass spectrometer. To assess the quality indicators of developed reagents kit, studies were carried out in accordance with GOST R 51352-2013 and TU 21.20.23-041-01967164-2022. Values of quality indicators: accuracy — 93.53%; measurement linearity interval — 22.00-176.07 ng/mL. Using the developed ELISA test system, we examined 28 blood sera from healthy donors and 7 blood sera from patients with confirmed HAE. In the same samples, the content of C1-INH was determined by turbidimetric method, using the "Diagnostic reagents for in vitro immunochemical studies of specific blood proteins. Model: C1-esterase inhibitor (C1 EsteraseInhibitor)" (Aptec, Belgium). The correlation coefficient was 0.94 (p < 0.05). It was found that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the developed ELISA is 100%. As a result of the study, an original ELISA test system for the quantitative determination of C1-INH was developed "Reagent kit for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human C1-inhibitor (C1-inh PS)".

The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic over the past three years has caused close attention to the problem of herd immunity, which is understood as: "resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population or herd". Collective immunity is formed both as a result of infection (natural spread of the pathogen in a population of susceptible individuals) and as a result of the use of specific vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, both mechanisms for the formation of collective immunity were realized. In the first wave, there was a natural formation of collective immunity to the virus following recoveries from COVID-19 caused by pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2. Starting from December 2020, the widespread use of specific vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 began in the USA, Great Britain, China, Russia, and a number of other countries. This launched the process of post-vaccination collective immunity formation; its features have depended on the vaccine types implemented. Currently, in those countries where vaccination and revaccination of recovered patients is widely carried out, immunity is "hybrid" in nature. Several commonalities should be noted in the pandemic experience: a somewhat regular, periodic (wavelike) nature of the COVID-19 epidemic process; changes in pathogen genetics in variants in all countries; and expansive mass vaccination programs in many populations. From these, we can draw some conclusions about the general trend for all countries in the formation of collective immunity during the pandemic: At the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, overall population seroprevalence did not exceed 20%. Other findings were: the highest seroprevalence rates were noted in the children's age group; pronounced regional differences were revealed; and the highest indicators were noted among medical workers. Collective immunity developed as a result of infection or illness, and in the majority of seropositive volunteers, it was represented by antibodies to both antigens. At the height of the pandemic in the summer of 2021, population seroprevalence reached 50%. This was due to both a significant number of convalescents and the start of mass vaccination campaigns. In all countries, specific differences in seroprevalence (by age, region, profession) leveled out, leading to more uniformity. During this period, the formation of "hybrid" immunity is clearly prominent, and the proportion of individuals with antibodies to RBD alone increased (due to vaccination with vector vaccines). Later, mass vaccination, as well as involvement of most of the population in the epidemic process due to the emergence of the highly contagious Omicron strain, raised the level of collective immunity to 80-90%. This led to a sharp decrease in COVID-19 incidence in the second half of 2022 in all countries participating in the study. In the later stages of the pandemic (2022-2023), almost 90% of seropositive volunteers had hybrid immunity, reflected as antibodies to both antigens (Nc, RBD).

Despite all efforts of the world community, the COVID-19 pandemic remains one of the main epidemiological challenges of our time. Even with its widespread distribution, the infection may have certain local features due to social, geographic, and climatic factors. Objective: to study collective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Republic of Tajikistan.A cross-sectional, randomized study of herd immunity was carried out according to a program developed by Rospotrebnadzor and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The ethics committees of the corresponding entities approved the study: Tajik Ministry of Health and Social Protection; and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (Russia). Based on questionnaire results, 4,022 people were selected, representing 0.15% (95% CI: 0.14-0.15) of the total population randomized by age and region. In subsequent laboratory analysis, 3682 people took part. The distribution and quantitative content of antibodies (Abs) to viral nucleocapsid (N Ag) and receptor binding domain (RBD Ag) were determined by ELISA. When questioned, a history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was indicated by 69.7% (95% CI: 68.2-71.2) of the volunteer cohort. Vector vaccines were most frequently used (50.6%; 95% CI: 48.7-52.5), with whole-virion inactivated preparations in second place (23.0%: 95% CI: 21.4-26.6) and mRNA vaccines in third place (21.0%; 95% CI:19.4-22.6).The cohort (n = 3682) featured 27.5% men and 72.5% women. The overall seroprevalence was 98.5% (95% CI: 97.7-99.2) in men and 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0-99.6) in women (differences statistically insignificant). Overall seroprevalence in the cohort was 99.2% (95% CI: 98.8-99.4) and ranged from 97.2 to 100% in certain subgroups. Asymptomatic seropositivity in the whole cohort was 98.4% (95% CI: 97.6-99.1). As a result of a mandatory vaccination program introduced in Tajikistan under a COVID-19 Emergency Project, the level of herd immunity among vaccinated individuals reached 99.5% (95% CI: 99.1-99.7), which is similar to the level reached in the cohort as a whole.The epidemic situation that developed in Tajikistan by mid-March 2022 was characterized by an almost absolute level of herd immunity, as evidenced by an absence of detected overt COVID-19 cases since the end of February (2022).

Understanding the molecular biological basis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and stratification of patients into risk groups has now led to significant advances in treatment. New targeted drugs with different mechanisms of action (bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bCL-2 inhibitors, pI3K inhibitors) have significantly improved the prognosis of high-risk CLL patients. In some CLL cases the nodular tumor component can change to a more aggressive subtype of lymphoma (often diffuse large b-cell) with preservation of the small-cell leukemic component with the CLL phenotype (Richter’s syndrome), usually characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. The issue of treatment efficacy in patients with Richter’s syndrome still remains unresolved. The results of new drugs clinical trials are often contradictory and cannot yet be recommended for routine use in clinical practice. The low incidence of Richter’s syndrome, the lack of a unified view of the pathogenesis and therapy approaches make the search for effective drugs an urgent task, so each clinical observation is of undoubted interest.A clinical case of CLL patient with unfavorable molecular cytogenetic risk and transformation into diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (Richter’s syndrome) is presented. The combined use of bCL-2 inhibitors (venetoclax) and pI3K (duvelisib) led to the achievement of partial remission followed by a gradual increase in the positive antitumor effect.

We present the methods for constructing a multivariate polynomial given by a redundant representation based on the results of a limited active experiment. We solve the problem in two formulations. The first is the problem of constructing a multivariate polynomial regression given by a redundant representation based on the results of a limited active experiment. The solution method is based on the previous results of Professor A. A. Pavlov and his students showing the fundamental possibility of reducing this problem to the sequential construction of univariate polynomial regressions and solving the corresponding nondegenerate systems of linear equations. There are two modifications of this method. The second modification is based on proving for an arbitrary limited active experiment the possibility of using only one set of normalized orthogonal polynomials of Forsythe. The second formulation refers to the solution of this problem for a particular but sufficient from the practical point of view case when an unknown implementation of a random variable is not added to the initial measurement results during an active experiment. This method is a modification of the solution method for the multivariate polynomial regression problem. Also, we used the main results of the general theory (which reduces the multivariate polynomial regression problem solving to the sequential construction of univariate polynomial regressions and solution of corresponding nondegenerate systems of linear equations) to consider and strictly substantiate fairly wide from the practical point of view particular cases leading to estimating the coefficients at nonlinear terms of the multivariate polynomial regression as a solution of linear equations with a single variable.

Introduction and purpose: This study aimed to discuss herbal supplement usage in population and possible harmful effects with a strong emphasis on the kidneys health. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEADLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: herbal nephropathy, aristolochic nephropathy, herbal supplementation, Chinese traditional medicine Results: Despite the widespread use of herbs among the general public, awareness of possible side effects appears to be negligible. The herbal medicine market is often unregulated, moreover, there are problems with correct identification of the plant, variable cultivation, its processing and the lack of accurate information about its biological activity. Possible side effects include frequent contamination of preparations with heavy metals, other substances such as hormones, aflatoxins or pesticides. In addition, herbs can directly affect the metabolism of drugs taken for specific medical indications. They are able to change the level of their absorption, metabolism in the liver and secretion. The kidneys are a special organ exposed to the harmful effects of herbs due to their high blood flow, resorption from the renal tubules and high metabolic activity. Among kidney damage, aristolochic nephropathy is the one worth mentioning, induced by the herb Aristolochia fangchi and causing a rapidly progressing kidney disease, largely ending up with the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation. Conclusion: The use of herbs as medical substances carries dangers. They should be prevented through proper education of the society, appropriate legal regulations and doctors' awareness of their occurrence.

Introduction: Basal glucose control in diabetes type 2 is commonly maintained by a single, once-daily administration of insulin through subcutaneous injection. Insulin icodec, a novel ultralong-acting lipidated analog validates the concept of a once-weekly basal injection that is less burdensome, yet equally safe and efficacious as conventional once-daily treatment 1. Aim: The aim of the study is to introduce once-weekly injected insulin therapy and compare it with conventional basal insulin therapy in diabetes type 2 patients. Results: The results from phase II trials suggest that switching from an existing basal insulin to icodec, with or without a loading dose, provides effective glycemic control with comparable risk of hypoglycemia.In one of the studies TIR improved from baseline (mean: A 57.0%; B 55.2%; C 51.0%; IGlar U100 55.3%) through weeks 15 and 16 (estimated mean: A 76.6%; B 83.0%; C 80.9%; IGlar U100, 75.9%). No unexpected side effects were observed. It was reassuring that not a single episode of severe hypoglycemia (level 3) was reported for any treatment group throughout the trial duration and that the time spent below range (

Atomic force microscopy was used to identify the early stages of intravascular platelet activation in patients with stable angina and in patients with unstable ischemic heart disease to characterize hemostasiological status of the patients. A comparative analysis of morpho-functional platelet parameters has shown the increase of intravascular platelet activation and the formation of spontaneous platelet aggregates in bloodstream in patients with unstable angina.

Atomic force microscopy was used to estimate the intravascular platelet activation and determine local elastic modulus, adhesion and stiffness of the platelets membrane in patients with end-stage of chronic heart failure with heart ventricle implantation before surgery and intrasurgical: before the heparin injection, after the heparin injection and after neutralization of heparin with protamine.

The paper contains the results of investigation of meteorological conditions influence on morphological features of different flax oily sorts in the conditions of Precarpathian. The results confirm, that weather terms and the terms of the sowing have influence on the height of plants, number of capsules and seeds per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetics of 131I and dose formation in organs and tissues of laboratory Wistar rats with prolonged exposure to was investigated. The methodical approach to the identification of variables that allow to describe the function of uptake in the thyroid (TG) was proposed. Some aspects of the absorbed doses formation, taking into account direct exposure radionuclides entering the organ or tissue, and an additional γ-radiation radionuclides in critical organs: TG and hypodermis was discloses. It is shown that the dose of additional irradiation of certain organs, directly adjacent to the TG, can by 1 - 2 orders of magnitude greater than the dose from internal radiation and significantly affect the functioning of the hematopoietic and immune systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processes in single dose formation and long-term domestic revenue 131I in rats was investigated. Original method of estimating absorbed doses in hemacyte for makrodozimetric indicators was proposed. Dose factors for hemacyte and the dynamics of the blood-forming organs doses for prolonged two cases of prolonged exposure was calculated. Hematologic effects were studied for two variants of entry of the isotope. Peculiarities of doses formation and identified hematological effects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxidation in rat blood male Wistar by chemiluminescence single ingestion of radioactive iodine was investigated. introduction of activity (3.3, 19.2 and 90 kBq per animal) cause changes in the indices of the chemiluminescent reaction (sum light emission, the final intensity of the glow, the time to reach maximum values), the value of which is not significantly dependent on the administration of the active isotope was shown. There were no significant changes in catalase activity in the blood. The features of the flow processes of peroxide in the blood of rats with single administration 131I were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Work is devoted to the development of technology of dyeing using a biologically soft fixer, which will allow for the consolidation of high-quality cotton textiles dyed with direct dyes. Findings. Based on experimental studies and theoretically based results showed that for the doing process of dyeing cotton textile by direct dyes without the use of a neutral electrolyte and formaldehyde fixer can be recommended cationic preparations KP.2 and KP.3 in concentration of 1 to 10 g/l. Originality. First to enhance colors to physical, chemical and mechanical actions proposed pre-impregnated cotton fabric solutions cationic polymers before dyeing. Practical value. The practical significance is the development of technology of dyeing by direct dyes, which allows the exclusion of neutral electrolyte and formaldehyde fixer get intense, uniform and resistant to physical, chemical and mechanical influences coloring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigated peroxidase activity of blood white nonlinear rats-males by daily oral administration of 15 kBq 137Cs by chemiluminescence. Discovered oscillatory nature of the changes chemiluminescent indicators peroxidase oxidation of blood, the maximum deviation of the control are registered during the 4th and 60th days, and the minimum at the 1st, 7th and 135th days. Recovering kinetic parameters CL does not occur within 135 days of observation (the 90th day of the completion of the introduction of radioactive cesium) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous experimental radiobiological studies and medical observations were conducted after the Chernobyl disaster based on the published results; patterns and characteristics influence of the fission products of nuclear materials on the body of mammals, including humans were analyzed. Chronic exposure to low doses leads to the changes in the hemopoietic system was founded and increases the risk of myeloproliferative diseases. The consequence of radiationrelated immunodeficiency is the autoimmune disease and chronic fatigue syndrome. Radiation damage leads to endocrine system disruption of the body and of polipatologycal states. High radiosensitivity of the central nervous system was founded. Genotoxic chronic radiation exposure threatens the stability of the genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinetics of 131I in the organism of the laboratory rats is investigated after a single intake of various activities of isotopes. The isotope content is measured in different organs and tissues. Half-life of 131I has been determined. The specifics of the accumulation and excretion of the isotope from organism are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic development of technologies in highly automated vehicles requires the development of new methods for transmitting information on board a vehicle in a timely and efficient manner. In this regard, the direction of data transmission over the air is actively developing. The article considers cloud services that can be used for over-the-air updates in highly automated vehicles. The main, most used and additional cloud services are highlighted. The provider and client responsibility scheme for cloud services IaaS, PaaS, SaaS is presented. The aspects of security of cloud services are considered as one of the most important and priority tasks to prevent threats and protect personal data. Specific categories of over-the-air updates used in highly automated vehicles and adjacent infrastructure are presented and described. The process of releasing and installing firmware and software updates over-the-air on highly automated vehicles, their components and adjacent infrastructure is considered. The results obtained are oriented towards a deeper understanding of the over-the-air software upgrade process.

Introduction. The article addresses background gamma radiation in residential premises of apartment buildings in Vladivostok. This study is based on earlier research undertakings focused on the sick building syndrome (SBS), which proves its high relevance. The research is focused on the intensity of background gamma radiation in the residential premises of apartment buildings in Vladivostok. New data obtained in the course of the field experiments, the scale of their analysis, the coverage of substantive issues concerning radiation intensity and its monitoring in residential buildings guarantee the novelty of this research project. These findings also have a practical value that deals with environmental safety.Materials and methods. Onsite examinations were conducted in the form of background gamma radiation measurements taken in versatile apartment buildings, built at different times and made of different materials.Results. This section contains analytical information about the lack of influence of the location of apartment buildings on background radiation inside the apartments examined within the framework of this research project. Measurement results represent a range of values depending on construction materials used. Principal regularities, derived from the measurement results, are based on the time of operation of residential buildings, which is of practical importance.Conclusions. Patterns of influence of building parameters on background radiation inside apartments allow to assess the condition of residential buildings. Background radiation information can be entered into BIM databases and used to formulate the approach to the design of buildings and urban infrastructure so that they were focused on their residents and users. Background radiation research findings, entered into the database and contributed to design algorithms which are customized to the needs of urban residents, will enable designers to project the overall quality of the living environment encompassing the built environment analyzed in this article and other nearby buildings and structures located in Vladivostok.

Introduction. This work is devoted to study the microbiological composition of the air 110 dwellings in the city of Vladivostok and the assessment of the impact of various factors on the microbiological condition of premises. The study is aimed at obtaining information about the real sanitary and hygienic conditions of the exploited residential area and identifying patterns of changes in environmental indicators from design decisions, building parameters and conditions of its operation. Research statistics are the result of field research with laboratory processing of the samples obtained. The relevance of scientific work also lies in the possibility of further factor analysis and verification of sanitary norms and rules with the practice of real design and operation of residential buildings.Materials and methods. Surveys were conducted on the basis of air sampling with subsequent assessment of the content of bacteria in the air of apartment buildings of different types, built at different times from different materials.Results. The section presents analytical data on the content of three main groups of bacteria in the air of residential premises located on the territory of Vladivostok. Based on the accumulated data, a comparative analysis was carried out to establish a correlation between the number of microorganisms in the air and the city area, the type of building material of the house, the density of apartment occupancy, and the presence of pets.Conclusions. Data on the influence of apartment occupancy density on the sanitary and microbiological situation were obtained. The assessment of the influence on the density of microbiological contamination of such factors as: the presence of pets, the type of building materials from which buildings are built, as well as the territorial location of the surveyed apartments.

Objective: The study was aimed to analyze the diagnostic approach to a child with a non-traumatic musculoskeletal pain registered in the pediatric Hospital Emergency Department (HED). Since the pandemic COVID-19 affects patient health and the healthcare system, we also evaluated the impact of pandemic on type of musculoskeletal symptoms. Study design: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by statistical analysis of data of patients with non-traumatic musculoskeletal pain registered in HED between January 2018 and December 2020. Data of patients referred and not referred to hospital ward and admitted to HED before and during COVID-19 pandemic have been compared. Results: Majority of patients presented acute, non-trauma related, single-site pain, usually localized in the hip, the knee and the spine. 21,49% of patients were referred to a hospital ward, usually rheumatological, neurological or orthopedic. Final diagnoses in almost ¾ patients belong to the group of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders. During the pandemic significantly less patients with musculoskeletal pain reported to our HED. The duration of symptoms before admission was not significantly longer than in previous years, but the problem in children and the impact of the pandemic on the musculoskeletal system in children is complex. Conclusions: Our study provides detailed information on patterns of pediatric musculoskeletal consultations in HED. A positive history of trauma preceding musculoskeletal pain in a child may only be accidentally related to the final cause. Musculoskeletal pain can be also a symptom of a lot of various systemic conditions, not only diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may require changes in the organization of the HED. We believe that the presented results can help in organizing and planning care in pediatric HEDs, develop diagnostic algorithms and training for HED staff.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of the complement system in a therapy of the ANCA- associated vasculitis. Methods and materials: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEADLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: the complement system, AVV, C5a inhibitor, avacopan Results: The complement system is a crucial part of the human immune system. Its cascade is involved in the pathogenesis of many disease entities, especially those with an inflammatory response. As anaphylatoxin, this is especially true of the C5a protein. C5a receptors are distributed mainly on tissue inflammatory cells, e.g. macrophages, mast cells, and endothelial cells. Therefore a C5a receptor inhibitor may reduce the inflammatory response of the body. This mechanism is used by the Avacopan, a newly approved drug for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis as the main indication. Tavneos (avacopan) was only introduced in the UE in January 2022, as the first new drug to treat AVV in over a decade. Conclusion: The C5a receptor inhibitor – Avacopan might be the future of a glucocorticoids-free or glucocorticoids – low dose therapy of ANCA-associated vasculitis. As the ADVOCATE clinical trial shows, Avacopan was neither superior, nor inferior to prednisone tamper with respect to sustained remission at 26 weeks, but proved to be superior with sustaining remission at 52 weeks. All the patients received rituximab or cyclophosphamide as a form of therapy. Keywords: the complement system; C5a receptor inhibitor, AVV; Avacopan