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Background. Providing farms with low-toxic and effective defoliants from local raw materials speeds up cotton harvesting. Therefore, their development is relevant. Purpose. To obtain effective defoliants with insecticidal properties and physiological activity, to study the interaction of the components: calcium tetraurea chloride and ammonium chloride. Methodology. We used the visual-polythermal method; calcium was determined complexometrically, urea amide - spectrophotocalorimetrically (FEK-56M), chlorate - permanganometrically, chloride ions – by volumetric argentometric method. Originality. A polythermal solubility diagram for a system of calcium tetraurea chlorate and ammonium chloride has been constructed. Findings. Data were obtained on the solubility of the system Сa(ClO3)2∙4CO(NH2)2 - NH4Сl - H2O crystallization, viscosity, density, pH in the presence of ammonium chloride. in a 55% solution of calcium tetraurea chlorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Onboarding rolling stock that exerts increased axial loads makes assessing wheels force impact on railway tracks more acute and relevant. Specialist literature describes many techniques for measuring lateral forces and lateral wear with varying degrees of accuracy. However, the questions of the correct position of measuring devices along the circular segments of a curve, spacing and frequency of measuring force parameters during the service life of the track rails are still open. The article discusses the impact of 25 tf open-box cars on the load and wear of the trackways in curves that have different radii.Materials and methods. In order to analyse and detail the total load exerted by each car wheel on track rails on the second main track of the Slyudyanskaya Division, East Siberian Infrastructure Directorate (descending segment), the authors selected two (R298 and R565 m) curved segments with almost identical slopes and comparable operating parameters. Tests were carried out to measure the load exerted on the rails along two trial segments of the track and also measurement trips of Sprinter-Integral, an infrastructure diagnostic complex (by Firma TVEMA JSC), were made along the trial curve.Results. The researchers processed and analysed the data obtained for open-box cars with an axial load of 25 tf (245.3 kN). It has been established that of all the wheels that passed along the R298 m curve, 58% impacted the inner rail in an outward direction from the rail track with 42% having an inward impact. The inner rail is exposed to an average lateral force of 37.9 kN directed outward and 30.9 kN directed inward. Similar data is obtained for the R565 m curve. A comparison of the diagrams of lateral wear and lateral forces obtained for both curves showed that changes in them occurred synchronically.Discussion and conclusion. In order to comprehensively analyse wheels impact, it is necessary to assess the impact from lateral forces which is especially important for curved track.

The article presents the author's view on the organization of extracurricular educational work at the university. The authors believe that the main purpose of this type of activity is the personal and professional development of students, which is achieved through the creation of conditions for their active life, civic self-determination, creative development, professional formation and individual personal self-realization. The important role in the systematization and organization of extracurricular educational work of such methodological documents as Educational work schedules and Work programs of education according to educational programs is noted. The article presents a functional model of the organization of educational work on the example of the Volgograd Institute of Management – a branch of the RANEPA. The IDEF0 notation was used to build the model. As a result of the development of the "As is" model, factors were identified that were not previously taken into account, but have an impact on the process of implementing extracurricular educational work.

Background. The article presents the results of the implementation of the capabilities of IT technologies in medical practice on the example of the work of the departments of intensive care and intensive care. The authors of the article developed the MedData medical data management system, which implements a graphical representation of the patient's condition in intensive care units based on cognitive graphics methods. Materials and methods. Such methods of cognitive graphics as "heat map," "map-radar", "diagram" with once-time graph formats, sparklines were implemented. This article provides a comparative analysis of cognitive graphics methods. The option of distributing blood parameters into subgroups is justified. Results and conclusions. The authors of the article explained the choice of a visual graphical representation of the patient's condition based on the numerical values of blood parameters reduced into subgroups, which are distributed according to their functional value.

Background; Chlorine-free potassium fertilizers in agricultural chlorophobic crops such as potatoes, grapes, vegetables and citrus fruits, then the use of nitrate, sulfate and other potassium compounds does not lose its importance. In this regard, it is important to produce potassium sulfate based on continuous conversion technology of flotation potassium chloride with sulfate-containing salts and to expand the range of chlorine-free potash products. Purpose. Study of the physico-chemical properties of sulfate salts of the Aral region for the production of potassium sulfate. Methodology. The study of physicochemical systems by the isothermal method, determination of the elemental composition and morphological studies of samples were carried out according to the approved methodology. Originally. The solubility diagram of the system 2Na+, 2К+, Mg2+,//SO4 2-, 2Cl- - Н2О was theoretically analyzed by the isothermal method at temperatures of 25, 50 and 750C. It has been established that the salt deposits of the Aral region mainly consist of sodium or magnesium sulfates and/or their mixtures at certain ratios. Findings. From a theoretical analysis of the system 2К+, 2 Na+, Mg 2+//2 Cl-, SO4 -2-H2O it was established that at 00C the volume fraction of schoenite reaches more than 24%, at 250C the volume fraction of astrakhanite is 15%, and at 750C the share Glaserite reaches more than 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of modern construction, flexible centrally and eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements are becoming more common. In this regard, the relevance of studying their work and the mechanism of bearing capacity exhaustion increases. There are two directions in determining the bearing capacity of these elements: calculation for stability and calculation for strength. The loss of stability in a number of cases, obviously, can cause the destruction of not only centrally, but also eccentrically compressed rods with small eccentricities, since under certain conditions they can practically turn out to be close in their work. The stability of these eccentrically compressed rods is calculated by multiple integration. Such a calculation is especially laborious for reinforced concrete elements. This article is devoted to the study of the stability of centrally and eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete rods with small eccentricities, taking into account the creep of concrete. An eccentrically compressed rod with a small eccentricity of length l is replaced by a centrally compressed rod of length l0 so that the bending arrow includes the eccentricity. The numerical values of the rheological coefficients are determined from the boundary values of the reduced stiffness, which varies along the length of the rod. Complicated integration is replaced by the solution of the differential equation of the bent axis of the rod in the form of a sinusoid half-wave.

Background. Agriculture is considered not only from the position of providing food products, but also as a promising source of strengthening the export potential of the republic. With the reduction of areas under cotton and grain, mineral fertilizers, stimulants, defoliants and other plant protection products are required. Purpose: substantiation of obtaining drugs with nutritional and physiologically active properties by studying the interaction and rheological properties of the systems of dihydrate oxalic acid and urea Methodology. The solubility was determined using a viscometer VPZh, pH - on a FE 20 METTLER TOLEDO pH meter, light refractive index - on a PAL-BX/RI refractometer. Originality. The interaction of two-water oxalic acid and urea was studied, and on their basis a diagram of the solubility of systems and "composition-properties" was constructed. Findings. Based on two-component systems and internal sections, a polythermal solubility diagram for the systems H2C2O4·2H2O - CО(NH2)2 - H2Owas constructed in the temperature range from -11.2 to 92°C. The limits of crystallization of ice, dihydrate oxalic acid, carbamide and a new phase of carbamide oxalate were determined, and the composition was identified. The crystallization temperatures, viscosity, density and pH were established depending on the ratio of components when urea was added to oxalic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of any historical research depends on independent verification of the related data and the completeness of available sources. According to nineteenth-century French historians, "Documents make History", which means that all available written sources are equally important for solving a particular task. In this aspect, classification of historical sources can be of great help. Like any classification, it groups its objects according to the presence or absence of an essential feature. Perhaps, the most famous methodological school was founded in Novosibirsk by S. S. Rozova, who dealt with issues of scientific classification. In the modern domestic tradition of the historical methodology, classification of historical sources is one of the most important research steps. It allows historians to give a genuine scientific character to their studies. However, classification of sources is not a mechanical action. As a creative process, it leads to variability. The present article introduces a comparative analysis of two classifications of historical sources on the history of Yakutia, which belonged to N. N. Ogloblin and V. F. Ivanov. N. N. Ogloblin created a detailed classification of sources, which covers the main groups of customs documentation. However, his second volume was found lacking.

The article deals with word problems of movement on land, water, and air. It focuses on presenting the text of the problem with a diagram and a table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to create a visual model of the forest reclamation system of natural-anthropogenic landscapes (NAL) to justify forest reclamation of natural zones of Russia. Methods: system analysis, the use of diagrams as visualization tools. Results: a visual model is presented in the form of a Venn radial diagram, the main circle of which symbolizes forestry landscapes of forest (natural) zones, and peripheral circles – NAL of these zones. Forestry landscapes are interconnected through the exchange of genetic information along transit corridors (ribborn forests, state forest belts, etc.), as well as through vast landscape territories (with forest belt systems, forest stands, etc.), where nature conservation activities are carried out. The overlap areas of the principal circle with peripheral circles represent the relationship between them through forestry natural boundaries of NAL structure. These are the nuclei of forest landscape chorions, spreading their impact on parts of NAL spheres not covered by forest. The visual model represents a complex forest reclamation system of natural zones of Russia. This model includes a specific number (by types of cultural landscapes) of additions, designed in the form of diagrams. It constitutes a visual metaphor, symbolizing the idea of the subject “Forest reclamation NAL of natural zones”. The isolated parts of the system of scientific knowledge of this subject have been clarified, and the main components of forest reclamation systems of natural zones have been presented. Conclusions: a practical embodiment of such idea in forest regions of the Russian Federation is, along with reforestation, the carrying out of forest cultivation works to create forest belts and transit corridors between forest regions and natural zones. As a result, the construction of forest reclamation systems NAL within natural zones and in general in Russia will be completed, which will form the basis of its green economy and sustainable development.

A large variety of machine operating conditions leads to a difference in the wear rate even for their units being of the same type. Operational time terms of single-type units and machines are not the same, and therefore, numerical expressions of operational reliability will be probabilistic values. Incomplete restoration of original properties of a unit, a negligent repair, a poor maintenance usually lead to the fact that any of several parts independently one from another can determine reliability of a machine (a unit). This is especially important to consider when manufacturing packaging in order to avoid rejects. The operational reliability of modern machines consisting of hundreds, and sometimes thousands of parts, wear processes of which are in a complex relationship, depends on a number of factors. A study on reliability of main components and equipment devices is an urgent task. Successful operation of printing equipment is possible only if there is a clear organization of preventive work, ensuring preparation of printing machines for printing and post-printing processing. High-performance equipment, such as die-cutting presses, should be regularly inspected, adjusted and maintained in such a way as to obtain standard results at the output. The paper has studied reliability of main components and devices of die-cutting presses based on calculation of failure probability. Calculations have been carried out by analogy with the calculation of the probability of events in the fault tree. Failure diagrams of devices and units of die-cutting presses have been built in the paper. Based on the analysis of the failure probability for main components and devices, graphs of residual life for equipment operation on its life cycle have been constructed in the paper.

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The process of developing frozen soils is considered by the working equipment of earthmoving and earth-moving machinery as a research object. The main aspects of the developed mathematical model and the original method for studying the processes of spatial interaction of the excavating machines’ working bodies with frozen soil are presented. Moreover, such aspects allow to obtain the stress distribution diagrams over the surface of the working body. The nonlinear character of the stresses’ distribution on the contact surface of the working body during the interaction with the soil has been substantiated and proved.Materials and methods. The description and analysis of the experimental results on the coefficients’ quantitative determination, which enter into the mathematical model, and also the boundaries’ establishment of their adequacy are given. The dependencies have been established to determine the experimental coefficients analyticallyResults. The investigations and analysis of the results have been carried out to establish an approximating interrelation between the strength of the frozen soil development and the contact spot on the aluminum plate. Therefore, each abscissa value (the gravity center coordinates of the aluminum plate) and the values of the total normal force are quantified. As a result, good convergence of theoretically obtained dependences with experimental results is shown.Discussion and conclusion. The carried out researches are the basis for the justifying and determining methodology for the working equipment’s optimal parameters of earth-moving machines with increased efficiency by reducing the energy intensity of the developing frozen soils’ process.

The article analyzes the deformation mechanism under uniaxial compression of cylindrical samples cut from the pulp of potato tuber. In its typical S-shaped stress-strain diagram, three characteristic zones of different types of dominant deformation can be distinguished. Clarified the boundary between the second and third zones. The rationale for changing the type of deformations in each zone by adding a new type to the previous one is presented. Grounded elastic deformation in the first zone, which is associated with stretching of the cell membranes. In the second zone, the destruction of individual cells distributed in the sample volume occurs and in the third zone — the predominant gradual unification of these destructions. An explanation is given of the characteristic brittle fracture of the sample with significant residual deformations at the end of the third zone. The erroneous determination of the deformations of the second and third zones as plastic (yield) was noted. In this regard, a new term was introduced — modulus of rigidity Z. The change in the modulus of stiffness Z with increasing irreversible deformations indicates structural changes in the flesh of the sample due to its gradually collapsing cell structure. The reason for straightening diagrams for samples from fresh, hard potato tubers is explained. Taking into account the type of deformations by zones allows us to reasonably proceed to the creation of criteria for quantitative assessments of the degree of flaccidity of potato tubers.

The work considers the possibility and expediency of deformation-strength model applica-tion in the study of stress-strain state of reinforced concrete structures. Relying on the basic provisions of the mechanics of solid deformable body and the real stages of work of reinforced concrete elements, it is generalized and established by the authors that the real state of rein-forced concrete structures cannot only be described by stresses diagrams or only by strain diagram. Aim of the paper is consideration of concrete and reinforced concrete elements’ work as a force and deformation model. The theory of reinforced concrete structures resistance, as before, is aimed at a precise definition of the four major problems: accurate calculation of the load at which the first cracks appear; deter-mination of the width of the cracks in the operational phase, starting from the moment of their appearance; calculation of rigidity and deflec-tions, including the maximum permissible; definition of maximum possible bearing capacity (strength or stability). The real state of the rein-forced concrete structure cannot be displayed only by stress distribution or deformations diagrams. This can only be done when used in con-junction with both diagrams. In this case, the generalized model of the element deformation should be able to equally reflect both the nature of the growth of relative deformation of materials, and a process of continuous redistribution of stresses in them, especially at the stages that are close to the limit equilibrium.

The article deals with the scheme “tax maneuver” and its practical implementation. This is a continuation of research on tax reforms as part of a new political cycle. The government is serious disagreement about the tax maneuver. The scheme of “21 to 21” assumes that 21% - this is the premiums that are paid to the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund and the MLA fund, and 21% - VAT. In this case, the present VAT 18% increase by 3 percentage points, while the rate of insurance contributions, by contrast, will be reduced from 30 to 21%. In the scheme of “21 to 21” Pension Fund will receive less revenue from insurance premiums and will have to receive more subsidies from the federal budget. Thus, the costs of the pension system at all times will compete with other spending budget. According to some bold proposals should be built into the budget system of the Pension Fund. This proposal was so radical that it’s not fully supported within the government and is now being discussed. The previous sentence was a scheme of “22 to 22”: it is more neutral and does not lead to a decrease in revenues. But it also finds direct support in the government.

Computer Graphics is an up-to-date industry in the design and application of rapidly evolving computing systems. The subject of the work is designing a graphical user interface. The purpose of the work is to perform reengineering (evolutionary improvement while maintaining the positive qualities that are confirmed by the operation) of an open-source three-dimensional software system with inheritance of full functionality and principles of operation. BRL-CAD is a specialized open source cross-platform system that is a powerful 3D computer aided design system for bulk body modeling. The software system includes an interactive geometric editor, parallel ray tracing, rendering and geometric analysis. Objectives: To summarize the results of experimental studies at the level of representation of classes, components and use cases, which must be submitted using a unified modeling language – UML, with the processing and interpretation of results at the level of CASE-tool; to analyze the source code translation of the redesigned BRL-CAD graphical user interface. Methods. The process of designing or redesigning new software products is ineffective without using the UML methodology, but with its adherence – the speed of development is increased several times over. In this paper, we use the UML 2.5 methodology using the Enterprise Architect 14.0 CASE toolkit. Results. The main focus is on three diagrams: classes, use cases and components. Based on these diagrams, code generators and programmers continue to work, while other (auxiliary) diagrams are intended to explain some of the complex specifications of the project, which does not, however, diminish their relevance within the project. The present study summarizes the results of experimental studies; source code translation results are analyzed and summarized, the main one being the reduction in the complexity of creating open source software using the BRL-CAD example. Conclusions. BRL-CAD is acceptable for the experienced designer, but for the beginner or student, its application process will be very complicated. A thorough analysis of the environment revealed the presence of two modules contained in the structure of the system that help the potential user to quickly design and model. Also fundamental to the package is the ability to support the design and analysis of visual models based on complex objects, consisting of a large set of graphic primitives. The powerful side of the system is the extraordinary speed of visual means, ray tracer and rendering. Compared to analogs, it can be state that the visualization process is one of the fastest among the existing ones.

Background: When producing high-quality raw cotton, a major role is played by a modern lossless cotton harvest. This is due to the use of effective defoliants to remove cotton leaves. In order to obtain a high cotton crop, along with carrying out agrotechnical measures, it is necessary to protect plants from all kinds of pests and diseases, as well as to conduct high-quality defoliation. Defoliation - this artificial pre-harvest removal of plant leaves. After it is carried out by chemical substances - defoliants, nutrients are mixed from the vegetative organs into generative ones - fruits and seeds. Purpose. The physical chemical substantiation of the process of obtaining a new defoliant, which has both physiological and insecticidal activity based on sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolammonium acetate, ethanol and acetamipride. Methodology. The determination of chlorate - ion was carried out by volumetric permanganometric, sodium - by flame photometric methods. The viscosity of the solutions was measured using a HPV viscometer, and the pH of the solutions was determined using a pH meterFE20 METTLERTOLEDO. Originality. Polythermal and "composition-properties" diagrams have been created based on the study of solubility in a system involving water, sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolammonium acetate, ethanol and acetamipride. Findings. Justification of technological processes for the production of a defoliant with defoliation, physiological and insecticidal activity based on sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolammonium acetate, ethanol and acetamipride. We studied the physicochemical properties of solutions of systems [70% (99.65% NaClO3∙2CO(NH2)2 + 0.35% NH2C2H4OH·CH3COOH) + 30% H2O] - [90% C2H5OH + 10% C10H11C1N4] depending on the ratio of the components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. As the world's population continues to grow, demand for land, water and agricultural products is increasing year by year. Increased productivity of existing arable land and soil composition obtained from local raw materials environmental pollution and research is required on the synthesis of drugs that do not have a harmful effect on human health. Short-term cotton harvesting in the republic's agriculture requires the creation of low-toxic defoliants with high-quality and comprehensive action. Purpose. The aim of the study is the physico-chemical substantiation of the process of obtaining a complex cotton defoliant based on sodium monocarbamide chlorate and a complex macro element salt. Methodology. For the physico-chemical substantiation of the process of obtaining a complex acting cotton defoliant, data were first obtained on the solubility and rheological properties of solutions in systems including sodium monocarbamidochlorate and a complex macrocell salt. The complex macrocell salt and sodium chlorate monocarbamide were initially synthesized, and their content was determined by chemical analysis. The synthesis was carried out using an electric thermostatic water bath DK-98-II A, a magnetic stirrer MM-2 A with heating, a rotary evaporator RE100-pro (DLab) and a desiccator SS-80-01 nt SPU 2001 (+200 0С). The work used visual-polythermal and pycnometric methods. The viscosity of the solutions was measured using a VPZh viscometer. The pH of the solutions was determined on a pH meter FE 20 METTLER TOLEDO and light refractive index using a PAL-BX / RI refractometer. Originality. The physicochemical basis for the interaction of components in the system with the participation of water, sodium monocarbamidochlorate and calcium disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetate was created, its polythermal solubility diagrams were constructed. To justify the process of obtaining a complex acting defoliant containing physiologically active substances, the “composition-properties” of the system [60%NaClO3•CO(NH2)2+40%H2O]- C10H12CaN2Na2O8 were studied. Findings. Based on the solubility polytherms of binary systems and internal sections, a polythermal solubility diagram of the NaClO3•CO(NH2)2-C10H12CaN2Na2O8 –H2O system was constructed in the temperature range from -35.2 to 60 °C. In the polythermal solubility diagram, the fields of ice crystallization are distinguished: CO(NH2)2, NaClO3·CO(NH2)2, C10H12CaN2Na2O8•2H2O и C10H12CaN2Na2O8. The crystallization temperatures, viscosity, density, pH of the medium, and the refractive index of light and solutions of the system [60%NaClO3•CO(NH2)2+40%H2O]- C10H12CaN2Na2O8 depending on the ratio of the components were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The problem of utilization of liquid wastes from industrial aluminum production is one of the most important both in terms of increasing the productivity of the process and solving environmental problems. Purpose. Solubility determination in the system of Na,Са//SO4,F-H2O at 50°С constructed its state diagrams with subsequent recommendations of the obtained data when developing optimal conditions for utilization of liquid wastes of industrial aluminum production. Methodology. Concentration parameters of crystallization of individual equilibrium solid phases and their combination on geometrical images of the studied system with the subsequent constructed its solubility diagrams were determined. Originality. The equilibrium concentrations of the liquid phase were determined during the crystallization of individual solid phases in the fields, their joint crystallization at curves and points. For the main data obtained for the first time, a solubility diagram of the studied system was constructed at 50°C. Findings. Solubility on geometric images of the Na,Ca//SO4,F-H2O system at 50°C, changes in the data obtained relative to the isotherms 0 and 25°C. In particular, the increase in the solubility of Na2SO4 with 4.76 and 21.71 wt. % at 0 and 25°C, respectively, up to 31.73 wt. % at 50°C; NaF with 3.57 and 3.77 wt. % at 0 and 25°C, respectively, to 3.97 wt. % at 50°C; CaF2 with 0.190 and 0.230 wt. % at 0 and 25°C, respectively, to 0.340 wt. % at 50°C. Micrographs of individual and jointly crystallized equilibrium solid phases were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. One of the most dynamically developing segments of the mineral fertilizer market is liquid fertilizers, which is due to a number of their advantages. Currently, agricultural producers have created the necessary infrastructure, including warehouses, storage equipment and equipment for their introduction. Among the current areas of further improvement in the production of liquid mineral fertilizers can be identified, as one of the most important, the task of increasing the nutrient content. In this regard, the development of the process of obtaining liquid fertilizers is relevant. Purpose. The aim of the work is to obtain liquid fertilizers by the conversion of potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate with the subsequent addition of ammonium nitrate and urea to the working solution with an increase in its nitrogen content. Methodology. Systems were studied by isomolar series method. The specific mass of the samples of the studied compounds and solutions was determined by the pycnometric method. Measurement of pH of the solutions was performed according to the manual. The kinematic viscosity of the solutions was determined by a capillary viscometer VPG. Originality. The dependence of changes in physicochemical and rheological properties of solutions on the composition of the systems was studied for the first time: [11.82%NH4CI+1.65%(NH4)2SO4+6.76%K2SO4+79.77%H2O]-CO(NH2)2 and [11.82%NH4CI+1.65%(NH4)2SO4+6.76%K2SO4+79.77%H2O]-NHNO3. Findings. On the basis of the "composition-properties" diagrams studied, the optimal ratio of components working solution : nitrogen-containing fertilizers is 60: 40 and 50: 50, respectively, with the addition of urea and ammonium nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The friction as competitive process is considered from positions of energy balance equation. Friction surfaces joint work with using this equation is described. As the result of more full evolution of elementary tribosystem the unique nanostructure is formed and the basis of which is one mechanical (nano) quantum. Mechanical quantum represents the least structural form of solid material body in conditions of plastic deformation and under transition tribosystem across the limit activated state by development of selforganazing processes of tribosystem adaptation are formed. Mechanical quantum is dynamic oscillator of dissipative friction structure. Mechanical quantum can be examined as the elementary nanostructure of metal’s solid body. Calculations have shown the number of such mechanical “quanta” (subtribosystems) within the elementary tribosystem’s volume, which is close to the safe number of fatigue cycles. Their joint rotationary-oscillatory behavior in relation to each other has determined the dynamic dissipation energy effect. Calculative model for dynamic oscillator of friction dissipative structures is offered.

Abstract. Conducted laboratory studies of the threading in the details of ship machinery and ship armatures from hard materials helped to create the modern technology of internal threads of small diameters cutting. The reasons that impede the processing of hard materials are find out.Presented are various designs of taps for cutting of internal threads and analyzed is their work. Noted are shortcomings of their designs resulting in creating a modern cutting pattern, allowing to minimize the shortages identified in the processing of hard materials. Practice shows that the machining of these materials is difficult because of their considerable tendency to work hardening during deformation, high viscosity, poor heat dissipation from the cutting zone.They have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and low coefficient of workability relatively to tool steel. Therefore, processing technology and cutting conditions used for structural carbon steels, often are unacceptable to hard materials.The most difficult is tapping into the holes of small diameters up to 16 mm. The disadvantage of this technology is the low quality of threaded surfaces and an increased tendency to tap breakage. To improve threading performance in the details of the hard materials are developed advanced threading techniques.

The article deals with the analysis of a new object, called a system with bitmodular organization for which to solve the problem of monitoring and diagnosing.

The paper sheds light on the concept of model in ordinary language and in scientific discourse from the perspective of C. S. Peirce’s semiotics. It proposes a general Peircean framework for the definition of models of all kinds, including mental models. A survey of definitions of scientific models that have been influential in the philosophy of science and of the typologies proposed in this context is given. The author criticizes the heterogeneity of the criteria applied in these typologies and the lack of a semiotic foundation in typological distinctions between formal, symbolic, theoretical, metaphorical, and iconic models, among others. The paper argues that the application of Peirce’s subdivision of signs into the trichotomies of the sign itself, its object, and its interpretant can offer a deeper understanding of the nature of models. Semiotic topics in the focus of the paper are (1) the distinction between models as signs and (mental) models as the interpretants of signs; (2) models considered as a type (or legisign) and models considered as tokens (or replicas) of a type; (3) the iconicity of models, including diagrammatic and metaphorical icons; (4) the contribution of indices and symbols to the informativity of models; and (5) the rhetorical qualities of models in scientific discourse. The paper argues in conclusion that informative models are hybrid signs in which a diagram incorporates indices and symbols in a rhetorically efficient way.

Introduction. While designing buildings and constructions with an elastomeric bearing with a lead core as a seismic isolation system, it is necessary to make calculations concerning effectiveness and reasonability of its usage. These demands lead to necessity to construct bearings in a common finite-element model, in order to consider how a bearing and a construction work together. Though a calculator has a lot of different variants of elastomeric bearing’s construction, which are connected to their implemented work model. To prove that obtained calculation results are sufficient and accurate, selection criteria of elastomeric bearings implemented work models are necessary. Materials and methods. To get accurate results we will compare elastomeric bearing’s work diagrams and free periods of motion when there are different variants of their numerical modelling with the help of software packages with factory tests results. Results. The researches have shown that lateral force’s and shear’s limit values are the same for all of the observed cases, although free periods of motion and work diagrams differ. Usage of more accurate bearing work model in software package Ansys/LS-Dyna can explain these differences, it can be seen if compare their work’s diagrams. Conclusions. Analysis of constructions with elastomeric bearings’ work, which function according to the idealized linear model, can be possible only for II level constructions. Idealized nonlinear models should be used for I level constructions.

Copyright of Automation of Technological & Business Processes / Avtomatizaciâ Tehnologiceskih i Biznes-Processov is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)