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Изучена активность ферментов (каталазы, дегидрогеназы, инвертазы и уреазы) дерново-подзолистой тяжелосуглинистой почвы в условиях длительного стационарного опыта, заложенного в 1977 г. Проведено сравнение влияния на ферментативную активность почвы бессменного чистого пара, бессменного посева культур (яровой ячмень, озимая рожь), севооборотов с различной насыщенностью бобовыми культурами (0; 28,6; 42,9 %) и залежи. Рассмотрено влияние длительного применения минеральных удобрений. Активность ферментов в почве в зависимости от вида землепользования варьировала. Минимальные значения ферментативной активности установлены в бессменном чистом пару. Активности ферментов были ниже в 1,3-9,8 раза, чем в вариантах с возделыванием культур и залежной почве. Полученные результаты связаны в первую очередь с небольшим поступлением органического материала в почву. Установлено, что введение в севооборот бобовых клевера лугового повышает активность каталазы и дегидрогеназы. Максимальные значения активности дегидрогеназы и инвертазы отмечены в залежи (43 года)., We studied the activity of enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, invertase and urease) of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil under the conditions of a long stationary experience started in 1977. We compared the effect on the enzymatic activity of the soil of constant black fallow, monoculture of crops (spring barley, winter rye), crop rotation with varying saturation with legumes (0, 28.6, 42.9%) and long-fallow. The effect of prolonged use of mineral fertilizers is considered. The enzyme activity in the soil varied depending on the type of land use. Minimum values of enzymatic activity are set in a constant black fallow. Enzyme activities were 1.3–9.8 times lower than in variants with cultivation of crops and long-fallow soil. The results obtained are primarily associated with a small intake of organic material in the soil. It was established that the introduction of legumes – meadow clover (saturation of crop rotation – 28.6, 42.9%) into the crop rotation increases the activity of catalase and dehydrogenase. The maximum values of dehydrogenase and invertase activity were noted in the long-fallow (43 years)., Плодородие, Выпуск 5 (116) 2020

Objective: to reveal the specific features of the lymphocyte enzyme status in newborn infants with hypotrophic type of intrauterine growth retardation under the conditions of Yakutia. Subjects and methods. A total of 137 full-term newborns (including 28 babies with intrauterine growth retardation) whose parents were Yakutsk newcomers were examined on 1, 3 and 5 days of life. The cytochemical activity of lymphocyte enzymes, by determining the level of and time course of changes in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its aerobic isoenzyme (LDH-H), NADFH2-diaphorase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and acid phosphatase (AP), were analyzed. Results. It was ascertained that the activity of SDH, GPDH, and LDH was higher on 5 day of life and that of NADFH2-diaphorase was lower in infants with intrauterine growth retardation than in apparently healthy neonates. Desynchronosis of the metabolic pathways was established in the dynamics of early ontogenesis. Conclusion. It is necessary to rationally correct standard treatment regimens, by taking into account the found metabolic features in infants with intrauterine growth retardation under the conditions of Yakutia.

Glutathione (g-glutamylcysteinylglycine) redox homeostasis in human erythrocytes is dependent on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX1, EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (GSR, EC 1.8.1.7), glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1) and NADPH-generating enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD, EC 1.1.1.44). Free heme accumulation under hemolysis can affect proteins activity thereby in silico analysis of glutathione redox cycle enzymes structure was performed in order to reveal putative heme-binding sites and oxidizable cysteine residues. Protein annotations were taken from UniProt. Heme docking was performed by PatchDock with clustering RMSD 1,5 Å using PDB structures of proteins and heme. Cysteines oxidation potential was estimated by Cy-Preds. Heme binding GSR monomers (1DNC, 3DJJ, 3DK9, 2GRT) and dimers (3SQP, 2GH5) was predicted through His81 close to interchain disulfide bond and through Cys59 near FAD and GSSG binding sites. Heme-binding areas in GPX1 (2F8A) and GPX3 (2R37) also were revealed in the interchain region and in active centre (His80). GLRX1 (4RQR) was predicted to bind heme almost exclusively near the N-end in spite of accessibility of all cysteines including CPYC motif in active centre. G6PD monomer (2BH9, 5UKW) revealed heme-docking areas in NADP+ binding region and a-helix 437–447 located in dimer 2BHL at the interchain surface. Heme docking to PGD (4GWG, 4GWK) was in substrate binding region near His187. So enzymes active centres and chain interaction regions were revealed in the most of heme docking variants. From one (in PGD) to three (GSR) cysteines susceptible to oxidation were found in each protein including cysteines that were predicted to bind heme. Heme-mediated oxidative effect on glutathione redox cycle enzymes in erythrocytes and blood plasma could be an important mechanism of hemolysis progression under stress and pathologies.

9-(4-Phosphonomethoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)hypoxanthine and 9-(4-phosphonomethoxy-2,3-dihydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)hypoxanthine were synthesized as isosteric carbocyclic analogues of inosine-5-monophosphate. The synthesized compounds were shown to be capable of inhibiting the activity of human type II inosine-5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH II) (IC50 = 500 M) and to have no significant effects on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.