Search

Aim. To systematize data on the prevalence of the combination of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using the Rome IIIIV Criteria. Materials and methods. A search in electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane was conducted. The depth of search was 17 years (from January 2006 to May 2022). Original publications from peer-reviewed periodicals that applied the Rome IIIIV Criteria for diagnosis of FD and IBS in an adult patient population with detailed descriptive statistics to allow the resulting data to be included in the meta-analysis were selected for final analysis. Results. The final analysis included 38 studies involving 17,993 patients with FD and 15,883 patients with IBS. In the overall pool of studies using the Rome IIIIV Criteria, the pooled prevalence of FD in patients with IBS was 34.625% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.15941.390), and the pooled prevalence of IBS in patients with FD was 37.549% (95% [CI] 31.51143.787). A random-effects model was used in the analyses since significant heterogeneity between results was found (p0.0001; I298%). Using the Rome III Criteria, the pooled prevalence of FD in patients with IBS was 31.993% (95% CI 26.13538.150; I2=98.17%), while the prevalence of IBS in patients with FD was 34.694% (95% [CI] 29.31940.273; I2=97,89%). An analysis of papers using the Rome IV Criteria demonstrated that the pooled prevalence of FD in patients with IBS was 42.614% (95% CI 18.58868.675; I2=98.97%), and the prevalence of IBS in patients with FD was 50.444% (95% CI 37.95662.904; I2=94,39%). Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of the combination of FD and IBS identified using the Rome IIIIV Criteria is high and is reported in approximately 1 in 3 patients with the functional gastrointestinal disorders concerned. The prevalence of a combination of FD and IBS identified using the Rome IV Criteria is at least 10% higher than that using the Rome III Criteria.

Creating of courses timetable is an extremely difficult, time-consuming task and usually takes a long time. In many educational institutions, the courses schedule is developed manually. Schedule theory includes problems that are actually less complex than problems in practice, but theoretical analysis provides a fundamental understanding of the complexity of the schedule. The logical result is that the schedule is very difficult to build in practice due to many constraints [1]. Scheduling courses is a planning problem. In 1996, the problem of scheduling was described as the allocation of some resources with restrictions on a limited number of time intervals and at the same time to satisfy the set of stated objectives [2]. This is a general statement and is a common description of the courses timetabling creation problem. Schedule of courses is an important administrative activity in most educational institutions. The timetable problem is the distribution of classes by available audiences and time intervals, taking into account the constraints. We usually distinguish between two types of constraints: hard and soft. Hard constraints are compulsorily fulfilled by the educational institution. Decisions that do not violate hard constraints are called possible solutions. With the development of the general theory of the schedule, the approaches to the formalization and solution of the courses timetabling creation problem in educational institutions also changed. Currently, the problem of automation of the courses timetabling creation remains relevant. The urgency of the problem is determined by the growing requirements for the quality of education, student work planning, rational use of the audiences, as well as taking into account additional optimization parameters. The task of finding the optimal schedule of courses in most cases belongs to the class of complex problems. If we take into account the real conditions, the problem is even more complicated, because the desired solutions must meet numerous constraints of production, organizational and psychophysiological nature, which contradict each other. The genetic algorithm helps to efficiently search for optimal solutions in spaces with a very large dimension.

Obiective. Scopul studiului a fost analiza rezultatelor revascularizării membrului inferior prin bypass de tip crossover în poziție ilio-femurală. Material și metode. Acest studiu a fot efectuat în cadrul IMSP Spitalul Clinic Republican ”Timofei Moșneaga” din Republica Moldova, în perioada anilor 2001 – 2021. Criteriile de includere în studiu au fost: ischemia membrului inferior de gradul III-IV Fontaine, și gradul II Fontaine, asociat cu comorbidități precum patologii cardiovasculare și pulmonare avansate, intervenții chirurgicale repetate (lumbotomii, laparotomii în antecedente), calcinoza avansată a aortei abdominale și/sau a arterelor iliace comune cu imposibilitatea clampării. Rezultate. În studiu au fost incluși 70 pacienți. Raportul bărbați/femei a fost 57/13. Anastomoza centrală a bypass-ului a fost aplicată din artera iliacă externă – în 41,5% din bypass-uri (n=29), din bypass ilio-femural contralateral – 20% (n=14), din bypass aorto-femural controlateral – 18,5% (n=13), din branșa bypass-ului aorto-bifemural – 20% (n=14). Anastomozele distale au fost aplicate pe bifurcația arterei femurale comune – 28,5% (n=20), în restul cazurilor – pe artera femurală profundă. Patologii concomitente au fost: hipertensiune arterială – 87,1%, cardiopatie ischemică – 85,7%, boala pulmonară obstructivă cronică – 54,2%, fibrilație atrială – 52,8%, diabet zaharat tip II – 32,8%, boala cerebro-vasculară – 10%. Complicațiile perioperatorii au fost: tromboza bypass-ului în 3 cazuri, lezarea vezicii urinare în timpul tunelării – 1 caz, deces în perioada postoperatorie precoce – 1 caz. Concluzii. Bypass-urile crossover în poziție ilio-femurală reprezintă o alternativă a intervențiilor chirurgicale clasice de revascularizare la pacienți care nu pot fi supuși intervențiilor endovasculare sau unei intervenții abdominale majore din cauza patologiei cardio-respiratorii avansate, abdomen ostil, aortă de porțelan. Comparativ cu bypass-ul crossover femuro-femural se evită formarea tortuozităților nefiziologice și nu necesită expoziția bilaterală a regiunilor inghinale, ceea ce duce la diminuarea riscului apariției infecțiilor postoperatorii.

Practical implementation methods for parallel computations in the genetic algorithm for discrete optimization, using the example of calculating dimensional chains are considered. An approach for determining the boundary dimensions of population on the basis of probability calculating for independent random events is proposed.

The article gives an overview of the current comics industry in Russia and its roots. Specifically, it focuses on the Russian popular comics in the light of their production and promotion strategy. The author argues that certain features of the comics published by Bubble, a leading Russian comics producer, have been borrowed from their US counterparts. Thus, the Bubble superheroes take after American Action Comics of the golden age: the former have supernatural capacities inaccessible to common people or act under unique circumstances. Besides, Bubble has created a shared universe, i.e. a fictional world inhabited by the same characters, a model that was first developed in North American comics. The shared universe strategy allows Bubble to make all the superheroes part of the same plot called a crossover, which is an efficient way to revive interest to a specific superhero or even reissue an old series. Another way to attract audience borrowed from across the Atlantic is a graphic novel. However, if American colleagues use hard cover editions to demonstrate their confidence in the product, Russian publishers do it because a book has traditionally higher value than other printed matter within Russian culture. Yet, despite all the aforementioned borrowings, Bubble comics are rooted in Russian culture and represent Russian reality.

The researchers have conducted a comprehensive analysis of both the original material characteristics and the available information on phase-structural transformations during cooling, glass transition and crystallization of melts, with detailed tracking of their ordering with using the methods as synchrotron X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry measurements, and with the interpretation of data by molecular dynamic simulation and thermodynamic calculations.

The work objective is to study a critical traveling salesman problem which is NP complicated task of the discrete optimization. It is shown that only heuristics is appropriate in achieving this goal. The result of the ant colony algorithm (ACA) and genetic algorithm (GA) sharing is presented for the problem solution. The point is that the problem is solved using only mutations of various types (without crossover). The investigated GA is improved by the elitist strategy. The testing is done on graphs of the middle and large dimension. An “elite” sample obtained by the ACA is improved by a mean of 11%. It is shown that the efficiency of the genetic algorithm depends directly on the number of ants in the generation, and on the number of algorithm iterations. Target function values are improved more than twofold after the introduction of the elitist strategy. Increasing the number of ACA runs raises the efficiency of the algorithm by approximately 2%.

Feasibility of genetic search algorithms application for implementation of the cryptanalysis of block cipher methods is considered. A distinctive feature of the bioinspired cryptanalysis methods application (in particular, genetic methods) is the possibility of using the encryption (or decryption) algorithm as an objective function for the suitability evaluation of the key defined by genetic operations. Consequently, when using the bioinspired cryptanalysis methods, the S key definition (for example, when using type 2 cryptanalysis) depends not so much on the complexity of the ciphering transformations, as on the bioinspired method which is to provide a sufficient variety of key generation that shows the significance of the research task of the bioinspired algorithms feasibility (in particular, genetic search methods) for the block cryptosystem cryptanalysis. It is noted also that as the distinctive feature of both block cipher methods, and the genetic algorithms is their internal parallelism, then the task of developing a cryptanalysis algorithm based on the parallel implementation of the constituent stages is relevant. An algorithm of the block methods cryptanalysis on the example of the DES standard on the basis of its parallel version is offered; the experiment results of the quasioptimal key determination obtained at the parallel algorithm implementation on the 8-letter text blocks are given. It is noted that time costs of the algorithm realization do not exceed the time of the known cryptanalysis implementation.

Experimental genetic studies of Drosophila were initiated by T.H. Morgan in 1910, when he discovered the sex-linked white-eyed mutation, white. This discovery commenced the transformation of Mendel’s “hereditary factors” to more specific but no less enigmatic W.L. Johanssen’s “genes”. Owing to Drosophila’s biologic features, it became a universal eukaryotic model for genetic, embryological, morphological, physiological, molecular, and cellular studies. Actually, the history of discoveries done on Drosophila species reflects the course of genetics development. That was Drosophila studies to lay foundation for genetic notions of the nature of genes, genetic linkage, mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation, mechanisms governing mutagenesis and recombination, genetic instability, mobile genetic elements, regularities and genetics of individual development, and microevolutionary processes in populations. The paper considers steps and milestones of genetics development by examples of the American and Russian genetic schools. The American genetics was characterized by “reductionism”, whereas the Russian genetics was inclined to “cosmism”, where emphasis was placed on the understanding of macroevolutionary processes. Drosophila has become a test ground to try new genetic methods, and its studies contribute much to biomedical science. The paper outlines several top priority fields in modern Drosophila studies.

Aim: To systematize data on the prevalence of the combination of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using the Rome IIIIV Criteria., Materials and Methods: A search in electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane was conducted. The depth of search was 17 years (from January 2006 to May 2022). Original publications from peer-reviewed periodicals that applied the Rome IIIIV Criteria for diagnosis of FD and IBS in an adult patient population with detailed descriptive statistics to allow the resulting data to be included in the meta-analysis were selected for final analysis., Results: The final analysis included 38 studies involving 17,993 patients with FD and 15,883 patients with IBS. In the overall pool of studies using the Rome IIIIV Criteria, the pooled prevalence of FD in patients with IBS was 34.625% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.15941.390), and the pooled prevalence of IBS in patients with FD was 37.549% (95% [CI] 31.51143.787). A random-effects model was used in the analyses since significant heterogeneity between results was found (p0.0001; I298%). Using the Rome III Criteria, the pooled prevalence of FD in patients with IBS was 31.993% (95% CI 26.13538.150; I2=98.17%), while the prevalence of IBS in patients with FD was 34.694% (95% [CI] 29.31940.273; I2=97,89%). An analysis of papers using the Rome IV Criteria demonstrated that the pooled prevalence of FD in patients with IBS was 42.614% (95% CI 18.58868.675; I2=98.97%), and the prevalence of IBS in patients with FD was 50.444% (95% CI 37.95662.904; I2=94,39%)., Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of the combination of FD and IBS identified using the Rome IIIIV Criteria is high and is reported in approximately 1 in 3 patients with the functional gastrointestinal disorders concerned. The prevalence of a combination of FD and IBS identified using the Rome IV Criteria is at least 10% higher than that using the Rome III Criteria.