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It is obvious that any evolving scientific medical field is a dynamic system that cannot stay at the stage of accumulation of primary information, and inevitably goes to the stages of clinical trials, generalization of information in meta-analyses and completes the study by creation of practical guidelines. The purpose of this study was a quantitative analysis of publicly available data in the field of clinical immunology in Russia during 2008-2015, identifying the ratios of clinical trials, meta-analyses, and practical guidelines, as well as evaluating the results by comparison with other BRICS countries. Study design was performed by retrospective bibliometric methods. It is revealed, that, in Russia, 16 clinical trials, 3 meta-analyses and 1 practice guideline were issued per 1000 original journal articles. Accordingly in the People’s Republic of China this ratios have made 34/25/4; in Federal Republic of Brazil, 42/87/7; in Republic of India, 76/58/34, and in Republic of Southern Africa, 134/43/36. Moreover, we have obtained evidence which suggests optimistic prospectives for scientific clinical immunology in Russia.

The lecture presents current data, as well as authors’ view to the issue of immune system involvement into inflammation. General physiological principles of immune system functioning are considered in details. Immunological mechanisms of local inflammation and participation of immune system components are analyzed with regard of protective/adaptive reactions in inflammatory foci. Original formulations of basic concepts are presented from the viewpoint of pathophysiology, immunopathology and clinical immunology, as being applied to the issues discussed. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 6, pp 557-568)

Present lecture contains an author's opinion concerning diagnostic issues in immunopathology, including primary and secondary immune deficiencies, immune-dependent states that are based on immunopathological syndromes. Original formulations are suggested for some key categories of clinical immunology, physical, instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of immune deficiencies and immune-dependent diseases. The results of original long-term observations, as well as data on Sverdlovsk Regional Register of primary immune deficiencies are presented in the work.

Background: Brucellosis is acute zoonotic, multi-systemic infection caused by Brucella bacteria kind. Brucellosis is met everywhere on all continents of the world, especially in the countries where livestock sector is developed. Nowadays in spite of significant success in the struggle against brucellosis this infection is a social problem.Brucellosis has specific clinical manifestations during various age periods. Problems interrelated with the study of the pathogenesis of brucellosis infection, particularly immune genesis, defining the progress and the outcome of the disease have great importance.Object of the research: to study peculiarities of the progress of acute brucellosis in children taking into account clinical-immunologic data.Materials and methods of the research: the research was based on the results of examinations of 23 children from 3 to 14 years old with brucellosis mostly living in endemic foci of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The diagnosis was defined based on epidemiologic anamnesis, clinical symptoms and laboratory data. All examined children got the analysis of detailed blood immunogramm. The corresponding data of 20 healthy children served to be controlling ones.Results and discussion: The analysis of epidemiologic anamnesis showed, that 78.3% of the examined patients with brucellosis were villagers keeping sheep, goats and cattle. In 73.9% cases source of infection was sheep and goats, 8.7% - cattle, and in 17.4% cases we could observe mixed type of infection.78% of patients applied to hospital during prodromal period. Main complaints were weakness, frustration, headache, fatigue, bad appetite. These symptoms lasted not more than 3-5 days, after which there were symptoms of intoxication of organism with the rise of cardinal symptoms such as fever with chill (100%), arthalgia (69%), slight sweating (70%), hepato-lienal syndrome (68%). 32.9% of patients had tachycardia. Objective visual examination showed enlargement of lymphatic nodes (submaxillary, inguinal and axillary) in 73.8% of children with brucellosis. That category of children had lymphatic nodes of average consistence, painless, from pea to a bean size. 79.1% of patients had mild hypo chrome anemia. 65% of patients had acceleration of erythrocytes sedimentation rate of various degrees. On the part of white cells of blood 43.5% patients had explicit leukopenia and 21.7% - moderate one. 30.5% of patients had normal number of leukocytes. Leukocytosis was observed in 4.3% of children with acute brucellosis.Patients with acute brucellosis had misbalance of cell-mediated and humoral immunities characterized by the decrease of T-cell and B-cell values of immunity accompanied by the activation of immunoglobulins (А, М, G).In cases of acute brucellosis together with combined immune deficiency children had significant disorders of cytokines regulation displayed in statistic increase of pro- (IL-1β, IL-6) and counter inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), and reliable decrease of γ-interferons proving development of inflammatory process., Приведены результаты обследования 23 детей в возрасте до 14 лет, больных острым бруцеллезом и проживающих в эндемичном регионе Республики Узбекистан. Клиническая картина острого бруцеллеза: сегодня заболевание сохраняет характерный симптомокомплекс, позволяющий диагностировать бруцеллезную инфекцию и проводить дифференциальный диагноз. Иммунологический статусдетей с острым бруцеллезом характеризуется дисбалансом клеточного и гуморального иммунитета: происходит снижение показателей Т- и В-клеточного звена иммунитета, сопровождающееся активацией иммуноглобулинов (А, М, G), существенными нарушениями цитокиновой регуляции в виде статистически значимого повышения про- (IL-1β, IL-6) и противовоспалительных цитокинов (IL-4, IL-10), а также достоверное снижение γ-интерферонов, что свидетельствует о развитии воспалительного процесса., Наведено результати обстеження 23 дітей віком до 14 років, які хворі на гострий бруцельоз і мешкають в ендемічному регіоні Республіки Узбекистан. Клінічна картина гострого бруцельозу нині зберігає характерний симптомокомплекс, що дозволяє діагностувати бруцельозну інфекцію і виконувати диференційний діагноз. Імунологічний статус дітей, які хворі на гострий бруцельоз, характеризується дисбалансом клітинного та гуморального імунітету: відбувається зниження показників Т- і В-клітинної ланки імунітету, що супроводжується активацією імуноглобулінів (А, М, G) й істотними порушеннями цитокінової регуляції у вигляді статистично значущого підвищення про- (IL-1β, IL-6) і протизапальних цитокінів (IL-4, IL-10), а також достовірне зниження γ-інтерферонів, що свідчить про розвиток запального процесу.