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Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the standard of care for patients with highrisk acute leukemia. Cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells for patients who need transplantation but do not have a related donor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the characteristics of leukocyte pool (cellular composition, immunophenotype) of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell concentrates, which were harvested for public long-term cryostorage for the needs of transplantology. A study of 1096 samples of umbilical cord blood of full-term newborns before and after processing [isolation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) concentrate] was carried out. The number of cells in the pooled concentrate of HSC at a volume of 25 mL, after long-term cryostorage was as follows: leukocytes, 17.41±0.36 × 108; HSCs with CD34+ immunophenotype, 5.25±3.6 × 106; natural killer cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), 1.65+0.7 × 108. Analysis of the NKT cell population revealed 6.22±2.1% of cells with CD3+CD16/CD56+ immunophenotype. The contents of CD3+CD56+ cells was 2.69±2.4%, the relative amount of CD3+CD16+ was 2.53±1.2%. In the pooled NKT cell preparations, 5.15±2.1% of CD56+CD16 cells were detected, and two minor subpopulations were also identified, which differ in CD56 and CD16 antigen expression: the level of CD56-CD16+ was 2.91±1.2%, and the ratio of CD56+CD16+ cells was 0.69±0.3%. The obtained data on relative amounts and characteristics of cellular immunophenotype as well as the heterogeneity of the NK and NKT cell population in the HSC UCB concentrate, subjected to long-term cryostorage must be taken into account when selecting the HSC UCB concentrates for the purpose of transplantation in oncohematological diseases.

Background. The using of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) composition data is of increasing interest in clinical practice to select an optimal donor for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of hematologic malignancies to reduce graft versus host disease and the risk of relapse. It is also of interest to study the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes in different populations. For the Russian Federation, KIR gene and genotype frequencies have been described for only a few relatively small samples and have not been fully studied. The study of KIR gene and genotype frequencies has not been conducted for the Samara region population to date.Aim. To study the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes in the population of Samara region and to compare the data with previously described Russian populations.Materials and methods. To study the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes, molecular genetic typing of 142 CBUs from the public cord blood bank of the Samara Regional Medical Centre “Dynasty” was performed. Molecular genetic typing of KIR genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers with subsequent visualization of products in agarose gel. 16 KIR genes and pseudogenes were analyzed: 2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, 3DL1, 3DL2, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 3DS1, 2DP1, 3DL3, 2DL4, 2DL5, 3DP1. KIR gene frequencies were determined by direct counting. Genotypes were determined using Allele Frequencies database. A determination B-content group was performed using the Donor KIR B-content group calculator. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test.Results. The highest frequency of KIR inhibitory genes was found for KIR2DL1 (98.6 %), KIR3DL1 (98.6 %), KIR2DL3 (96.5 %), KIR2DL5 (46.5 %), and KIR2DL2 (34.5 %). The most frequent among the activating receptor genes was KIR2DS4 (89.4 %), the frequencies of other KIR activating genes were KIR2DS2 – 45.1 %, KIR2DS1 – 35.9 %, KIR2DS3 33.8 %, and KIR2DS5 – 26.1 %. Comparative analysis of KIR gene frequencies in the population of Samara region and other Russian populations revealed certain differences. Significant differences in the frequencies of occurrence were found for KIR2DL3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5, as well as KIR2DP1 and KIR3DP1. Examination of 142 samples revealed 45 different genotypes: AA genotypes were detected in 30 % and Bx genotypes in 70 % of cases. AA genotype ID195 with a frequency of 5.6 % was detected, which has not been previously described in Russian populations. Among the Samara region population sample, only 3.5 % had the “best” status, 20.4 % had the “better” status, and 76.1 % had the “neutral” status of the B-content.Conclusion. The results obtained in this sample on the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes differ from the previously published data for the Russian Federation. Of interest is the finding of a greater diversity of genotypes among a rather small study group, the detection of an atypical ID195 genotype, and the difference in the representation of B-content groups. The analysis of KIR genotypes in the population of Samara region can be used in the selection of optimal CBU and hematopoietic cell/bone marrow donors in addition to HLA typing. Studying the frequency distribution of KIR and HLA genes and genotypes can play a role in the study of fundamental aspects of human immunology and population genetics.

Cord blood cell composition is a short-lasting delivery stress consequence and is similar on adult G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood.G-CSF realizes biological effect by number of secondary messengers, many of which are also natural effectors of stress. In this research comparative characteristics of cell composition, including lymphocytes subpopulations, CD34+ and CD133+ cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells colony-forming activity and mobilizing cytokines concentration (IL-8, MMP-2, MMP-9), between term newborns cord blood and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood is shown.Mobilized cytokines concentration ratio in combination with CD34+ cells count in cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood suggests that delivery stress possibly is not single cause of cord blood features.

This review focuses on the biological aspects of the use of cord blood as a valuable source of cells. The distinctive features of hematopoietic stem cells, cells of the immune system, mesenchymal stem cells are described. The analysis of the results of clinical research and development of therapeutic approaches using cord blood cells and umbilical cord for the treatment of various diseases has been carried out.Currently, the target area of cord blood research is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as cellular immunotherapy of tumor diseases, treatment of neurological diseases and regenerative medicine.

Development of new and improvement of existing models of long-term cultivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and cord blood progenitor cells is one of the most important directions in modern cell biology, related to obtaining a sufficient amount of hematopoietic tissue for experimental and clinical use. The aim of the work was to investigate the functional activity of hematopoietic progenitor cells from cord blood during long-term cultivation on a soft polyacrylamide gel substrate in the presence of a cytokine complex and to determine the advantages of this method of maintaining hematopoiesis for further use in transplantation. To realize this purpose, the following methods were used: the method of long-term cultivation in vitro on a hydrogel substrate, the method of colony formation in semi-liquid agar, cytological research methods, light and inverted microscopy, statistical research methods. Due to the use of the hydrogel substrate together with the cytokine complex, a high proliferative activity of hematopoietic cells is observed, which is reflected in their expansion during long-term cultivation (5 weeks), as well as of high colony-forming activity (521.5 ± 7.5.105 per explanted cells). Thus, the stiffness of the substrate must be taken into account for the expansion of stem cells and their immediate descendants. The presence of a soft substrate made of polyacrylamide gel along with a complex of cytokines ensures the expansion of hematopoietic cells due to the longterm support of hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine / Problemy Kriobiologii i Kriomediciny is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine / Problemy Kriobiologii i Kriomediciny is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality of life of patients with trophic ulcers of venous etiology using the the Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ) was studied. To assess the quality of life of the patient, the questionnaire was conducted before the transplantation of cord blood stem cells, 1 and 6 months after surgery. Patients in group I had a higher assessment of quality of life, because the healing process of the ulcer was faster, the feeling of pain decreased and as a result the patient's psycho-emotional state improved. In addition, the surveyed 12 (85.7%) surveyed patients of group I noted that even with the preservation of some symptoms, their subjective manifestations were reduced and the feeling has improved. All this helped to improve the assessment of the quality of life of patients with trophic ulcers of the lower extremities, which were treated according to our proposed method.

Copyright of Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine / Problemy Kriobiologii i Kriomediciny is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine / Problemy Kriobiologii i Kriomediciny is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine / Problemy Kriobiologii i Kriomediciny is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Umbilical cord blood (CB) is now an attractive source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation in pediatric and adult patients with various malignant and non-malignant diseases. However, its clinical application is limited by low cells numbers in graft, which correlates with delayed engraftment, an extension of time to platelets and neutrophils recovery and increasing risk of infectious complications. Several strategies have been suggested to overcome this limitation, one of which is obtaining a sufficient number of hematopoietic progenitor cells by ex vivo expansion. Literature review about CB HSCs expansion in given article is presented.

This article provides an overview of research evolution of umbilical cord blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Phased developments of the technology of stem cells detection and selection, their proliferation, differentiation and function assessment using cultivation in vitro and in vivo in animal model was described. Differences of cord blood stem cells in comparison with those from other sources were described. The role of microenvironment for stem cells self-renewal and differentiation is shown. The possibility of stem cells biological properties modeling on example of using a vector based on HIV type 1 containing Notch genes, to regulate CD133+ and CD34+ cord blood stem cells proliferation is shown.

At the present time there is a hypothesis on the presence of congenital polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUA) and vitamin D metabolism disturbance, which plays its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). On the other hand, the maternal atopy may be considered as one of the important predictor for allergic diseases in children. However, does this factor influence on Th1/Th2 balance forming, cord blood vitamin D and PUA concentrations already on the moment of infants birth? We used flow cytometry and ELISE techniques to study IFN , IL-1 , IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF , TNF , IL-13, IL-18, IP-10, total IgE, vitamin D cord blood concentrations and mass spectrometry method to study the content of PUA in cord blood erythrocytes. These markers were studied in two newborns groups: the 1-st one is newborns from mothers without AD history (n=29) and 2-nd one is newborns from mothers with AD history (n=19). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. In neonates from mothers with presence AD history we found decreasing of IL-13, IL-18 cord blood concentrations and gamma-linolenic (GLA) acid percentage in cord blood erythrocytes. Thus, maternal history of AD may influence on IL-13, IL-18 and GLA production already on the moment of infant's birth which suggests genetic background and may be used as the early markers of AD predisposition.

Cord blood cell composition is a short-lasting delivery stress consequence and is similar on adult G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood. G-SCF realizes biological effect by number of secondary messengers, many of which are also natural effectors of stress. In this research comparative characteristics of cell composition, including lymphocytes subpopulations, CD34+ and CD133+ cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells colony-forming activity and mobilizing cytokines concentration (IL-8, MMP-2, MMP-9), between term newborns cord blood and G-SCF-mobilized peripheral blood is shown. Mobilized cytokines concentration ratio in combination with CD34+ cells count in cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood suggests that delivery stress possibly is not single cause of cord blood features.

The hypoxia is the powerful stressful factor, and, presumably, should result not only in rising of erythrocytes counts for the compensatory purpose, but also in rising of other blood cells number, as consequence of mobilization in the answer stress. In article the influence assessment of pregnancy and delivery features, acute and chronic fetal hypoxia on cord blood cell composition of the full-term newborns is shown. Increase of leucocytes count at elongation of the second period of delivery, presence of chronic prenatal hypoxia or acute hypoxia in delivery is revealed. Differences of cord blood cell composition depending on newborn gender and body weight which consist in higher leucocytes count (all subpopulations including hematopoietic stem cells) at boys and at higher body weight are shown. Differences according to gender and to body weight are independent from each other. It is shown, that boys worse adapt for delivery that is expressed in higher concentration of mobilization cytokines and higher leucocytes and hemopoietic progenitors count in cord blood. It is shown, that mobilization cytokine concentration (IL-8, G-CSF, MMP-9) in cord blood of full-term newborns statistically significantly above, than in peripheral blood of healthy donors. Thus IL-8, G-CSF, MMP-9 concentration higher at boys in comparison with girls; at normal delivery in comparison with delivery by planned cesarean sections and at acute fetal hypoxia.

The review considers the literature data on issues of cord blood (CB) banking in different countries and regions. The existing forms of banks are private, mixed and public, the latter is preferred by most clinicians who are experienced in stem cell transplantation. All the researchers admit the need for development of CB banks, but they note that the progress depends on several factors: the deficit of government financial support and poor people's awareness of the possibilities of stem cell therapy, the appropriateness and relevance of public resources of CB units in National Banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on morphometric indices of the vascular bed and brain substance of spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats, which can be considered as an evidence of the developing pathological brain aging processes in these animals, are presented in the work. Chronic alcohol intoxication aggravates the neurodegeneration, significantly reducing the indices of the neuroglial index, the number of functioning vessels and activating the LPO processes. Single intraperitoneal administration of cryopreserved human cord blood nucleated cells in a dose of (1-5)‧107/kg promoted the regeneration of neurocells, stimulation of angiogenesis and an increased level and quality of neurotissue metabolism, reducing the signs of dystrophic, destructive and pathologically altered compensatory adaptive processes in the rat's brain as a result of the restoration of its microhemocirculation and cytoarchitecture.