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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neutrophils and their antimicrobial factors, hydrogen peroxide and defensin α, on the biofilm biomass, the viability of bacteria in the biofilm and the efficiency of conjugative transfer of the pOX38:Cm plasmid from the E. coli N4i pOX38:Cm strain into different E. coli strains (commensal К12 TG1 and uropathogenic DL82, R32 and R45). The biofilm of the recipient E. coli TG1 with the donor E. coli N4i pOX38:Cm increased when 10⁵ cells/ml of neutrophils were added compared to the control, while the biofilm biomass of the uropathogenic E. coli recipient strains DL82/E. coli R45 with the donor E. coli N4i pOX38:Cm decreased when 10⁶/10⁴–10⁶ cells/ml of neutrophils were added, respectively. The survival of recipient E. coli TG1 cells and transconjugants in the biofilm was, compared to the control, higher when 10⁴, 10⁵, 10⁶ cells/ml of neutrophils were added. The addition of 0.1 mM H₂O₂ increased biofilm formation of E. coli DL82 and E. coli R45, and addition of 0.5 mM H₂O₂ reduced biofilm formation of E. coli DL82, while 0.5 mM or 2.5 mM reduced the E. coli R45 bacterial biofilm biomass in the conjugative mixture. The frequency of the pOX38:Cm conjugative transfer was lower in the presence of 2.5 mM H₂O₂ in the N4i pOX38:Cm × DL82 biofilm, and also in the presence of 0.5 and 2.5 mM H₂O₂ in the N4i pOX38:Cm × R45 biofilm, compared to the control. The frequency of pOX38:Cm conjugation from the donor E. coli N4i pOX38:Cm into E. coli DL82 decreased, when 5 or 25 ng/ml defensin α were added and the conjugation frequency in the mating mixture N4i pOX38:Cm×R45 decreased, when 5 ng/ml were added, while, when 25 ng/ml of defensin α were added it increased.

The article is dedicated to the research approach of аcademician S. S. Averintsev, which is widely discussed in modern humanitarian science. Averintsev’s “method” is one of the problems in modern theory and history of culture. In this article it is considered basing on the principles of his approach outlined by famous modern scientists. Averintsev’s “method” is one of the problems in modern theory and history of culture. In this article it is considered basing on the principles of Averintsev’s approach outlined by famous modern scientists. The purpose of the article is to consider a symbol, the central concept of Averintsev, the interpretation of which, according to the scientist, is the main aim of a humanitarian researcher. The research methods used in the article are: comparative — so that to identify the peculiarities of understanding the symbol relative to other concepts (for example, Paul Tillich); contextual — to define disciplinary boundaries (or their absence) of the concept symbol; theological — to identify the doctrinal foundations of Averintsev’s definitions; structural-practical — to show the effectiveness of Averintsev’s approach and the correspondence of the methodological vector given by him to the specific study of one of the basic symbols of Russian spiritual culture — Sophia the Wisdom. The concept of a symbol in Averintsev’s representations turns out to be not just a universal unit of aesthetics, but also a method of Christian thinking that expresses its dogmatic basis. The essence of the phenomenon of the “symbol” turns out to be the “conjugation” of the material and the otherworldly in the image of God’s descent into the world, that is, it corresponds to the Chalcedonian dogma. The composition and structure of the symbol, thus, sets a methodological and ethical norm for the humanitarian, philologist, culturologist, philosopher or theologian. As an illustration, the article provides an analysis of the article by S. S. Averintsev “To clarify the meaning of the inscription over the konha of the central apse of Sofia of Kyiv”, which shows the relevance and fruitfulness of Averintsev’s symbolology.

The presence of several interconnected electrochemical processes occurring on the surface of an electrode, strictly speaking, does not allow the use of the principle of independent reactions. Often, partial reactions of a complex multi-stage electrochemical process are coupled both through common intermediates and through the competitive adsorption of electroactive species. The presence of conjugation leads either to a change in the potential at which the corresponding electrochemical process becomes possible or to a change in the rate of partial processes. The latter is called kinetic coupling. This does not allow the simple calculation of the rate of each partial reaction as the difference between the current density of the target and background processes. The method of kinetic diagrams can be used to establish the kinetic patterns of such processes. This study shows that this method is applicable not only for the analysis of coupled electrochemical processes of various types, but can also be used in obtaining partial currents of the stages of a separate complex electrode reaction occurring in a background solution. As an example, options for the kinetic modelling of the total voltammogram of the anodic process on an Au electrode in an aqueous alkaline medium in the mode of linear potential change are considered. The stationary degrees of covering of the gold surface with various surface-active forms of oxygen are calculated depending on the electrode potential. It was established that the change in concentration of ОН- ions mainly affects the region of their adsorption potentials. A detailed analysis of stationary partial anodic processes in the Au|OH-,H2O system was carried out and the shape of the general stationary voltammogram was determined by calculation. The latter is in qualitative agreement with the experimental polarization dependence. It was shown that the type of calculated polarization dependence is determined by the degree of reversibility of individual stages and the rate of their occurrence. The performed analysis is necessary not only for the detailed scheme of the background anodic reaction on gold in an alkaline solution, but also for the ubsequent kinetic description of the electrooxidation process of organic substances on a gold electrode

The paper elaborates the principally new variant of finite element method in application to plate problem. It differs from classical FEM approach by, at least, three points. First, it uses the strong differential formulation rather than the weak one and suppose the approximate analytical solution of all differential equations. Second, it explicitly uses all geometrical and physical parameters in the procedure of solution, rather than some chosen ones, for example, displacement and angles of rotation as usually done in FEM formulation. Third, the conjugation between adjacent elements occurs between the adjacent sections rather than in polygon vertexes. These conditions require the continuity of displacements, angles, moments and forces. Each side of rectangular elements is characterized by 6 main parameters, so, at whole there are 24 parameters for each rectangular element. The right and upper sides’ parameters are considered as output ones, and they are related with lower and left sides ones by matrix equations, which allows to apply transfer matrix method for the compilation of the resulting system of equations for the whole plate. The numerical examples for the thin-walled and Mindlin plates show the high efficiency and accuracy of the method.

This article is devoted to the classification of the verb forms of the Russian language. The article presents inflectional categories in the form of classes, subclasses and groups, on the basis of which the system of the Russian verb can be demonstrated. The question of the process of verbal inflection (derivation of word-forms, paradigm, conjugation) is also touched upon. The article presents two ways of classification of the Russian verb. V.V. Vinogradov defines productive classes and unproductive groups, more precisely, he distinguishes 5 productive classes and 17 unproductive groups. It should be noted that the last 6 unproductive groups acquire the character of isolation, therefore, basically, they can be considered a transitional link in the direction of already completely isolated verbs, which are listed separately. The group of authors of "Russian grammar" edited by N.Yu. Shvedova presents the system of the Russian verb in the form of 10 inflectional classes, the main classification criterion of which is a strict ratio of the foundations of the past and present tense. Isolated verbs also stand out separately. Complex classification emphasize the meaning of the verb as the central part of speech, which entails a wide range of numerous forms and the relatively great difficulty of a uniform classification.

From the perspective of the theory of lexicographic functions, this paper analyses in a metalexicographic manner the system of processing inflection data on the verbs of the Serbian language in M. Benson’s SerboCroatian-English Dictionary (BENSON 1993). The processing system is perceived through the prism of the needs of users whose native language is not Serbian in three situations: reception, production (which includes translation situations) and the situation in which the dictionary is used for gaining knowledge on verb inflection in the Serbian language. In the analysis of the dictionary, it has been noted that the processing system is made up of four lexicographic methods: 1) inflected forms of the verbs with a suppletive present base form and apophony in that base compared to the infinitive base form were included as headwords of particular dictionary entries with cross-references to the infinitive, but this was not done systematically and consistently; 2) as for the thematic verbs which are included in 36 separate accentual-conjugation types, type marks were provided with the verb, with cross-references to the introductory pages of the dictionary, where those marks were textually interpreted; 3) as for the thematic verbs which are not included in the aforementioned types, as well as all athematic verbs, inflection data were listed in the grammar section immediately after the headword; 4) for a smaller number of verbs, the model verb from which the inflection data should be analogically derived is listed in the dictionary entry itself. However, if a sound change in the present tense appears in verbs to which the third and fourth lexicographic method was applied, then a partial paradigm of the present tense in its full or shortened form was provided before the cross-reference to the typical verb in the form of a mark or a specific verb. The analysis showed that the first aforementioned lexicographic method meets the reception-related needs of the users of Benson’s dictionary. However, considering that it was not consistently applied, it does not satisfy those needs in all cases. The remaining three methods completely meet production-related needs, but it remains uncertain whether the applied methods are clear to the average user and, if so, to what extent. Therefore, the paper also offers a simplified version of Benson’s system of processing verb inflection, which would be more harmonized with the users’ needs. However, Benson’s dictionary cannot serve as a handbook for gaining knowledge on verb inflection in the Serbian language, because the introductory pages and the grammatical appendix neither offer the rules on the formation of verb forms nor include complete paradigms of basic inflection types. The results of the analysis in the conclusion are applied to the draft of a new, proposed, French-Serbian dictionary, which additionally points to the advantages and shortcomings of applied lexicographic methods.

The article is devoted to the problems of qualification of hijacking of an aircraft, a sea-going ship, or a railway train, provided for by Art. 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Despite the fact that Art. 211 has been present in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation since its adoption, it should be noted that there is a lack of theoretical research on its analysis, as well as the existence in court practice of the difficulties of applying this norm (in addition, Federal Law No. 130 of May 5, 2014 -FZ in Art. 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation a new Part 4 was introduced, providing for liability for the combination of hijacking of a ship of air or water transport or railway rolling stock with a terrorist act or other terrorist second activity that, in the absence of specific explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court, has created additional challenges for law-qualification). This determines the relevance of the chosen topic. Analyzing the current legislation, the provisions of the Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2008 No. 25 “On judicial practice in cases of crimes related to violation of the rules of the road and the operation of vehicles, as well as their unlawful seizure without the purpose of theft”, scientific positions and court decisions on these issues, the author comes to the following conclusions that seem interesting for theory and practice. Small boats of water transport relate to the subject of hijacking of a ship of air or water transport or railway rolling stock, and the commission of a crime under Part 4 of Art. 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and the associated terrorist act, requires qualification in the aggregate of Part 4 of Art. 211 and Art. 205 of the Criminal Code. Military aircraft and boats, submarines, etc.) are also the subject of a crime under Art. 211 of the Criminal Code. The of hijacking of an aircraft, a sea-going ship, or a railway train, as well as the seizure of such a ship or train for the purpose of hijacking, associated with the murder, assault on the life of a law enforcement officer, person conducting justice or preliminary investigation, a state or public figure are qualified in the aggregate of Art. 211 and Art. 105, Art. 277, Art. 295, Art. 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. When of hijacking of an aircraft, a sea-going ship, or a railway train, as well as hijacking such a ship or train for the purpose of hijacking, committed with the use of violence dangerous to the life or health of the victim, or with the threat of such violence, in addition to item “c” of Part 2 of Art. 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of additional qualification in parts 1, 2 of Art. 111, Art. 112, Art. 115, Art. 117, Art. 119 of the Criminal Code is not required. The of hijacking of an aircraft, a sea-going ship, or a railway train is often fraught with violation of the traffic safety rules and operation of the relevant transport provided for in Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: the deed is covered by Art. 211 of the Criminal Code, if the violation specified in Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation expressed itself in theft; if not, qualification is possible in the aggregate of art. 211,263 of the Criminal Code.

Aim. Detection of SXT elements in cholera vibrios O1 and nonO1/nonO139 serogroups and study of the effectiveness of their conjugative transmission to Escherichia coli cells.Materials and methods. In conjugation experiments, Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor (3) and V. cholerae nonO1/ nonO139 (3) strains were used as donors. Donor strains, recipients, and transconjugants were tested in realtime PCR for sensitivity to antibiotics and for the presence of drug resistance genes and integrase gene (int). Electrophoresis was carried out on a 0.7% agarose gel with ethidium bromide staining.Results. Resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin was transmitted in conjugation experiments with a frequency of 2.1 × 10–9–7.1 × 10–9. The genes int and dfrA1 (resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) were found in most V. cholerae strains, and were stably transmitted to E. coli QD Rif r cells and in reverse crosses of V. cholerae O1 El Tor 5879 Nalr .Conclusion. The detection of the SXT element in V. cholerae strains and its successful horizontal transfer emphasize the need to detect such mobile genetic elements to control the spread of antibiotic resistance in V. cholerae.

A method has been developed for calculating the parameters for assembling parts based on the creation of real models of their surfaces. For the construction of actual models, a special method for analyzing the measured surfaces and a software application were developed. Measurement analysis includes smoothing outliers, ordering the grid of points on the surfaces, and additional mathematical referencing. The assembly process is modeled in the ANSYS. The results of calculations for the assembly of two parts joined at their flat surfaces by means of a bolted joint are given. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out. It showed the possibility of using the developed methodology for predicting the parameters of gas turbine engine assembly units. The line of further research related to the study of the relationship between assembly parameters and influencing factors has been determined.

Введение. Необходимость формирования грамматических навыков, связанных с грамотным построением высказывания, определяет коммуникативно-деятельностный подход в обучении русскому языку как иностранному. В большинстве случаев именно предикат представляет собой ядро минимальной синтаксической единицы – словосочетания, которое в свою очередь служит для построения основной коммуникативной единицы речи – предложения. Следовательно, изучение грамматических форм глагола как части речи играет очень важную роль уже на начальном этапе обучения русскому языку как иностранному. Цель статьи ‒ систематизация теоретических сведений и закономерностей изучаемого языкового явления и создание системы упражнений, направленных на осознание лингвистических основ и автоматизацию навыка образования глагольных форм категории настоящего времени. Материал и методы. Методологической базой работы служит концепция интенсивного обучения иностранным языкам, основанная на коммуникативно-деятельностном подходе и принципах общей дидактики. В центре исследования – сравнительный анализ способов подачи теоретического и дидактического материала при формировании грамматических навыков на начальном этапе обучения русскому языку как иностранному, а также качественный анализ результатов педагогической деятельности. Результаты и обсуждение. Для успешного формирования навыка грамотного употребления в речи глаголов необходимы не только минимальные теоретические сведения о распределении данной части речи по типам спряжения, но и знакомство с таким морфонологическим явлением русского языка, как исторические чередования конечных согласных звуков корневых морфем при образовании личных форм глаголов в настоящем времени. Анализ результатов исследования показывает, что в процессе обучения языку наиболее эффективным является практическое применение теоретических знаний вследствие их осознанного усвоения, которое способствует развитию устойчивого навыка воспроизведения заложенной на понятийной основе информации, необходимой для решения конкретных коммуникативных задач. Результатом исследования данного вопроса и педагогического опыта является создание сводных таблиц, обеспечивающих реализацию общедидактического принципа наглядности при изучении нового материала и способствующих систематизации теоретических знаний, а также конкретные упражнения, которые могут найти практическое применение как при формировании умения создавать парадигму настоящего времени, так и при автоматизации навыков правильного употребления в речи глагольных словоформ. Заключение. Одним из актуальных вопросов в методике преподавания русского языка как иностранного является образование личных форм глаголов настоящего времени. Таким образом, особую практическую значимость имеет система языковых и речевых упражнений, которая основана на общедидактических принципах с учетом лингвистических явлений, обусловленных историей развития языка, и может быть использована на начальном этапе обучения.

This article is devoted to analysis of the current state and prospects of development of the relationships of two integration structures: the Eurasian economic Union (EEU) and the European Union (EU). The article focuses on the evolution of the concept of the Greater Europe; the author analyzes the main stages of development of the bilateral relations of the EU with the countries-members of the EEU. The author notes that in spite of the fact that in the current geopolitical conditions a dialogue between the EU and the EEU is difficult , there is an objective necessity to establish close relations between two blocks due to historical and geographical and the current geopolitical and geo-economic factors. However, nowadays the possibility of the convergence of these two integration projects can be realized within the traditional paradigm of «the Greater Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostok», but as a part of the «the Greater Eurasia from Lisbon to Shanghai».

Method of quantitative evaluation of the immature germ cells, their pathology in mitosis and meiosis (in semen, embryo and fetal ovaries, of gonad biopsies or fragments of sectioned material) is informative method and should be introduced into the clinical practice in andrology and gynecology and fundamental research. Quantitative analysis of mitosis and female meiosis development was initiated on experimental animals and fetal gonads from spontaneous or therapeutic abortions.

Using quantum-chemical calculations carried out for interpretation of the experimentally discovered reactivity of 1-hetero-1,3-dienes that are mono- and bidentally coordinated with the transition metal core, we have revealed that the difference in hydrophosphorylation directions of the free organic molecule and the same molecule involved in the coordination sphere of the transition metal can be explained by either weakening or complete loss of conjugation between the C=C and C=X fragments as a result of coordination. In the case of monodentate coordination of heterodiene with the transition metal according to the eta(2)(C,C)-type, the conjugation weakening is suggested to be maximum for the transition metal characterized by the minimum electronegativity, which predetermines the increased contribution of the metalcyclopropane resonance structure into the general bonding mode. Organometallic compounds having the heterodiene ligand bidentally coordinated demonstrate the conjugation weakening parallel to the metal radius.

This paper analyzes the importance of the linguo-geographical position for the formation of the Sirinić dialectal type of Šara Mountain, which belongs to a wider area of Prizren-South Morava speeches. This linguistic area also comprises similar speeches in use in the basins of Metohija and Kosovo, in the north of Macedonia and in Donji Polog. The most important thing in the formation of the Sirinić speech is its geographical position in Šara Mountain, an area covered in pastures, where many shepherds of different dialectal and linguistic backgrounds have converged. Although situated in the Prizren-South Morava speech complex, regions around Sirinić are dialectally differentiated into two parts according to linguistic features: the northern Metohija-Kosovo part and the southern part, situated around Polog, northern Macedonia, which is heavily influenced by the Macedonian language (/t’ and d’/ became /k’ and g’/, respectively, the declension is almost purely analytic, articles have been developed). The effect of this differentiation is the formation of the Sirinić vernacular as an idiom whose prosody and phonology reflect the former close contact with the speeches in use in the north of Macedonia, especially with the speech used in Skopska Crna Gora, while the overall system of morphological features is closely related to the speeches of Metohija and Kosovo, which have a very similar morphological system - the best preserved inflection in the Prizren-Timok dialectal area, total development of verb forms, and a number of morphosyntactic features - thus being a unique sub-dialect of the Prizren-South Morava speech. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 178020: Dijalektološka istraživanja srpskog jezičkog prostora]

The article is concerned with determining the peculiarities of the organizational-functional structure of the GATT/WTO and its conjugation with the system of international institutions. The World Trade Organization is a contemporary institutional form of trade-economic globalization. It has established the «rules of the game», which regulate 97% of trade-economic relations. However, the GATT/WTO does not exclusively determinate the institutional environment of the multilateral trading system. All the features in terms of conjugation of international institutions are of importance. «Rules of the game» are transformed into «behavior patterns» only when there are effective levers of coercion, i.e. organizational component of all these institutions. The organizational-institutional nature of the WTO provides the dual essence of the multilateral trading system. And the first step to reforming any sphere always begins with an awareness of all the features of its current status. The article considers the dual structure of the WTO as an organization-institution, which is the main provider of the rules of the game in terms of international trade, as well as the system of international institutions and conjugation within it.

The aim the study. In the taiga zone of Western Siberia geochemically conjugated marsh landscapes associated with migratory flows of surface and soil-groundwater are spread. The aim of the work is to study the distribution of a group of elements in a peat deposit of two geochemically conjugated bogs occupying a watershed and a terrace within a common interfluve. Relevance. The data on distribution of elements in geochemically conjugated pools of bogs allow us to relate the conditions of peat accumulation (relief, composition of sedimentary interfluves, vegetation cover, water-mineral regime) to migration of mineral compounds in marsh landscapes of the interfluve. The information obtained is relevant in environmental applications. It can be used to assess the reservoir of a low-lying terraced swamp as a geochemical barrier in protection of river waters from man-made pollution. Research methods. The work included peat sampling on two geochemically conjugated peat bogs (Chistoe and Klyukvennoe) and analysis of samples for the content of ash-forming elements and trace elements. On each swamp, five technological samples were selected, in which the content of Ca, Fe, Co, La, Sc, Ce, Th, Br was determined using the instrumental neutron activation analysis. In addition, the content of Mn is determined by a bulk method with a photocolorimetric termination. Results. It is established that the ash content in peat bog Klyukvennoe is 3,8 times higher than in the peat of Chistoe. The contribution of different elements to mineralization of the peat deposit of Klyukvennoe bog is significantly different. The greatest increase (in 8-10 times) is revealed in Fe and Mn. The average growth rates (4,5-5 times) were noted in Sc, Co. The minimum values of growth (2-3 times) were recorded in Ca, Ce, Th, La, Br. Conclusions. Peat deposit mineralization at Klyukvennoe bog is associated with removal of iron, manganese and other elements during interfluve slope swamping and their subsequent accumulation in Klyukvennoe bog.

Collecting consistent and standardized features, standard language, person affixes is collected in three separate categories: Person suffixes Origin of Person pronoun, person suffixes origin of possessive suffixes, order affixes. Which mode is standard and the shape of the language system in which receivables as a person affixes, institutionalized, local says are there are groups in the dialects. Mentioned in the institutionalized structure of Turkey Turkish person suffixes should be added to their dialects. Adopted standard language, structure, particularly changes in many areas, including West Group shows Their dialects. Evaluation of all aspects of a language other dialects of that language in conjunction with standard language requires review. From this point, Turkey Turkish person affixes, and the accents of many multilingual feature is discussed as well. Still waiting for the investigation of different aspects of a particular regional dialects. To date, despite the person affixes to take place in Turkey Turkish dialects without affixes of action for the review on the use of one of the Cypriot Turkish dialects. The present review of Turkish Cypriot dialects, acting in their that focuses on the use of possessive suffixes and personal pronoun based person in the affixes to change their origin, in some cases reveals dual use.

per a recipient cell). pSa′ plasmid molds several topological shapes with variable electrophoretic mobility in E. coli C600, while in tularemia microbe, this plasmid has only one shape. After the transfer of the plasmid from E. coli cells into F. tularensis cells each individual clone of tularemia microbe possesses a plasmid which differs in its electrophoretic mobility from plasmids of other clones.