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Background. Distal radius fractures (DRF) are one of the most common injuries in the elderly population. Their incidence increases steadily, with epidemiologists predicting further growth. Despite its growing prevalence, the efficacy of surgical treatment for this pathology in elderly patients remains debatable. Aim — to determine the optimal method for treating distal radius fractures in the elderly population basing on a comparative analysis of the literature data on various treatment methods, including conservative and surgical ones. Methods. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases according to the following keywords, their derivatives and combinations in the titles and abstracts: treatment, distal radius fracture, elderly. Initial analysis for meeting the inclusion criteria was performed on the article titles and abstracts, followed by analysis of the full-text articles. The sources with unavailable full-text versions were excluded from the analysis. Results. Current epidemiological data were studied, specific aspects of physical examination of elderly patients with distal radius fractures were described, the main treatment methods were determined. The main treatment method remains the conservative one: closed reduction and immobilisation. Open reduction and internal fixation with a volar locking plate has become the leading surgical treatment method in recent decades, replacing such methods as closed reduction and fixation with wires or external fixation. At early follow-up, elderly patients operated on with volar locking plate show better functional results than those who received conservative treatment. However, at long-term follow-up, most studies show no significant differences in functional outcomes after surgical and conservative treatment, despite the differences in radiological data in favour of surgical treatment. Conclusion. For the majority of elderly patients, conservative treatment may be the optimal treatment option. Surgical intervention using a volar locking plate may be justified for certain groups of elderly patients, as this method may accelerate rehabilitation after injury.

A great number of casts for ingot making are to be found on the territory of the Perm region. In the Middle Ages copper was widely mined and alloyed for further use in brass and bronze objects here. The casts served as a standard form of metal for buying and selling. A certain cast is special. Found at the site of the Anuyshkar settlement dating back to the 9–15th centuries, it has been preserved almost entirely. The find contains 4 compartments for casting ingots of different size and, consequently, weight. The analysis showed that the cast was used for making brass ingots. Their weight was based on the ancient Sasanid measurement system with the drachme as the basic weight unit, which equals 4.26 grams. This ancient weight unit and its derivatives weighing 106 grams (25 mithqal) and 29.8 grams (7 mithqal) were adopted by craftsmen in the Kama region as early as in the 5–7th centuries at the time of active trade and economic contacts with the Sasanid Iran. The find suggests that there existed a sort of denomination system for metal ingots.

Modern sheep breeding should be based on the production of high quality sheep products. Knowing the limits of animal productivity potential allows to manage the breeding process in the most effective way. Applying PCR-RFLP method makes it possible to identify allelic variants of genes associated with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of animals. By identifying different polymorphic variations and their phenotypic manifestations, one can create and replenish a database for managing the genetic progression of breeding-significant traits. The paper determines the gene polymorphism of growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) of experimental animals and reflects an associative connection between the dynamics of growth and that of development of crossbred one-shear sheep of different origin (Russian meat merino ewes and imported producers). The article concludes that in order to increase sheep meat productivity, farms should give preference to animals carrying genes with the identified desired genotype on the studied polymorphisms and take into account their presence in the breeding process.

The article reports on the new technology and equipment of vertical‑stack molding (VSM), created by OJSC “BELNIILIT” for the manufacture of vertical‑stack molds. The development is intended for the production of molds and cast blanks of oil, which are later used for the manufacture of piston rings of internal combustion engines.The difference between the above‑mentioned technology and traditional methods of VSM is the use of models without drafts. The development is export‑oriented and has a great economic effect for ring manufacturers due to the absence of drafts on castings, since part of the mechanical operations for their processing is excluded, the metal consumption of blanks is reduced, the production spaces required in this regard are reduced, the necessary labor supply is reduced, etc.OJSC “BELNIILIT” has successfully carried out experimental design and technological work on the new scientific and technical products creation, which are of great interest to the world manufacturers of piston rings. An industrial sample of a molding machine and a mold manipulator were manufactured.

Aim. To study the polymorphism of the genes calpastatin (CAST), somatotropin (GH) and differential growth factor (GDF9) of sheep of the Dagestan mountain breed.Material and Methods. Studies on the genetic typing of Dagestan mountain sheep according to CAST, GH and GDF9 genes were carried out in conditions of distant pasture farming in the Republic of Dagestan by the Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of the Republic of Dagestan, an accredited laboratory of immunogenetics and DNA technologies of the All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding and a branch of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Centre. These investigations were undertaken by the PCR-RFLP method (polymyrase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) on a Tersik four-channel programmable thermal cycler from DNA-Technologia (Russia) using specific primers synthesized in the SYNTHOL research and production laboratory (Moscow).Results. Carrying out PCR-RFLP revealed breed-specific alleles with different frequency of occurrence, which was: in the locus of the CAST gene - allele CASTN - 0.03; allele CASTM - 0.97; at the GH gene locus - GHA allele - 100.0, GHB allele - 0; in the locus of the GDF9 gene - the GDF9A allele - 0.25, the GDF9G allele - 0.75, which determined the frequency of occurrence of the homo- and heterozygous genotypes: CASTNN, CASTMM and CASTNM - 93.0; 0 and 7.0%; GHAA, GHBB and GHAB - 100.0 and 0%; GDF9AA, GDF9GG and GDF9АG- 16.0, 66.0 and 19.0%, respectively.Conclusion. The regularity revealed can be considered as an ecological factor that optimizes the adaptive functions of the sheep's organism, on the one hand, an evolutionary selection process that contributes to the creation of a specific way of genetic structures in the population, on the other. The assumption is made that the information obtained can serve as the beginning of a more in-depth study of the unique gene pool of sheep of the Dagestan rock breed for its further improvement. Variants of genetic marker profiles of parental pairs are proposed for accumulation in breeding herds bred in different ecological-geographical zones and genotypes of carriers of selection-significant genetic structures.

The known theories and approaches explaining the nature of formation process of a metal penetration (burning-in) on a surface of steel and iron castings are described in the article. The methods and materials which are applied in antistick coatings and in the molding sand mixtures for prevention of defect formation is also given in the paper.

Статья посвящена описанию коллекции Музея колокольного звона в Новосибирске, а именно колоколов, составляющих музейную экспозицию «Церковные колокола Сибири». По каждому колоколу приведены историческая справка, особенности изготовления и сохранности внешнего вида, декоративный орнамент и наличие надписей. Большая часть описываемых колоколов поступили в музей в 2011-2012 годах. Колокола условно разделены на несколько групп, с целью разработки экспозиционного плана на современном этапе

Aim. To evaluate effectiveness of unloading immobilization bandages manufactured from Soft Cast and Scotchcast materials. Materials and methods. The study included all patients (n=39) with diabetic foot ulcers treated with the use of total-contact cast technology (TCC)from 01.10.2007 to 01.03.2009. 31 patients presented with neuropathic foot ulcers and 8 with neuroischemic ulcers (in the absence of critical foot ischemia).26 and 13 were managed using non-removable and removable casts respectively. All were given standard local treatment of ulcers, supplementedby antibacterial therapy in 20 patients. Results. Treatment resulted in the healing of ulcers in 31 (79%) patients during 40.5?32.9 days (M?SD) (median 27, min 7, max 11 days). In 28(72%) of them, healing required 12 weeks to complete. TCC had to be removed in 8 (21%) patients because of low efficiency or complications. Newulcers or abrasions related to the use of TCC developed in 10 patients but treatment was discontinued only in one of them. We distinguished a subgroupof 12 patients comparable in terms of major characteristics (plantar stage 1A and 2A neuropathic ulcers according to Texas University classification)and unloading method (non-removable cast throughout the treatment period) with patients included in earlier randomized studies. In this subgroup,healing of 100% ulcers was completed within 12 weeks (median 22 (13-74) days). Conclusion. 1. Efficiency of TCC in our practice is comparable with that in earlier publications. 2. The use of TCC is indicated not only for thetreatment of uninfected plantar neuropathic ulcers but also in some cases of neuroischemic and non-plantar ulcers. 3. Skin lesions from TCC is oflittle clinical significance and can be avoided by specialized education of the medical personnel involved in TCC manufacture.