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Considerations on state security [book review Państwo-polityka-bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne] Соображения о государственной безопасности [рецензия книги Państwo-polityka-bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne]

The article is devoted investigations the effects of foliar treatment complex fertilizers with chelates оn functional activity in tissues of roots in connection with redox potential of cells and kinetics of release of protons from the root cells, as well as enzymatic activity: catalase, peroxidase, ATPase in tissues of roots and grain productivity of plant winter wheat varieties Smuglanka. Study shows that non-leaf feeding complex fertilizers chelates Fiziozhivlin+P, Breksil Mix, Master 18.18.18 and Plantafol 5.15.45 regulates the metabolism of a plant, including affecting the functional capacity of the tissues of roots, as reflected in the increasing activity of redox potential of cells and inhibition of the kinetics of release of protons from the root cells. Increasing the ATPase activity of the root tissues indicates a growing share and maintaining active biosynthetic and regulatory of processes under the influence of chelated fertilizers, in particular, of biosynthesis of organic molecules, that associated with increased the biomass of wheat plants according from the data obtained. Determination of the activity of the antioxidant ferments: catalase and peroxidase showed increased activity of catalase (І.ІІ.І.6) under foliar fertilizer processing Fiziozhivlin+P and of peroxidase (І.ІІ.І.7) on 32 % in contrast of the control roots plants. Our studies have shown increase in grain productivity with by foliar treatment of chelate complex fertilizers: Fiziozhivlin+P, Breksil Mix, Master and Plantafol that increased by 5,9; 6,4; 6,0 and 5,1 t/ha, respectively. Thus, treatment of complex chelate fertilizer improves the functional activity of the tissues of roots, promoting the growth of their potential absorption capacity, supporting high plant energy balance of the body, promotes the resistance of wheat to the effects of pathogenic factors and eventually leads to an increase of grain productivity.

Background: Preventive vaccinations play a significant role in reducing the spread of infectious diseases. They mitigate the course of infectious diseases and limit the occurrence thereof. Thus, they allow maintaining the health security of citizens and are one of the activities that allow for effective population health management. However, even though vaccinations bring significant benefits to the population as a whole, the attitudes of individuals to them raise a number of controversies. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics and factors of patient attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive vaccinations based on the opinions of healthcare experts. The study was carried out in the framework of a project "The interdependence of lifestyle and attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive vaccinations", which finished in June 2023. Method: The research method was an in-depth telephone interview with experts who had previously studied the research problem and the results of quantitative research, and expressed individual opinions on the factors of patient attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccinations. The experts indicated various factors which, in their opinion, can influence patient willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. In the research process, four main factors were found: patient social environment and patient experience; patient knowledge and awareness, social impact (message of medical authorities and political decision makers), balance of benefits and risks. Results: The results obtained in the study and the conclusions drawn show the need for further, in-depth research in patient attitudes towards preventive vaccinations, not only COVID-19 vaccinations.

Health professionals in primary care teams need to know how to effectively encourage patients to change health behaviors to achieve treatment goals. Understanding the behavioral patterns and psychological underpinnings of making changes can help healthcare professionals deliver interventions with a higher success rate. The aim of the study was to assess the importance of behavior patterns in shaping patients' health attitudes and behaviors. There are three types of theoretical models that explain how health behaviors are initiated and changed: motivational, post-intentional, and multistage models. Motivation models describe the role of individual cognitive variables in the process of creating the intention to change behavior. Changing habits in the context of health promotion takes place by influencing the perception of patients. This can be achieved using the TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action), TBP (Theory of Planned Behavior) and HBM (Health Belief Model) models by convincing the public about susceptibility to a given disease, disseminating knowledge about effective methods of prevention and generating persuasion, support, admiration or recognition in society after positive behaviors such as smoking cessation or regular physical activity. Post-intentional models indicate factors that increase the chance of translating motivation into action. They commit the individual to a certain action when certain environmental circumstances are met, thus helping to translate the intention of the goal into action. Multi-stage models describe health behaviors as involving several separate stages. These theories are based on the assumption that people at different stages will behave differently, so the types of interventions and information needed to change behavior will vary depending on the stage they are at. Helping patients set realistic goals, such as moving to the next stage, can facilitate the change process. Effective behavioral interventions must be based on changing the approach of medical staff to the interpersonal process with the patient. This approach should be patient-centred and collaborative. Medical staff should assess the importance that the patient attaches to his health and the treatment process, and thus also the willingness and motivation to comply with the recommendations. Merely providing information will not guarantee a change in their behavior. Healthcare professionals should use active listening techniques (using open-ended questions, explanations, reflective and summarizing statements), should encourage patients to express concerns, and should be able to weigh the pros and cons of different treatment approaches.

Access to health care should be universal and equal regardless of health needs, socio-economic status and place of residence. Empirical research confirms, however, that there are differences in access to health care between people in urban and rural areas. The main challenges for the health care system in rural areas are staff shortages, greater distance from large hospitals, difficult access to specialist and preventive services, and lower effectiveness of emergency care. The aim of the study was to analyze practical solutions to improve the organization of care in POZ, taking into account the principles of coordinated care in rural areas. As part of this study, an attempt was made to present practical solutions that may help to improve the organization of care in primary health care in rural areas. It is worth emphasizing once again that effective and efficient care for the population must be consistent with the concept of care coordination. In addition, the work shows how important from the perspective of the development of medicine in rural areas can be the inclusion of teamwork, financial motivators, including the so-called 'Rural addition' and the impact of modern technologies based on self-care and remote monitoring of patients' health.

В статті дано опис експериментальної установки для дослідження опорів ґрунту заглибленню зуба розпушника, завдяки якій визначені дотичні та нормальні сили опорів ґрунту. Розглянуто взаємодію міцного ґрунту з робочим органом розпушника, зуб якого за допомогою гідроциліндра примусово заглиблюється в масив, таким чином збільшуючи швидкість самого заглиблення. Проведені експериментальні дослідження заглиблення зуба розпушника в ґрунт з різними швидкостями заглиблення, шляхом виконання серії різів на парафіні при заглибленні робочого органа. За результатами досліджень побудовані порівняльні графіки дотичних та нормальних сил опорів ґрунту наконечнику із різними швидкостями базової машини. Теоретично та експериментально доведено раціональність використання на розпушнику розробленої конструкції обладнання, що дозволяє збільшувати швидкість заглиблення зуба розпушника. Для забезпечення більшої величини заглиблення робочого органа запропоновано технічне рішення забезпечення збільшення швидкості пересування тільки робочого органа, незалежно від землерийної машини.

[18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology. Cancer cells create their own specific microenvironment to survive and grow. Specific tumor microenvironment contributes to cancer metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, even with sufficient oxygen availability, cancer cells choose anaerobic glycolysis. Cancer cells compensate less energy efficient process by increasing the intensity of anaerobic glycolysis. Tumor cells have a high rate of metabolism and because of this, they take up more of the radioactive glucose (FDG). This makes the tumor cells appear more visible than other areas on the PET scan pictures. This paper presents nucleophilic synthesis of the [18F] FDG marker and basics of tumor development which can affect the [18F] FDG biochemical significance. Reference was made to clinical images obtained in PET technology using the [18F] FDG radiopharmaceutical.

Static verification of a program source code correctness is an important element of software reliability. Formal verification of software programs involves proving that a program satisfies a formal specification of its behavior. Many languages use both static and dynamic type checking. With such approach, the static type checker verifies everything possible at compile time, and the dynamic one checks the remaining. The current state of the Jolie programming language includes a dynamic type system. Consequently, it allows avoidable run-time errors. A static type system for the language has been formally defined on paper but lacks an implementation yet. In this paper, we describe a prototype of Jolie Static Type Checker (JSTC), which employs a technique based on a SMT solver. We describe the theory behind and the implementation, and the process of static analysis. The article is published in the authors’ wording.

Introduction: One of the most important parameter in prostate cancer diagnostics is fast and accurate diagnosis. The important role plays finding cancer markers in blood but also advanced medical imaging systems technology, that allows for faster and more efficient objects projection. There are ongoing efforts to develop new multimodal imaging systems and find new PET radiopharmaceuticals. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is presentation of chosen information about dedicated PET systems in fusion with US and description of the most important PET radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer diagnosis that could confirm the meaning of new imaging technologies. Short description of state of knowledge: The most interesting recent scientific trends in prostate cancer medical imaging is presented in this work. Discussion is based on grant projects under realization. Potential clinical application problems were analyzed. The motivation of these projects was explained. Advantages and drawbacks of most recent radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer diagnosis was also discussed. Summation: New ideas in prostate cancer therapy are based on replacement the blind biopsy with guided biopsy in new meaning. Advanced medical imaging technology and application of new PET radiotracers in Poland (– the country with high ageing factor) may allow for cancer slowdown in early stage and minimize the treatment costs.

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence of tourism as means of outlook formation of a person. The following research methods were used in the paper: desk research analysis of the literature on the subject, Internet sources. Analysis of the collected material allowed the following conclusions: one of the factors influencing tourism development is the need to verify traditional understanding of tourism. According to the authors, ideological, cultural, humanistic, ethical, cognitive, ets. aspects of tourism should be emphasized. Taking this into account, we consider tourism as a factor influencing general worldview of man. In this regard, tourism gives reasons to perceive it from a philosophical perspective, including epistemological, social, axiological, spiritual and other aspects. When considering the phenomenon of tourism from a philosophical point of view, it should be emphasized that tourism promotes unification, communication and socialization as well as the spread of ethical values in a spirit of mutual understanding and respect.

Ryhluk Sergey, Myckan Bogdan, Grygus Igor. Одаренности юных гимнастов на этапе предварительной базовой подготовки = Morphofunctional performance of young sports talented gymnasts on the stage of preliminary basic training = Morfofunkcjonalne wyniki obdarzonych młodych gimnastyków sportowych na etapie wcześniejszego szkolenia podstawowego. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(1):117-124. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14094 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%281%29%3A117-124 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/529543 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14094 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.06.2014. Revised 18.01.2015. Accepted: 20.01.2015. МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СПОРТИВНОЙ ОДАРЕННОСТИ ЮНЫХ ГИМНАСТОВ НА ЭТАПЕ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ БАЗОВОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ Morphofunctional performance of young sports talented gymnasts on the stage of preliminary basic training Morfofunkcjonalne wyniki obdarzonych młodych gimnastyków sportowych na etapie wcześniejszego szkolenia podstawowego Sergey Ryhluk, Bogdan Myckan, Igor Grygus1 Сергей Рыхлюк, Богдан Мыцкан, Игорь Грыгус1 Precarpathian Vasyl Stefanyk National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine National University of water management and environmental use, Rivne, Ukraine1 Прикарпатский национальный университет имени Василия Стефаника, Ивано-Франковск Национальный университет водного хозяйства и природо пользования, Рівне1 Streszczenie. Artykuł poświęcony jest kwestii doboru sportowców na podstawie cech morfologicznych. Badane cechy morfologiczne i funkcjonalne, system oceny potencjału gimnastyków 12-13 lat na etapie przed szkolenia podstawowego. To pozwoliło określić indywidualnych cech młodych zawodników, aby dokonać obiektywnej opinii na temat ich potencjalne możliwości i dalszych osiągnięć w gimnastyce. Słowa kluczowe: morfofunkcjonalne wyniki, etap wcześniejszego szkolenia podstawowego, gimnastyka sportowa. Аннотация. Статья посвящена рассмотрению вопроса отбора спортсменов с учетом морфофункциональных особенностей. Исследовано морфологические и функциональные критерии, предложена система оценивания потенциальных возможностей гимнастов 12-13 лет на этапе предварительной базовой подготовки. Это позволило выявить индивидуальные особенности юных спортсменов, составить объективное мнение о их потенциальных возможностях и дальнейших достижениях в спортивной гимнастике. Ключевые слова: морфофункциональные показатели, этап предварительной базовой подготовки, спортивная гимнастика. Abstract. The article is devoted to consideration questions of sportsmen selection taking into account morpho-functional features. The morphological and functional criteria are selected and the estimation system of 12-13 aged young gymnasts potential possibilities being on the preliminary base preparation stage is offered. It gave possibility to expose the gymnasts individual features, make objective presentation in relation to their potential possibilities and subsequent achievements in sports gymnastic. Key words: morpho-functional indexes, stage of preliminary base preparation, sports gymnastic.

Стаття присвячена аналізові комплексу питань будови, функціонування і розвитку наукового знання, висвітлених у головних філософських працях видатного українського письменника, поета, політичного діяча і науковця Івана Яковича Франка (1856-1916). На основі досліджень його текстів, а також останніх публікацій представників різноманітних соціально-гуманітарних наук, представлена картина еволюції епістемологічних поглядів українського мислителя від позитивістської класифікації наук до зосередження уваги на структурі та несвідомих чинниках процесу людського пізнання. Відзначено оригінальність генетико-еволюційної епістемологічної концепції Івана Франка і перспективи подальших досліджень з даної теми

In the article influence SWOТ analysis is certain an author on forming of effective strategy of development for enterprises. Marketing and advertising strategies are also distin-Marketing and advertising strategies are also distin-distinguished. Development of strategy must begin from a situatioonal analysis, from exhaustive verification and research of all important internal and external factors, involved in this situation. Determination of strengths and weaknesses of this company, threats and possibilities enters here.В статье автором определено влияние SWOТ-анализа на формирование эффективной стратегии развития предприятий. Также выделены маркетинговая и рекламная стратегии. Разработка стратегии должна начинаться из ситуационного анализа, из полной проверки и исследования всех важных внутренних и внешних факторов, задействованных в данной ситуации. Сюда входит определение сильных и слабых сторон данной компании, угроз и возможностей.

Pantogam was used as a corrector of the side-effects of neuroleptic therapy. The adverse effects were assessed psychometrically with several scales. Attention was focused on the unwanted signs (pathological movements of different groups of muscles). Fifty patients were studied, 37 of them completed the treatment course. Pantogam was administered in dosage 750-3000 mg per day along with traditional and atypical neuroleptics. The drug was effective against the most prevalent side-effects. The mild sedative effect of pantogam, absence of negative influence on myocardial vessels and possibility of its combination with most pharmacological drugs make its possible to use the drug in patients of different age groups.

The project "Bipolar Educative Awareness Material (BEAM) included a questioning of 1732 patients with affective disorders from 11 European countries. In the present study, the results obtained in Russia are compared to total ones. Russian patients are featured by higher percentage of women and elderly as well as higher education level. The late age at disease onset and earlier diagnostics also were found. There was a significant difference in depression therapy: in most European countries antidepressant of last generation are used most frequently, however in Russia, standard neuroleptics and amitriptilin appear to be standard medications. This difference did not influence on a number of hospitalisations, which was the same both in Russian and BEAM groups. But significantly fewer patients questioned in Russia were satisfied with therapeutic efficacy. Besides, an extent of patient's involvement in public movements and educational programs in Russia was essentially lower, comparing to the total BEAM group, and the patients questioned were less aware of their disease.

The authors suppose that adequate mental health care management should be based on the knowledge about the number of its potential patients. In order to determine this number the authors formulated a hypothesis that the necessary period of the observation of patients depends on the course of the disease and on the risk of the relapse. From the authors' point of view all mental disorders comprise 3 groups. Patients who belong to the 1-st group need observation during all their life; patients from the 2-nd group need observation during an active period of the illness; patients from the 3-d group need observation during the acute period only. On the basis of estimation of the full number of mentally ill people in Russia the authors calculate a size of each group and the total number of the potential patients--about 21 million of people (14% of the Russian population). This rate has been defined as "the actual number of mental patients".

The range of prevalence rates for borderline mental disorders is very wide: from 17 to 210 cases per 1000 population. Considerable differences are explained both by a problem of detection of such patients and by certain diagnostic difficulties. Most clinical notions concerning borderline states are insufficiently definite and this has considerable influence on the results of epidemiologic researches. Analysis of the frequency of clinical diagnoses in two Moscow primary care out-patient clinics showed considerable differences which has disappeared under ICD-10 diagnosis.

Examination of patients in two Moscow general out-patient clinics (No 84 and 127) revealed that there were much more women (80.9%) with borderline mental disorders (BMD) in comparison with men. This finding corresponded well to literary data about higher incidence of BMD (especially of mild depressions) in women. However, profound investigation revealed that existing indices of BMD sex prevalence didn't reflect the real differences in BMD (affective especially) incidence in men and women, but they occurred most probably as the result of interaction of three factors, namely: the real sex difference in prevalence of these disorders, their masking by alcoholism in men, and differences in "medical behaviour" in women and men.

Epidemiology study of patients in primary care settings has shown prevalence of borderline mental disorders (41.58 per 1000 population) in comparison with patients of psychiatric outpatient clinic (11.4 per 1000). The question arises were those undetected by psychiatric out-patient clinics (those who didn't visit psychiatrist for individual reasons) or they represented another contingent. Comparative analysis of groups standardized on nosological, syndromal and educational levels revealed that there were various contingents of patients. The main difference was determined by different duration of disease before the first visit to psychiatrist, that reflected various severity of the disease (less severity of the disease was observed in patients of primary care institutions).