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The paper is concerned with a mathematical analysis of the use of the compact and latticed obstetrical perineal speculum at delivery. Preference is given to a novel latticed speculum that reduces two-fold the number of perineal ruptures in the primipara.

The article deals with those risk factors which play the most significant role in the development of early organic lesions of the brain. Particular attention was paid to teratogenic influence on the fetus in the intrauterine period and during parturition. The authors have outlined the main measures for preventing intrauterine and intrapartal lesions to the nervous system and formulated the priority tasks facing researchers in this area. These are as follows: limitation of pathological impacts on the fetus, improvement in antenatal diagnosis and obstetrical methods, and the development of the differential methods of intensive care of newborns and of the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system impairments at early stages of their development. Development of a comprehensive programme involving representatives from different branches of medical science is considered necessary.

The practicability of expanding indications for cesarean section in order to reduce perinatal mortality and possible prevention of perinatal losses by the correct choice of the method of delivery have been assessed through the analysis of the performance of Moscow hospitals. Perinatal mortality and morbidity can be reduced through means other than expanding indications for cesarean section. Further studies are needed to improve the management of labor and standards of neonatal care, particularly so for preterm infants.