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There exists a problem of unbalanced nutrition in the modern world. Consumption of vegetables and fruits is mainly seasonal and they are not consumed by everyone in the daily diet in sufficient quantities to meet the daily requirement for nutrients. Snack products, including various bars, are becoming increasingly popular among the population of our country. Often there is an insufficient amount of vitamins and other micronutrients with such products that are so necessary to ensure the health of the human body. Insufficiency of these nutrients causes various diseases, the condition of the skin, hair, nails, and even mood worsens.The goal of the research was to determine the amount of vitamins in a bar made from sunflower seeds with the addition of plant materials – crushed dried tomato fruits.The objects of the study were a candy bar with the addition of rusk crumbs, containing 15% of dried tomatoes by weight of the finished product and a control sample – kozinak.Tests were carried out on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 chromatograph using reverse phase chromatography on a Luna C18 column. This device is used to measure the content of a wide range of components in samples of substances and materials, solutions, food products and other objects of analysis.It has been found that with the addition of a herbal additive and cracker crumbs to the recipe, the quanitative composition of vitamins A and E in the finished product increased compared to the control sample.The results of the research can be used in the development of new food recipes.

The industry of gluten-free bakery products has not been studied properly, so this topic is gaining popularity among scientists. The subject of the research was the development of recipes for gluten-free flour mixtures. To improve the taste characteristics of the product and increase the biological value, it was decided to introduce plant raw materials non-traditional for bread. Chia seeds and carrot powder were chosen as additives. The goal of the research was to develop recipes for gluten-free flour mixtures. The research was carried out in several stages: 1. determination of the component composition of the gluten-free mixture recipe and production of prototypes; 2. analysis of organoleptic indicators; 3. carrying out physical and chemical studies of dough and finished products. To carry out the analysis instrumental and visual research methods were used. During the experiment three samples of bread were obtained from different types of gluten-free flour (No. 1 – green buckwheat; No. 2 amaranth flour; No. 3 – gram flour) in combination with rice flour, carrot powder and chia seeds. The control sample was bread made from rice flour, potato and corn starch. The rate of dietary fiber supplementation was calculated on the basis of the recommended daily intake. Thus, 2.8 g of dietary fiber was added with carrots, and 4.4 g of dietary fiber with chia seeds. According to all the studies carried out, sample No. 3 from gram flour turned out to be the best. The research results can be used in the baking industry to expand the range of bakery products. A mixture for making gluten-free bread can be a very useful product, especially for those categories of the population who have a need for such products. Also, given that for the majority of the population bread is a commodity of everyday demand, the production of such mixtures will be in great demand.

As a result of the conducted scientific research, the use of raw materials with low allergenic activity has been justified for the development of a recipe for boiled sausages for feeding children suffering from food intolerance. The experimental work was carried out on the base of KubSAU named after. I.T. Trubilin. According to the research design, biotechnological requirements for the composition and quality of the products have been analyzed, intended for a group of young children. The basic quality requirements are shown to ensure the safety of baby sausages for feeding children from 1.5 years of age: protein content – no less than 12 g, fat – no more than 18 g, salt – no more than 1.5 g and others. The selection and assessment of the quality characteristics of raw materials with low allergenic characteristics, which can be used as part of a new formulation, have been carried out. Based on the data obtained a meat-based product for children over 1.5 years old has been formulated in the form of boiled sausages intended for children with food intolerance. A model of a recipe composition with specified quality characteristics has been developed, including turkey, pork, horse meat, corn flour, goat milk, zucchini, and parsley. Pilot batch of sausages has been developed with subsequent assessment of the nutritional and biological value of the recipe model for feeding children with food intolerance, which shows high characteristics of the new product. The daily satisfaction of young children in basic nutrients has been studied. The developed boiled sausage product meets the requirements for protein (13.23 g) and fat (16.36 g) content.

Data on the biological and nutritional value of venison have been studied. Justification for the use of venison and the development of meat cream using it has been carried out in KubSAU named after I.T. Trubilin. As a result of the research, the venison market in Russia has been analyzed, and to substantiate the biotechnological requirements for the composition and quality of meat cream intended for feeding residents of the Far North have been substantiated; quality characteristics of the main raw material – venison and additional raw materials have been selected and assessed. Using the method of calculating quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the selected ingredients, the combination of formulation components that enrich the developed product with natural biological elements has been determined. The recipe composition of meat cream based on venison has been modeled. Pilot batch of meat cream has been developed with subsequent assessment of nutritional and biological value. A study conducted on the Daily supply of the main nutrients of the developed special-purpose meat cream, provided for the social group of people (residents of the Far North) has been studied and it has been revealed that the body’s energy costs are 15% higher, and the need for protein and fat consumption also increases to 140 g. Moreover, it has been revealed that the product is rich in vitamin B, which fully meet the daily requirement, vitamin A, which provides up to 29.3%, and vitamin C, up to 38% of the daily requirement. The developed meat cream meets the protein content requirements of 15.3%; fat of 19%; salt of 2%.

A profitable meat-processing business relies on the rational use of its resources, which, in its turn, depends on the constant improvement of product formulations and development of new ones. These operations involve advanced analytical methods and complex approaches. The article introduces a review of modern technical solutions, methods, and approaches to modeling new complex meat products with preset quality indicators. The review (1990–2022) involved research articles published in high-rated peer-reviewed research journals, educational literature, digital theses published by Russian Dissertation Councils, and patents registered by the Institute of Industrial Property. The synchronic and diachronic analysis of basic principles of food product design and parametric modeling revealed no universal methodology for meat products development, both in terms of goals and applicability to different meat products types. Forecasting of finished meat products quality indicators requires relevant and accurate information, which is highly variable and fast-changing. Unfortunately, advanced information technologies are slow to adapt to the urgent tasks of the food industry. As a result, the current methods for developing new complex meat product formulations are useless when meat producers have no access to relevant and self-updating databases on raw materials properties.

Contemporary human diet is poor in proteins. Therefore, the modern food science should find new sources of high-grade protein. The bracken fern is rich in proteins can be an unconventional solution to this problem. The research objective was to study the protein contents of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, which grows on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The study featured Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn harvested in several districts of the Kozulka, Kuragino and Shushenskoye districts Krasnoyarsk Region in May 2021. Spectrophotometry and chromatography were used to assess the proteins and amino acids, respectively. The protein content in the dried fern samples ranged from 24 to 27%. All the samples contained fifteen amino acids, including seven essential ones, mostly represented by phenylalanine+tyrosine (2.17 g/100 g of protein). Glutamine was the dominating essential amino acid (4.98 g/100 g of protein). The score of all the essential amino acids was more than 100%. The limiting amino acid was represented by methionine+cystine. From the total of fifteen amino acids, twelve belonged to various classes of aliphatic amino acids, one – to aromatic amino acids, and two – to heterocyclic amino acids. In terms of biological value, the samples collected in the Kuragino district surpassed those from the Kozulka and Shushenskoye districts because they had a lower value of amino acid score difference coefficient (78) and the highest value of coefficient of amino acid utility (0.55). The index of essential amino acids for all the fresh fern samples ranged from 1.04 to 1.1, which indicates a greater value of the total of essential amino acids than in the reference protein. The qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids of the bracken fern in the Krasnoyarsk Region showed that it can be used in food industry as an additional source of protein.

The research is devoted to determining the safety of mare’s milk and fermented milk drink «Kumis». As you know, mare’s milk contains proteins such as lactoferrin, alpha- and betalactalbumin, immunoglobulin, lysozyme, serum albumin. At the same time, the body immune system includes lysozyme and lactoferrin, which are involved in protecting it from the effects of pathogenic bacteria, since they destroy them both in the milk itself and in the human digestive system. In addition, mare’s milk differs in the composition of a number of minerals, vitamins and enzymes. It has been established that kumis has a mass fraction of fat of 2.00%, of total proteins – 2.38% and carbohydrates – 5.92%. According to the data on the amino acid score of kumis, the limiting amino acids are valine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, while the indicators of the ideal protein exceed those of the FAO / WHO from 13.4 to 28.3%. It has been established that mare’s milk and kumis contain a large amount of vitamins (A, E, C, B1, B2), which ensure the normal course of biochemical and physiological processes in the human body. In the process of the research, it has been found that in the experimental samples of mare’s milk and kumis, the presence of heavy metals and pesticides has not been detected, and the content of radionuclides in the studied dairy products is in trace amounts and does not exceed the MPC values. Mare’s milk and fermented milk drink kumis meet the requirements of TR CU 021/2011 ««On the safety of food products»» and TR CU 033/2013 «On the safety of milk and dairy products». It can be seen that the introduction of products based on mare’s milk into the industry of specialized, dietary and preventive nutrition is very promising and relevant.

The most important phytonutrients of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry are carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sugars, organic and amino acids, water and fat-soluble vitamins, tannins and pectin substances, phospholipids, macro- and microelements. In the Chelyabinsk region it is almost impossible to find well-groomed industrial plantings of sea buckthorn, since its main areas (600 hectares) are concentrated in amateur and home gardens. To form a healthy diet, it is important not only to ensure the safety of horticultural products, but also to raise the priority of signs that determine consumer demand, namely the quality and chemical composition of fruits, their saturation with the necessary micronutrients. While studying food and biologically active substances of sea buckthorn berries of the "Velikan" variety growing in different garden agrocenoses of the Chelyabinsk region it has been determined that sea buckthorn berries cultivated in the garden "Lokomotiv-1" (Chelyabinsk) contain more flavonoids (by 21.4 %), proteins (by 17.4 %), mineral elements – Al (in 5.3 times), V (3.4 times), Cu (3 times), Ti (2.4 times), Ca and Fe (1.9 times), Mn (1.5 times), in berries obtained in the garden "Dizelist-1" (Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk) contains more sugars (by 15.1 %), as well as Mo and Sr (2–2.3 times), Se (1.4 times), Cr (by 76.2 %), etc. In terms of Se content, the studied fruits exceed the clarke values by 4–6 times; in terms of Pb content, they turned out to be as close as possible to the upper limit of MPC according to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. The study of the mineral composition of sea buckthorn is especially important in the context of the ecological disadvantage of the Chelyabinsk region due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals.

The overview presents the literature data and the results of our own research on prospects of using the chicken eggs as the basis of functional foods. The composition of chicken eggs and their components, characteristics of egg white proteins properties are presented thereto. The biologically active compounds included into egg composition are analyzed. The data on the biological value of egg white are given. The characteristic of egg white foaming ability is presented. It has been shown that the ability of proteins to form stable intermolecular structures, especially with partially denaturated proteins, allows them forming viscoelastic superficial films that ensure foam stability. The high foaming ability of chicken egg protein macromolecules is directly related to their interphase properties, i. e. the ability to form interphase layers at the “liquid — gas” interface. The foaming properties of the various egg proteins are not equal, and therefore they contribute to foaming properties at various extents. The model of egg white proteins gelation is considered and the factors influencing the gelation process are described. It has been shown that very important changes in proteins properties are caused by denaturation. The proteins lose their ability to hydrate; the protective aqueous shell around the globules disappears, the proteins stick together, grow larger and lose solubility. This process is called coagulation. The influence of denaturation and aggregation on variations of protein properties is described below. Data on protein fortification with functional ingredients (calcium, iodine, plant polyphenols) and creation of functional egg and meat foods are presented here.

Chemical composition and nutritional and biological value of roe are investigated for autumn chum salmon from the Amur River sampled during their run for spawning from the estuary to the area of Khabarovsk city. Color and strength of roe were examined, content of proteins, lipids and minerals was measured, amino acid and fatty acid composition was determined. Caloric capacity and biological value of the samples were usual for this species. Physical properties of the roe (strength, color intensity) practically did not change in dependence on distance from the river mouth. Stable quality of roe in the run of spawning migration in the lower Amur is concluded.

The unresolved problem of quail is feed stress and high sensitivity of poultry of this species to feed quality. To eliminate such consequences it is possible with the use of various biologically active feed additives. However, their introduction into the diet automatically raises questions about the quality and safety of the products for the consumer. The purpose of the research is to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of quail meat for feeding NDC. The purpose of the research is to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of quail meat for feeding NDC. The object of study were the quails of the Pharaoh breed, at the age of 24 were divided into two groups: experimental and control 30 heads each. The birds were kept in cages with free access to food and water. Quails of the experimental group were added to drinking water feed additive "Nanocerium" at a dose of 8.6 mg per liter of drinking water. Nanocerium feed additive is an aqueous dispersion of NDC with average nanoparticle sizes of 2–7 nm. Antemortem examination of quails of both groups revealed a satisfactory clinical condition of birds. The average weight of the gut carcass of quails of the experimental group was higher by 8.3% compared to the control. Examination of 20 carcasses of quails showed that they can be classified as first class. According to organoleptic parameters, quail meat is of good quality in veterinary and sanitary terms. Microbiological studies of quail meat indicate no effect of NDC in the applied doses on its bacterial contamination. Chemical parameters of meat (pH, aminoammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids during storage in the refrigerator) (5 days, t = 4–5 ° C) tended to increase and were within the normal range for fresh product. Tissue in quails of both groups was not detected. The biological value of quail meat in both groups was identical and no toxicity. Tasting evaluation of the broth and meat showed that NDC did not affect the studied taste. The obtained results show that the quails that received the feed additive "Nanocerium" with water according to the indicators of veterinary and sanitary examination are of good quality, which allows to use it in human food without restrictions.

This article presents meat semi-finished products - cutlets, with increased biological value, with the addition of buckwheat groats instead of wheat bread. Buckwheat is very rich in vitamins and minerals, it has numerous healing properties. The results of the study of the obtained cutlets showed that the content of vitamin B1 was increased in cutlets № 1 by 93%, in cutlets № 2 by 87%, and the content of macroelement K, respectively, were increased by 54% and 7%.

In this paper, the amino acid composition of protein filling for extruded grain products is studied. According to research, essential amino acids make up more than 1/3 of all amino acids, which means that the protein filling is of high quality. The article considers covering the daily requirement of amino acids of the body with protein filling. It was found that the protein filling contains a rich amino acid composition, and allows you to get extruded grain products with a long shelf life.

The article presents the technology of production of protein-vegetable additives, technology of meat and vegetable pate.In the meat pate, the nutritional and biological value was studied, which was compared with the control sample.Analysis of experimental data shows that the number of essential amino acids in the paste "Damdi" increases compared to the control sample, the amount of valine to 0.4 g, isoleucine to 0.3, leucine to 0.2, lysine to 0.6, metonine to 0.067, threonine to 0.267, tryptophan to 0.031, phenylalanine to 0.15.The content of the main food nutrients in the pate "Damdi" (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, ash) also exceeded the control sample, which indicates its high nutritional value.

This article defines the physical and chemical parameters of the finished product based on a new technological recipe using corn flour and Urtica dioca l. powder. According to scientific data, the chemical composition of nettle leaves consists of vitamins C, K, b, panthenonic acid, formic acid, carotene and calcium. Therefore, the inclusion of nettle powder in the composition of pasta contributes to improving the function of the heart and lungs, preventing chronic diseases of the liver and bile ducts. The results of the study, organoleptic and physicochemical properties of pasta with the addition of 20% corn flour, and 2% Urtica dioica meet the standards and are considered the best option for making a new recipe of pasta.

The purpose of this research is to study the morphological composition of individual parts of lamb carcasses. The conducted scientific and practical experience has shown that Degeres sheep are characterized by greater growth energy, better meat qualities and higher economic efficiency in cultivation compared to the Edilbay and Altai breeds. In General, one of the most important indicators characterizing sheep Degeres wool type is the possibility of early economic use. When studying the morphological composition of individual parts of lamb carcasses of the above breeds of sheep, the features of cutting lamb in Kazakh were taken into account.

Introduction. Nutrition has a significant impact on human health, performance, well-being, and lifespan. The research objective was to develop formulations for functional compositions of seafood cryoconcentrates. Study objects and methods. The study featured concentrates obtained by cryotechnology from carcasses of Pacific squid (Todarodes pacificus), muscular shell of cucumaria (Cucumaria japonica), scallop mantle (Mizuhopecten yessoensis), octopus skin (Octopus dofleini), milt of Pacific herring (Pacific herring), and Japanese kelp (Laminaria japonica), as well as their multicomponent mixes. The content of biologically active substances was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The safety and biological value were biotested on Tetrahymena pyriformis. Results and discussion. The dry seafood concentrates had a high content of protein, minerals, and biologically active components, i.e. hexosamines, triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, nucleic acids, etc. The seafood cryoconcentrate mixes were divided into fortifying, restoring, immunomodulating, and mineral. Their chemical composition varied greatly, depending on the functional aim of the mix. For instance, the protein content varied from 28.8 to 57.6%, lipids – from 3.1 to 6.9%, carbohydrates – from 15.0 to 35.9%, minerals – from 10.9 to 22.9%, and hexosamines – from 2.2 to 5.6%. The experiments made it possible to substantiate the composition of the dry mixes. The compilation principle was based on the chemical profile of the raw material, as well as on the choice of biologically active substances. All the dry seafood concentrates showed a high relative biological value. However, the values differed, depending on the type of raw material: from 65.5% for the scallop mantle sample to 86.3% for the octopus skin sample. The difference could be explained by the chemical composition of the cryopowders and their availability to ciliate enzymes. Conclusion. The research resulted in formulations and functional mixes of dry seafood concentrates obtained by cryotechnology. The dry seafood concentrates can be used both independently and as functional compositions. The developed mixes demonstrated rather high content of animal proteins, minerals, and biologically active substance, e.g. hexosamines, triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, nucleic acids, etc. Their functional compositions proved to have excellent sensory properties; they are biologically safe for human consumption and have a high relative biological value.

Introduction. Semi-finished products require various additives that increase shelf life, improve sensory properties, or decrease raw material costs. Unfortunately, most additives improve neither nutrition nor biological value of the finished product. The present research featured precooked thin pancakes fortified with a chlorella concentrate. This microalgal supplement with scientific-based healthy properties is a unique project of Russian developers. The chlorella concentrate possesses a balanced amino acid composition, vitamins, major nutrient elements, and dietary minerals. Therefore, it can improve the nutrient and biological value of the pancakes. Study objects and methods. The research featured laboratory and industrial samples of precooked pancakes. 3%, 6%, and 10% of the milk were replaced with chlorella concentrate. The quantitative ratio of the components was determined empirically to obtain pancakes of the optimal quality. The batter-making and baking technologies were traditional. The mixing of milk and chlorella concentrate caused no protein aggregation. Results and discussion. The obtained batter was similar with the control sample in viscosity. The sensory properties did not deteriorate. As the proportion of the concentrate increased, the color of the batter changed from pale green to bright green. The sample with 10% of chlorella concentrate had a distinct algae smell. After the milk was replaced with the chlorella concentrate in the amount of 3%, 6%, and 10%, the amino acid composition demonstrated the following changes. The amount of lysine increased by 4.36%, 8.54%, and 14.72%, respectively. The amount of tryptophan increased by 5.46%, 10.75%, and 18.37, respectively. The amount of methionine + cystine increased by 4.04%, 7.94%, and 13.61%, respectively. The introduction of chlorella concentrate raised the content of certain minerals and vitamins, e.g. iron, vitamins of β-carotene, and vitamin C. Conclusions. Chlorella concentrate improved the production technology of flour-based foods. Therefore, it helps to expand the range of this group of precooked products while improving their biological and nutrition value.

The problem of the production of enriched drinks from natural plant materials for preventive purposes is considered. Pectin extract from grape processing products is an enriching component in beverage technology. The studies were carried out in accordance with the innovative directions of development of the food and processing industry formulated in the Strategy of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation until 2030. One of the tasks of scientific and technological development of the food industry considered in the research is to increase consumer demand for fortified foods, healthy and functional foods, which necessitates the development of food technologies that enhance protective functions of the body to prevent nutritional-dependent diseases. The idea is substantiated that the most technologically advanced way of creating food products with preventive properties is the technology of drinks with high biological value. Information is provided on the significance and nutritional properties of peach and carrot fruits used as the basis for the development of the drink. The data characterizing the quality of the pectin extract obtained from grape products and used in the technology of the drink as an enriching component and having detoxifying properties are presented. A comparative tasting evaluation of the experimental samples of the drink is given; on its basis the optimal formulation for the production of an enriched beverage with pronounced detoxification and adaptogenic properties is determined. Particular attention is paid to studies confirming the nutritional and biological value of the developed drink. The detoxifying properties of the drink are confirmed by studies to determine its complexing ability. It has been found that 1 g of pectin contained in the drink is able to bind and remove 151.7 ml of lead from the human body. The presented studies allow one to obtain high-quality drinks based on natural raw materials, to expand the range of preventive products that can eliminate the shortage of necessary nutrients for humans.

Introduction. Semi-finished products help food industry enterprises to meet the population’s need for high-quality and nutritious foods. Popular semi-products are loose mixes enriched with vitamins, minerals, and biologically active substances. The world is currently experiencing a shortage of food protein, and its deficiency is likely to continue in the coming decades. Therefore, loose high-protein baking mixes are one of the promising directions of healthy nutrition industry. Multicomponency of such mixes makes it possible to balance their composition and develop products that have a useful comprehensive effect on the human body and strengthen protective functions. Study objects and methods. In order to ensure a balanced composition of mixes and high-quality food production, the authors propose a new design of a continuous action vibration mixer. Experimental and industrial tests were carried out as part of a technological line for production of baking mixes with increased protein content. Trials included idling and serviceability check under load, quality tests of the obtained high-protein baking mix, as well as vibration and noise level tests. The tests provided the following rational operation parameters: amplitude of vibration A = 0.0045 m; angle of vibration β = 45°; frequency of vibration f = 33.33 Hz; number of revolutions n = 4; diameter of perforations d = 0.007 m. Biological value was determined according to the results of amino-acid analysis. Results and discussion. The new mixing unit had the average value of the non-uniformity coefficient Vc = 6.86%, which indicated the high quality of the obtained high-protein baking mixes. The biological value of the finished food product showed a higher nutritional value than in the control sample. Conclusions. The new vibration type mixing unit made it possible to obtain baking mixes of specified quality at the ratio of mixed components 1:60. This simple but reliable device had relatively low material and energy costs.

The present paper features processes of serum biotransformation. The serum was obtained from triticale extract and pea flour after protein concentrates of increased biological value had been extracted. The research objective was to obtain microbial and vegetable feed concentrates by using a composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae121 yeast and the yeast-like fungus Geotrichumcandidum 977. The mass fraction of protein in the two-component composites was 75–80% of the dry matter. The score of the first and the second limiting amino acids (lysine and threonine) equaled 103–113%, and that of the third acid (sulfur- containing) was 71–72%. The chemical composition of the composites corresponded to the ‘Concentrates’ group; the values of their functional and technological properties were typical of concentrates from other types of grain crops. The study revealed some cultures that are able to actively develop in serum, which is a secondary product of processing the extract after protein isolation. A symbiotic ferment was prepared from the fungus Geotrichumcandidum 977 and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 121, which ensures the growth of biomass in a carbohydrate- and nitrogen-containing medium. Proteins were isolated under the action of amylase, glucoamylase, cellulose, and xylanase. The amount of high-molecular compounds (dextrins) and trioses (raffinose) released from the interaction with protein and non-starch polysaccharides decreased 2–4 times in the solution. The amount of glucose, disaccharides, xylose, and galactose increased 2–10 times, compared with the original extracts. The serum remaining after the removal of the main mass of the protein was enriched with low molecular weight mono- and oligosaccharides, which positively affected the growth of microorganisms. The mass fraction of proteins in the microbial-vegetable composite obtained from the extract with the triticale proteins and pea flour ratio of 1:5 was 15% higher than at the ratio of 1:3. Microbial and vegetable concentrates with a mass fraction of protein of 55.8–75.1% of dry matter can be used in fodder production as a protein-carbohydrate additive. Protein composites made of protein triticale and peas with a complementary amino acid composition can improve the biological value and performance of food products.

In the scope of implementing a UNDP / GEF / Ministry of Nature project, a database and a GIS to consider the biodiversity of the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug were developed. They include information on 2035 animal and 1640 plant species, belonging to 15 model groups. Data were obtained using publications and unpublished sources, the results of studying collections / herbaria of four institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and data of fieldwork (2015) conducted in three coastal areas of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra. The taxonomic richness of the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug biota is not lower (even higher in some animal groups) than in other large Arctic regions (e.g. Taymyr and Greenland). Some new vegetation syntaxa have been described. And some phytogeographic boundaries have been established. Several animal taxa have been described for the first time for science. Some of species were neither previously recorded in the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug nor formerly known from Europe («Siberian» species), nor from Russia. Concerning types of ranges, the proportion of species having predominantly Siberian / East Palaearctic / Siberian-Nearctic ranges varied in different model groups from 0% to 30%. The fraction of arctic (in a wide sense) species ranged from 0% to 29%. We considered the status of the natural environment of the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug to be satisfactory so far as its destruction is particularly local. We strongly confirm the need to create new Protected Areas. The material obtained during the project processing has been applied to the organisation of sanctuaries in the Khaipudyrskaya Bay and Pakhancheskaya Bay, Barents Sea.

The problem of complete mineral and vitamin nutri􀆟on in rabbit breeding is relevant today, despite new discoveries, and research in this direc􀆟on con􀆟nues both in Ukraine and around the world. The paper presents experimental data from the results of research to study the effect of different doses of vitamin and mineral supplement "Tekro" in the diets of young rabbits on their produc􀆟vity, slaughter quality and biological value of rabbit meat. The obtained data of body growth, massometric indicators of carcasses and internal organs of rabbits of experimental groups a􀅌er slaughter indicate a posi􀆟ve effect of vitamin-mineral supplement "Tekro" on the intensity of development of the body and individual internal organs, which contributes to increased metabolic processes and weight gain in animals research groups. Feeding vitamin and mineral supplements to rabbits of experimental groups of the New Zealand breed for 45 days contributed to a be􀆩er transforma􀆟on of feed nutrients into products. In rabbits of the 3rd experimental group, which together with basic ra􀆟on were fed 3.5 % of the premix "Tekro" at 90 days of age, the highest rates of body weight were recorded, which differed by 8.89 % compared to the control group. In a set of indicators that characterize the nutri􀆟onal value of rabbit meat, we studied sensory indicators that characterize the quality of rabbit meat: taste, color, pH, juiciness, moisture content, elas􀆟city, aroma, "marbling", etc. It was found that in the appearance of carcasses and muscles in the control group, the samples scored 8.4 points. In the 3-rd and 4-th experimental groups, the number of points on this indicator was higher by 1.2 %. The difference was a trend. Examining the aroma of meat, it was found that in the control of this indicator, the samples scored 7.8 points. In meat samples from experimental groups 3 and 4, the aroma was more iden􀆟cal to natural, so the samples received 2.6 % higher scores. Samples from 3 experimental groups scored the most points in terms of taste. Compared with the control, the figure was higher by 3.6 %. Examining the juiciness of rabbit meat, it was found that samples obtained from carcasses 2 and 3 of the experimental group tended to increase this indicator. Summing up the data, it was found that the highest overall score was found in meat samples from 3 experimental groups. The difference with the control was within the trend and amounted to 2.4 %. Feeding rabbits vitamin and mineral supplements to rabbits helps to obtain good quality meat products with high culinary proper􀆟es. No data were available to support the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on compound feed on the synthesis of toxic substances in muscle 􀆟ssue or the deteriora􀆟on of rabbit meat. The biological value of muscle samples from rabbits of the 2-nd experimental group did not differ from the control data. The increase was only 0.11 %. It was found that the biological value of muscle 􀆟ssue from animals of the 4th experimental group was greater than in the control. The difference was 2.6 % Meat obtained from rabbits of the 3rd experimental group, which were fed compound feed with a content of mineral-vitamin supplement "Tekro" 3.5 %, in biological value outweighed the control indicators. The difference was not significant and amounted to 4.1 %. The use of different doses of vitamin and mineral supplements in the feed of young rabbits did not lead to significant changes in the quality of raw hides and furs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the most progressive views on nutrition, the composition of food products should involve certain vital nutrients, hence the rapid development of functional, or fortified foods. An analysis of the diet of the Russian population showed a 33% lack of native proteins. Proteins serve as regulators of the genetic function of nucleic acids, participate as enzymes in all stages of the biosynthesis of polypeptides, store and transport oxygen, and perform an immunological function. The research objective was to develop a technology for producing jelly marmalade of high biological value by using milk protein. The studies were performed at the All-Russian Research Institute of the confectionery industry (a branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems). The authors employed standard methods, e.g. physico-chemical, rheological, and organoleptic. The research featured jelly marmalade because it has a low nutritional value and a large amount of carbohydrates (70%). To fortify the product, the researchers used concentrated milk and whey proteins with a 80% protein content and a high biological value index (53%–170%). Gelatin served as the gelling agent. Its protein content was 87.2%. The experiment made it possible to establish the optimal ratio of sugar and molasses, the amount of gelling agent (8%), the amount of milk and whey protein concentrates (5%), and the influence of proteins on the viscosity of the jelly mass and its formation. The authors developed a method that makes it possible to introduce protein concentrates into the process of jelly boiling while preventing protein denaturation. The new technology produces jelly marmalade with milk protein content 11.2 g per 100 g, which means that the energy value of the product is 14.2%. According to regulatory documentation, such a product is deemed as a «source of protein».

Currently, there is an insufficient supply of protein and dietary fiber to the human body with food. The article considers the development of whey beverage with functional properties with the use of a cereal additive. The substantiation of the use of whey as the basis of the beverage and barley as a plant component, the formulation, the calculation of the biological value of the protein component and the supply of dietary fiber when using the recommended portion of the product is presented.

The use of milled red lentil seeds as a component of composite flour mixes from wheat baker's flour of increased nutritional and biological value is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The most important role of nutrition components belongs to proteins, the main function of which is to supply the human body with amino acids necessary for the synthesis of the body's own proteins. Besides proteins, dietary fibers and minerals are important. Lentil seeds are chosen as a component of composite flour mixes due to high nutritional and biological value. Lentil seeds are characterized by high protein content balanced by amino acid composition, mineral substances, vitamins (β-carotene, PP, В1, В2, В6) and dietary fibers. The results of chemical analysis of milled red lentil seeds, including the amino acid composition of proteins, are presented. Comparative analysis of chemical composition of graded flour and milled red lentil seeds shows the significant superiority of lentils by the content of protein, dietary fibers and mineral substances, including calcium and magnesium. Doses of milled red lentil seeds which make possible to obtain composite flour mixes with high biological value of protein have been determined through computer modeling. The data of chemical analysis of composite flour mixes from wheat flour of various types and milled red lentil seeds are presented. It has been established that the selected doses of milled red lentil seeds allow us to create composite flour mixes with high content of protein (18.9-17.0%), dietary fibers (11.32-8.6%), and mineral substances (2.21-1.9%) including calcium and magnesium. Proteins of the developed composite flour mixes have a high value of rationality index of the amino acid composition (0.87-0.86) and a low value of «comparable redundancy» (5.4-5.9).

Nowadays, an important part of the world food problem is a shortage of protein in the diet. This is a complicated problem, the significance of which is related to the special role of protein in a human life. The negative dynamics of protein value changes in the human diet is associated with both quantitative protein deficiency and a gradual reduction of its biological value. In accordance with the problem of protein deficiency in the population diet the amino acid composition has been studied and biological value of unique and worldwide recognized culture of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has been calculated. The study used the white quinoa seeds grown under the agro-climatic conditions of Krasnodar territory of 2015 harvest. It has been stated that the amino acid composition of quinoa seeds is presented by all essential amino acids. The calculated indices of the biological value, such as the ratio of amino acid differences, rationality coefficient of amino acid composition, protein efficiency ratio and the index of essential amino acids, showed the advantage of the protein value of quinoa seeds compared with the main crops (wheat, corn, and rice). The daily norm of proteins and essential amino acids for primary school children and adults consuming 100 grams of quinoa seeds has also been calculated. It has been found that when using 100g of quinoa the daily norm in essential amino acids for adults in phenylalanine only is covered by 74.3%, and norms of the remaining amino acids are covered completely, and for primary school children the daily norm of essential amino acids is covered by an average of 80% and the most deficient lysine is covered completely.

Currently, many regions of the Russian Federation including the Kemerovo region face serious problems with food products quality. Foods having a low content of essential macro- and micronutrients fill the grocery market. Therefore, enrichment of foods with amino acids, omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. is an urgent task. A centrifugal screw mixer for bulk materials with selected rational operation parameters used for the enrichment of flour mix with vitamins and other beneficial substances was developed in the laboratory of the department «Technological design of food production» at Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry (University). Analyzing the mixing process applying a multiple regression method, we have found that «Regression response surface» most accurately describes the process and that the number of screw flights and the frequency of the operation element rotation influence the quality of mixing significantly. Investigations on the optimization of the qualitative and quantitative ingredient composition of baker’s flour mix have been done at Research Institute of Baking Industry. Biological value of bread baked from the developed flour mix was analyzed, and it was found that its amino acid score had increased from 9 to 43% compared to the control additive-free sample. The shelf life for baker’s flour mix has been established.

Nowadays, the range diversification of functional whey-based beverages has lots of interest. The use of plant extracts or their compositions in the formulation of such beverages is relevant as it increases concentrations of biologically active substances including those having an antioxidant effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the development a technology of functional whey-based beverages and compositions of plant extracts from the Far East region and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L. ). The extraction of biologically active substances from hips, cranberries, black chokeberry berries, Amur grapes, actinidia kolomikta berries is optimized with the method of mathematical modeling; the synergetic antioxidant effect of the extracts’ compositions with an extract of mangosteen has been established. The recipes and technological process of beverages «ACTIVE» have been developed; the concentrations of stabilizers and fillers, providing a stable gel-like structure of the beverage have been determined. Using the complex of parameters the quality evaluation of whey-based beverages compared to the analogue has been done. The proposed technology allows us to obtain gelled whey-based beverages, which are natural food products. They have higher organoleptic characteristics, significant concentrations of functional antioxidant ingredients (flavonoids, xanthones, and vitamin C) and storage time compared to the analogue.

Currently, many manufacturers of food products are strategically focused on the production of functional foods for a healthy diet. The motivation of manufacturers in this case is caused by new trends of developing the market of healthy foods. The basis of functional nutrition is functional foods, but now they are not enough developed and commercially available to refuse from traditional products. Therefore, a person should eat regular foods, but in order to maintain the balance of caloric intake and intake of macro and micronutrient set it is necessary to use biologically active additives. Prevailing attitudes to the eating habits in the last decade suggest consumption of FMCG products containing an increased amount of the above nutrients. One of the most promising food groups in this respect is pastries. The aim of the research is to develop a sugar cookie recipe with the addition of pollen, which contains vitamins, amino acids and minerals. The novelty of this work is the study to determine the content of water and fat-soluble vitamins, essential and nonessential amino acids and minerals. The objects of study are pollen (which is obtained from the population of Bashkir bee colonies) and sugar cookies. Practical value: recipes of sugar cookies with the addition of pollen with high biological value have been developed and put into production. It has been experimentally proved that the addition of pollen enables to obtain products with increased phytochemical potential, and the increase in the vitamin content is from 1.7 to 4 times as compared to the control sample; there appear microelements absent in the control sample. It has been established that the preservation of water and fat-soluble vitamins in sugar cookies with the addition of pollen ranges from 40.0% to 86.7%. The shelf life of cookies increases up to 6 months with maximum preservation of consumer and physical and chemical properties.

The use of whey protein concentrate obtained with the ultrafiltration method (KSB-UF) in the technology of restructured formed products manufactured from broiler meat to enhance their biological value is grounded. The evaluation criterion of optimality was equilibration of amino acids content (biological value). Amino acid score, utili-ty (u) and redundancy (σred) coefficients of protein were taken as characteristic indices of biological value of the product. Mathematical modeling of the formulation of restructured formed broiler meat product made it possible to calculate the optimum quantity of KSB-UF, adequate to increase the biological value of protein in the product com-pared to FAO/WHO “model” protein. Values of KSB-UF varied within 0.5–4.0 % interval. Estimation of food value and equilibration of the modeled meat products formulations is adduced together with the physical and chemical properties of the formulations developed. The addition of 2 % KSB-UF is determined to enhance quality parameters of meat products. The said quantity of the concentrate in a restructured formed product, makes it possible to increase protein content by 0.93 % and absorbency rate by 13.5 %, and to decrease the level of amino acids irrationally used by organism by 12.81 %. Together with that, the moisture-retaining capacity of the product increased by 5.92 %, fat-holding capacity increased by 2.4 % and product output increased by 1.4 %.

To improve the recipes of existing products and develop new products with increased biological value effectively is necessary to have precise methods for protein quality evaluating. The article describes the DIAAS (digestible indispensable amino acid score) calculation method and provides the necessary data for its use. DIAAS has been adopted internationally as the most suitable method for routine evaluation of protein quality of foods by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The DIAAS is based on the relative digestible content of the indispensable amino acids (IAAs) and the amino acid requirement pattern. Factors involved in calculation of the DIAAS include: use of the content and profile of IAAs as the basis for quality; methods for determination of the protein and amino acid content of the protein source; accuracy of individual requirement values for IAAs; normalization of IAA requirements by the estimated average requirement for protein; and basing the DIAAS on the true ileal digestibility of each IAA in the test protein. This review outlines the rationale for including each of these factors in the calculation of the DIAAS and describes associated potential errors. This study aimed to evaluate the aminoacids changes caused by germination. Amino acids are an important component of food. They serve as “building blocks” that make up proteins. Protein deficiency in the body leads to disruption of its normal operation-loss of memory and mental relaxation opportunities, reduce the body's resistance. The effectiveness of the use of protein by the body is determined by two parameters: its balance on the content of essential amino acids and the digestible (dietary) indispensable amino acid score. We used DIAAS for protein quality evaluation in flaxseed and germination flaxseed. Flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum) are believed to be protein and oleaginous cultures, since they contain 17-30% proteins and 32-50% fats depending on the variety and conditions of cultivation. The flax seed protein, represented by albumins and globulins, has the full composition of essential amino acids (IAA), which is similar to the composition of soy proteins, which are considered to be the most nutritious proteins of vegetable origin. Germination of flax allows to use all the anatomical parts of the seed in the technology of health products, as the germinating process softens the shells and a pleasant sweet taste appears. Germination leads to the degradation of anti-nutrients (phytic acid) and the emergence of new physiologically active substances (vitamin C, tocopherols). The researches allow provide increasing of a reliability degree of the estimation of biological value both already existing food products and improved ones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameters of food safety and food and biological value are tested for muscular tissue of small-sized pacific saury stored under temperature of minus 30 °C and minus 18 °C. The muscular tissue contains 21.0-22.1 % of proteins and 10.6-11.8 % of lipids. Quality of the raw material after the storage corresponds to all hygienic and sanitary requirements, moreover, the rate of histamine decreasing and lipids oxidation and hydrolysis allows to prolong the time of frozen storage under temperature minus 30 °C up to 6 months. The most rational utilization of the small-sized saury is its processing to canned pate. Food and biological value of the canned pate is evaluated, regime of its sterilization is scientifically substantiated. Technology and recipe of the canned food «Pate Special of pacific saury» is developed. The product is distinguished by high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of series ω6 and ω3 in the ratio 3.4 : 1.0, so it can be considered as the product of preventive nutrition .

Technology of milt preserve is developed for marine fish caught in the Far East of Russia. The milt is a perspective raw material possessing high food and biological value. Its ability for preserving is determined, indicators of preserving and organoleptic properties of finished product are investigated. The presented technology expands food assortment and provides rational utilization of fish raw materials.

The technology of butter with the "OmegaTrin" complex with the balanced content of polynonsaturated fat acids is developed. Studied the fatty acid composition of milk - raw materials, optimal amount of insertion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, organoleptic characteristics of enriched butter; studied physico-chemical properties and biological value (biological effectiveness) of the final product, fatty acid composition of a new product, set the shelf life and developed an oil recipe.

The obtained data allow to argue about existence of close correlation between the content in milk of somatic cages and existence in it various compound substances. The raised number of somatic cages as the most sensitive indicator, allows to catch changes in a chemical composition of a secret of an udder, that is signals about fall of dairy efficiency. However the increase in number of somatic cages can be caused and other factors, in particular approach of the last stage of pregnancy. It is established that on level of capacity of biologically active centers of cows it is possible to estimate with a high share of probability quantity of somatic cages in milk for the purpose of further technological differentiation of milk raw materials.